2021版高考英语一轮温习第一编教材回眸Unit1Culturalrelics讲义新人教版必修2

Unit 1 Cultural relics
【题目优选】
假设你是李华，你所在的地域有一座古寺庙，寺庙内墙上绘有多幅反映那时人们生活的壁画，具有很高的艺术价值。

可是，最近几年来，天天都有很多游人前来参观，空气污染对壁画正在造成破坏。

请你就此写一封信，呼吁有关部门采取办法，保护这一文化遗迹。

信中要包括以下信息：
1.说明写信的目的；
2.介绍壁画的情况；
3.提出具体的建议。

【经典范文】
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm writing to inform you of a newly discovered ancient temple in our city.
It was built in the late Tang Dynasty. On the walls of the temple are many paintings, which show us how people at that time lived. The wall paintings are of great value. But I am worried about them because some of them are damaged by air pollution, which comes from visitors who come in every day.
I think some measures should be taken immediately. First, we should put glass walls in front of the paintings. Second, the number of visitors should be limited. And we should build a website where people can look at the pictures and paintings of the temple. Only in this way can we protect the temple properly.
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【名师点拨】
文中利用了较为高级的辞汇和句式，如inform sb. of sth., be of great value, take measures, look forward to等和倒装句、定语从句、原因状语从句等。

这些辞汇和句式的利用表现了作者驾驭语言的能力，彰显了作者扎实的大体功。

1．核心单词
(1)survive (v.) 幸免(于)；幸存；比……活得长；生还→survival (n.) 生存；幸存→survivor (n.) 幸存者
(2)select (vt.) 挑选；选择→selection (n.) 选择；选拔
(3)design (n.) 设计；图案；构思 (vt.) 设计；计划；构思→designer (n.)设计者；构思者
(4)fancy (adj.) 独特的；异样的 (vt.) 想象；假想；爱好
(5)decorate (v.) 装饰；装修→decoration (n.) 装饰品；装饰
(6)remove (vt.) 移动；搬开→removal (n.) 移动；除去
(7)doubt (n.) 怀疑；疑惑 (vt.) 怀疑；不信→doubtful (adj.) 怀疑的
(8)worth (prep.) 值得的；相当于……的价值 (n.) 价值；作用→worthy (adj.) 值得或应得的；值得尊重的
(9)explode (vi.) 爆炸→explosion (n.) 爆炸
(10)sink (vi.) 下沉；沉下→sank/sunk (过去式)→sunk/sunken (过去分词)
2．阅读单词
(1)valuable (adj.) 珍贵的；有价值的
(2)amazing (adj.) 令人吃惊的
(3)troop (n.) 群；组；军队
(4)reception (n.) 接待；招待会；接收
(5)former (adj.) 以前的；之前的
(6)local (adj.) 本地的；本地的
(7)evidence (n.) 按照；证据
(8)sailor (n.) 海员；船员；船员
(9)informal (adj.) 非正式的
(10)debate (n. & vi.) 争辩；辩论
【即景活用】
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1．Simon ________ (select) to make a speech at the opening ceremony.
答案：was selected
2．As we all know, time is the most ________ (value) wealth that one can have.
答案：valuable
3．Some drivers like to draw some special patterns as ________ (decorate) on their cars.
答案：decorations
4．The series of books ________ (design) for the students in Grade Three.
答案：are designed
5.Many strange customs ________ (survive) from earlier times.
答案：have survived
6．I don't fancy ________ (make) a journey to America.
答案：making
7．The film The flowers of War is well worth ________ (see)．
答案：seeing
8．Please ________ (remove) your shoes before entering the room when you are in Japan.
答案：remove
9．The city's population ________ (explode) in the last few years.
答案：has exploded
10．All the ________ (evident) we collected proved him to be guilty.
答案：evidence
联想积累
1．以“­able”为后缀的高频形容词小结
①value→valuable 宝贵的
②forget→forgettable 健忘的
③suit→suitable 适合的
④reason→reasonable 合理的
⑤admire→admirable 令人钦佩的
⑥enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
⑦accept→acceptable 可接受的
⑧afford→affordable 负担得起的
2．“喜欢”家族速记
①fancy 喜欢；想要；想象；假想
②like 喜欢；喜爱
③love 喜爱；喜好；喜欢
④enjoy 喜欢；欣赏
⑤favor 喜欢；支持；同意
⑥prefer 更喜欢
⑦admire 喜欢；赞赏；钦佩
⑧be fond of 喜欢；喜爱
⑨be keen on 喜欢；喜爱
3．以­e结尾的动词e→al变名词
①survive→survival幸存
②remove→removal移除
③arrive→arrival抵达
④refuse→refusal拒绝
⑤propose→proposal提议
⑥approve→approval批准；同意
1．in_search_of 寻觅
2．belong_to 属于
3．in_return 作为报答；回报
4．at_war 处于交战状态
5．less_than 少于
6．take apart 拆开
7．rather than 而不是
8．serve as 充当；起作用
9．think highly of 看重；重视
10．develop an interest in ... 培育对……的兴趣
【即景活用】
用所给的短语的适当形式填空
take apart， in search of， belong to， in return， at war， serve as
答案：in search of
2．Workers were busy ________ televisions, cell phones and computers—anything electronic.
答案：taking apart
3．If you do help them, don't expect anything ________ .
答案：in return
4．A tiger is a large fierce animal ________ the cat family.
答案：belonging to
5．The country has been ________ with its neighbour for two years.
答案：at war
6．From this experience I have learnt that questioning can ________ a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.
答案：serve as
联想积累
1．“at＋n.”常考短语归纳
①at war处于交战状态
②at school在上学
③at play在玩耍；起作用
④at sea在大海上；在航行
⑤at work在工作
⑥at peace处于和平状态
2．“in＋n.＋of”结构大集合
①in search of寻觅
②in memory of为了纪念
③in favor of支持；赞同
④in honour of为了纪念；为向……表示敬意
⑤in view of鉴于；由于
⑥in terms of谈及；就……而言；在……方面
⑦in case of如果……；万一……
⑧in place of代替；取代
1．After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
在那以后，琥珀屋的去向便成了一个谜。

