专题01-名词-2023年中考英语知识清单(原卷版)

专题01名词
2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）
目录
1.名词的数（可数名词）： (1)
2.名词的数（不可数名词） (3)
3.名词所有格 (3)
4.牛刀小试 (5)
1.名词的数（可数名词）：
英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。

表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词，一般有单数和复数形式两种形式。

可数名词的单数变为复数的规则为：
1）一般情况下，在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母s构成复数形式。

如：book－books；
pen－pens；
eraser－erasers
2）以字母x；s；ch；sh结尾的单词，其复数形式是在单词后面加字母es。

如：bus－buses；
box－boxes；
watch－watches
3）以辅音字母＋ｙ结尾的可数名词，其复数形式是把字母ｙ变为i再加es。

如：baby－babies；
country－countries；
city－cities
注意：
如果是以元音字母＋y结尾的单词则直接加字母s。

如：boy－boys；
toy－toys
4）以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词，其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加es。

如：wife－wives；
leaf－leaves；
knife－knives
5）以字母o结尾的可数名词，其复数形式一般加s，或－es。

如：photo－photos；
radio－radios；
piano－pianos；
tomato－tomatoes；
potato－potatoes
6）一些特殊变化的复数形式。

如：man/woman－men/women；
child－children；
foot－feet；
tooth－teeth；
mouse－mice
7）有些名词的单复数形式相同：
如：sheep；
deer；
Chinese；
Japanese
注意：
有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。

当这些名词指代一个单位、机构或被看成一个整体时，作单数形式理解；如果表示这个群体的所有成员，通常被看作复数。

常用的这类词有：
class 班级；
team 队（员）；
family 家庭/人；
government 政府；
group 组（员）
如：
The family is not large.
这个家庭不大。

（指家庭这个整体）
The family are all music lovers.
这一家人都是音乐爱好者。

（指家庭中的成员）
Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. （指多个家庭）在这个村庄几乎所有家庭都参加了这个节目。

2.名词的数（不可数名词）
1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。

如：
The rich man has a lot of money．
那个富人有很多钱。

There is some milk in the bottle．
瓶子里有一些牛奶。

Is there any water in the glass？
杯子里有一些水吗？
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．
我不喜欢冬天，因为有太多的冰和雪。

2）用a piece of 这类定语修饰不可数数名词.。

a piece of paper；
a piece of wood；
a piece of bread；
a bottle of orange；
a glass of water（milk）；
a cup of tea；
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数。

two cups of tea；
four pieces of paper；
three glasses of water；
three bags of rice；
3.名词所有格
名词所有格表示人或者事物的所有及所属关系，在句子中作定语。

1）表示人或者有生命的名词的所有格的形式，单数名词的后面加“’s”。

如：
This is my father’s car.
这是我父亲的汽车。

2）表示集体、时间、距离、世界、国家等名词的所有格也可以用“’s”形式。

如：
Is there anything strange in today’s newspaper?
今天报纸上有什么特别的消息吗？
3）表示无生命的名词所有格要用of＋名词的形式，有时也用于有生命的名词。

如：
Look at the map of China, please.
请看这张中国地图。

I know the girl’s name/ the name of the girl.
我知道这个女孩的名字。

注意：
1）用连词and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有关系时，只在最后一个名词的后面加“’s”，
如：
This is Li Lei and Li Ping’s father.
这是李雷和李平的父亲。

（两个人共同的父亲）
如果两个名词分别所有，则在两个名词的后面分别加“’s”，
如：
These are Li Lei’s and Li ping’s books.
这些是李雷和李平的书。

（两个人各自所有）
2）以s或es结尾的复数名词，其所有格只在字母s的后面加“’”；而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式仍然要加“’s”。

