必修五词汇Unit 5 First aid(2)

Unit 5First aid
知识要点整合
核心词汇梳理
1．aid n. 帮助；援助vt. 帮助；援助
搭配in aid of 用来帮助……
We’re collecting money in aid of cancer research.
我们正筹集资金以资助癌症研究。

搭配come/go to one’s aid 帮助某人
I didn’t speak any French，but a nice man came to my
aid and told me where to go.
我没说法语，不过一个好心人帮了我的忙，告诉我怎么走。

搭配with the aid of 借助于……；在……的帮助下
He was able to prove the existence of the supergun with the
aid of a photograph.
借助于一张照片，他能证明“超级大炮”的存在。

搭配aid sb.in/with sth. 帮助某人做某事
The local community aided us in our investigation.
当地社区协助我们调查。

2．damage vt.损坏；损伤
Smoking seriously damages your health.
吸烟严重损害人体健康。

The groundless rumor damaged his good name.
无稽的谣言损害了他的名誉。

n.损害，损失，伤害
The damage to his reputation is considerable.
对他名誉造成的损害是巨大的。

搭配do/cause damage to 对……有害
Don’t you realize the damage these chemicals are doing to our environment?
你难道没意识到这些化学物质正在对我们的环境造成破坏吗？
The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at 6 million.
地震造成大约600万美元的财产损失。

辨析damage 指对某物的部分损坏，特别指对名誉、信誉的伤害；destroy指对某物予以彻底的破坏或消灭，有时指希望、计划的破灭；harm指给予重大损伤或伤害，特别指“害处、恶意”。

Their failures in this area have damaged their self
confidence and credibility.
他们在这方面的失败已损及他们的自信和信誉。

All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.
他回信拒绝，使我的希望全然破灭。

There is no harm in calling him.打电话给他没什么害处。

3．burn v. 燃烧；烧毁；烧伤；烫伤
Is the fire still burning？火还在燃烧吗？
Paper burns easily.纸容易着火。

A light was burning in her window.她窗子里亮着灯。

识记burn to the ground 烧成灰烬
be burned to death 被烧死
be burned alive 被活活烧死
get burned 被烧伤；受到伤害
4.present vt. 给；介绍；赠送；呈现
The movie presents its characters in a way that I find
difficult to believe in.
我觉得这部电影表现人物的方式很难让人相信。

搭配present sb.with sth.给某人颁发……；给某人……
David’s manager presented him with the award for best sales in the region.
戴维的经理向他颁发了本地区最佳销售奖。

Falling interest rates presents the firm with a new problem.
利息下降给公司带来了一个新的问题。

重点短语例释
1.in place 在适当的位置；适当；准备妥当
Have you got all the lights in place yet？
你把所有的灯都放好了吗？
All the arrangements are now in place for their visit.
他们来访的一切都安排就绪了。

2.take off 脱掉；起飞；在(某期间)休息；减价
Take your coat off.脱掉你的外套。

The plane took off very smoothly.飞机很平稳地起飞了。

I’d like to take next Friday off.我想下星期五请假。

They are taking 50% off all goods in that shop.
那家商店的所有商品打5折。

3．stick to 坚持；遵循
He promised to help us and he stuck to his word.
他答应过帮助我们，他没有失信。

I hated practicing，but I stuck to it and now I can play
pretty well.
我讨厌训练，但还是坚持了下来，现在我演奏得很好。

4．make a difference 有影响；起(重要)作用；区别对待
This scheme will certainly make a difference to the way I
do my job.
这项计划无疑将会对我的工作方式产生深远影响。

Anybody can enjoy yoga，and your age makes absolutely
no difference.
任何人都可以享受瑜伽的乐趣，绝不会受年龄的影响。

拓展make a difference 常用it作形式主语，后接wh从句。

It made no difference what I said.我的话没起什么作用。

It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
不管他去或是不去，对我无关紧要。

疑难语句细解
1．The functions of your skin are also very complex：it keeps
you warm or cool；it prevents your body from losing too
much water；it is where you feel cold，heat or pain and
it gives you your sense of touch.皮肤的功能十分复杂。

皮肤还可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。

正是皮肤使
你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。

【要点指南】在it is where...句式中，where引导的是表语从句，相当于the place where。

Home is where you can have a peaceful time.
家庭是你可以获得安宁的地方。

He wants to go to Paris，but I prefer to go to London；
that’s where we differ.
他想去巴黎，而我更喜欢去伦敦，这就是我们的分歧
所在。

She said the plan would work out well.That’s just where
I disagree.她说那项计划结果会好的，而这正是我所不
同意的。

比较She said the plan would work out well.That’s just
what I disagree with.她说那项计划结果会好的，而这正
是我所不同意的。

2.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。

【要点指南】was/were doing sth. when...是固定句式，意
为“正在做某事，突然……”，类似的句式还有：was/
were about to do sth. when...“正要做某事，突然”，
had (just/hardly/scarcely) done sth. when...“刚(未)做
完某事，突然”，was/were on the point of doing sth.
when...“正要做某事，突然”。

此时，when不可换用
while，as等连词。

He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife
came in.
他正笑着，门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。

We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.
我们刚要出发，突然下起雨来了。

I had hardly entered my room when the telephone rang.
我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。

He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at
the door.他刚要走就有人敲门。