如：
It is about ten minutes’ walk from my home to my school.
从我家到学校步行大约十分钟。

Here is the Children’s Palace.
这里是少年宫。

3）双重所有格：
“of +名词的’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。

如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格。

如：
Tom is a friend of my father’s.
汤姆是我父亲的一位朋友。

I gave him two photos of mine.
我给了他我的两张照片。

4.牛刀小试
1．（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）—Mum, I’m hungry. May I have some ________?
—Of course. But don’t eat too much.
A．bread B．noodle C．apple D．tea 2．（2022·吉林·东北师大附中明珠学校模拟预测）I saw________ mothers talking under that big tree about ten minutes ago.
A．Lucy and Lily B．Lucy’s and Lily
C．Lucy and Lily’s D．Lucy’s and Lily’s
3．（2022·重庆九龙坡·模拟预测）—What kind of noodles do you prefer?
—The _________ noodles, of course.
A．egg and tomato B．eggs and tomato
C．egg and tomatoes D．eggs and tomatoes
4．（2022·四川凉山·模拟预测）—Is this bag ________?
—No, the red one is ________.
A．Kate’s；her B．Kate；her C．Kate；hers D．Kate’s；hers 5．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A．tradition B．condition C．position D．situation 6．（2022·江苏江苏·二模）—Who is your favourite ________ in the series A Life Long Journey (人世间)?
—Zhou Bingkun is.
A．director B．writer C．reader D．character
7．（2021·广西·平果市教研室二模）Excuse me, could you pass me some _________? A．milk B．cake C．pear D．tomato 8．（2022·江苏苏州·二模）I’m sorry that I made you get into a difficult ________.. A．mess B．humour C．lecture D．situation 9．（2018·四川眉山·中考真题）—How many_______doctors are there in your hospital, David?
—_______them _______over one hundred.
A．woman,The number of, is B．women,A number of, are C．woman,A number of, is D．women,The number of, is 10．（2019·江苏连云港·中考真题）On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the
__________110meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar
A．man B．men C．men's D．mens' 11．（2022·云南昆明·二模）Mr.Wang gave me several useful ________ on how to learn better.
A．advise B．advices C．suggest D．suggestions 12．（2022·重庆一中一模）A number of _______ doctors did a good job in the fight against COVID19.
A．woman B．woman’s C．women D．women’s 13．（2020·广西·南宁十四中三模）—Peter often answers the teacher’s ________ in class, doesn’t he?
—Yes, he is very active.
A．problems B．questions C．messages D．difficulties 14．（2022·天津津南·一模）September es after ________ .
A．July B．August C．June D．October 15．（2022·江苏南通·一模）The number of the words in your article isn’t important, but the _________ of it matters.
A．ability B．size C．quality D．energy 16．（2022·广西河池·一模）—I’m hungry, mom.
—Look! Some ________ is on the plate. You can eat it.
A．eggs B．water C．pears D．bread 17．（2022·浙江·温州外国语学校二模）It’s said that a new ________ will be open near our school, offering some Ou culture exhibitions.
A．farm B．museum C．restaurant D．factory 18．（2022·广西·环江毛南族自治县教育局三模）—I hear there are three foreign students in your class.
—Yes. One is an ________ and the other two are ________.
A．Australian, Germans B．Australians, Germen C．Australians, Germans D．Australian, Germen 19．（2021·山东·济南市济阳天山外国语学校二模）_________ is the most important festival in China.
A．May Day B．Dragon Boat Festival
C．Spring Festival D．MidAutumn Day
20．（2022·安徽·模拟预测）Chinese government always puts the ________ of people first when accidents happen.
A．safety B．wealth C．success D．fame 21．（2021·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）—Can I help you?
—Please give me ________ about the trains to Daqing.
A．a few informations B．a little informations
C．a little information D．a few information
22．（2022·天津·模拟预测）Studying in another country is a different ________. You can have a try.
A．tradition B．difference C．experience D．report 23．（2021·四川广元·中考真题）Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________. A．man teachers B．men teachers C．woman teachers D．women teacher 24．（2022·内蒙古·呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区教育研修中心一模）The government has made some _________ in environment protection.
A．mistake B．decision C．change D．progress 25．（2022·上海青浦·一模）The farmer raised plenty of ________ on his farm to sell for food and money.
A．sheep B．cow C．pig D．chicken 26．（2022·重庆·模拟预测）Stella is going to move into a new flat next month, so she plans to buy some ________.
A．chair B．flower C．furniture D．picture 27．（2021·江苏连云港·中考真题）The ________ LianyungangXuzhou Highspeed Railway
was open to the public this year.
A．180 kilometer long B．180 kilometers long
C．180kilometerlong D．180kilometerslong
28．（2021·西藏·中考真题）All ________ received fresh flowers on Women’s Day. A．woman teacher B．woman teachers C．women teachers D．women teacher 29．（2017·湖北咸宁·中考真题）—Who won the first prize of the _______ World Table Tennis Championship?
—You mean the match held in _______? Ma Long did.
A．fiftyfour; German B．fiftyfourth; Germany C．fiftyfourth; German D．fiftyfour; Germany
30．（2017·贵州黔东南·中考真题）Kaili is one of the most beautiful ________ in Guizhou. A．place B．cities C．town D．country 31．（2022·辽宁沈阳·一模）Sometimes a little action can make a difference to a ________ life.
A．person B．person’s C．persons D．persons’32．（2021·黑龙江大庆·二模）—Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your ________ holiday?
—Maybe I will go to Shenzhen. I have never visited ________ city.
A．five days’; the most fantastic B．five days; the most fantastic C．fiveday; a more fantastic D．fivedays; a more fantastic 33．（2021·江苏徐州·二模）Kelly is not so quick, but she has a good habit of working hard. It is like a hidden ________.
A．promise B．tradition C．treasure D．difference 34．（2021·广西百色·中考真题）Uncle Li has a farm, there are some________ on the farm. A．chicken and sheep B．chickens and sheeps
C．chickens and sheep D．chicken and sheeps
35．（2021·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—You have a nice house! Whose room is this?
— It’s ________.
A．Jack and Peter’s B．Jack’s and Peter’s C．Jack’s and Peter D．Jack and Peter 36．（2019·四川巴中·中考真题）— It’s too hot! Let’s have some ________ to drink.
— Good idea.
A．eggs B．milks C．bread D．water
37．（2022·江苏南京·一模）Dancing is one of my ________. I take dancing classes twice a week.
A．hobby B．hobbies C．habit D．habits 38．（2021·贵州贵阳·中考真题）The movie named A Little Red Flower shows _________ love for their children.
A．parents B．parent’s C．parents’39．（2021·四川凉山·一模）—Did you have a great time on the farm yesterday? —Yes, we saw many beautiful flowers and lots of ________ and ________.
A．pigs; chicken B．sheep; chickens C．fishes; chicken D．duck; chickens 40．（2022·吉林长春·一模）—I often go to the science museum on the weekend.
— I guess we have different . I love novels.
A．troubles B．interests C．promises D．standards 41．（2022·安徽·模拟预测）—The science fiction film The Wandering Earth was a
great________.
—Yes. Many people were shocked by it.
A．invention B．beauty C．decision D．success 42．（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great ________ for our nation.
A．treasure B．resolution C．pleasure D．standard 43．（2022·重庆·模拟预测）We have a ________ holiday during Dragon Boat Day. A．three days B．threeday C．threedays D．three day’s 44．（2016·广西来宾·中考真题）—There are many ________ about this farm.
—Yes, lots of ________ are planted on it.
A．photo; potato B．photos; potatos
C．photos; potatoes D．photoes; potatoes
45．（2022·辽宁·营口市老边区实验中学模拟预测）My parents always have a ________ holiday in the Spring Festival.
A．seven days B．seven day’s C．sevenday D．seven day 46．（2021·内蒙古·呼和浩特市回民区教育局教科研室二模）—I wonder ________ Shanghai is from New York.
—It’s about 15 ________ flight.
A．how long, hours’B．how far, hours’
C．how much, hour’s D．how far, hours
47．（2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）In a conversation between two persons, 65% of
________ is done through body language.
A．information B．pronunciation C．introduction D．munication 48．（2021·天津河东·模拟预测）This bedroom is mine. That bedroom is ________. A．Jim’s and Tom’s B．Jim’s and Tom C．Jim and Tom’s D．Jim and Tom 49．（2021·广西河池·中考真题）—Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home?
—Ok, mom.
A．egg B．beef C．banana D．potato 50．（2021·山东东营·中考真题）—I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His _______ on hybrid（杂交）rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A．surveys B．reports C．researches D．achievements。