2．In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
在审讯中，法官必需判断哪些证人可信，哪些证人不可信。

【句式仿写】
1．After many years, ______________________________________ a mystery.
连年以后，是什么致使了这个女明星的死仍是个谜。

答案：what caused the death of the famous actress remains
2．I've completed the application form and resume, but I have no idea ____________ the words and format mistakes.
我已经写完了申请书和简历，可是我不知道如何更正文字与格式错误。

答案：how to correct
联想积累
疑问词＋动词不定式的用法
what, which, how, when, where等疑问词后面加动词不定式组成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

[单词点津]
survive vt. 比……活得长；幸免于；从(窘境等中)挺过来vi.幸免；幸存；生还
[教材原句]Is it enough to have survived for a long time?
只是存在的时间长就足够了吗？
(1)survive on 靠……存活下来
A survive(s)
B by ... A比B多活……
survive sth. 幸免于某事；从某事中活过来
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
(3)survival n. 幸存；残余
【特别提示】
survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因此不要加多余的in或from。

【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①Many of the peasants managed to survive ________ tiny plots of corn and bean when there was nothing else to eat.
②They searched for ________ (survive) day and night after the earthquake.
③Several of those ________ (survive) the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.
答案：①on ②survivors ③surviving
(2)单句改错
The old woman died last week and survived her husband for forty years.
________________________________________________________
答案：for→by
design n．& vt. 设计；图案；构思；计划
[教材原句]The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.
琥珀屋的设计采用了那时很流行的独特建筑式样。

(1)be designed for ... 为……而设计
be designed to do 目的是做……；被设计用于做……
(2)by design 故意地；蓄意地
on purpose 成心地；故意地
(3)designer n. 设计师
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①This project ________ (design) to help landless people just didn't work out as planned.
②These 30 lectures ________ (design) to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic.
③She arrived just as we were leaving, but I'm not sure whether this was by accident or ________ design.
答案：①designed ②are designed ③by
fancy adj. 独特的；异样的vt. 想象；假想；爱好n. 空想；空想；爱好[教材原句]The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.
琥珀屋的设计采用了那时很流行的独特建筑式样。

(1)fancy ... to be/as ... 以为……是……
fancy doing sth. 想要做某事
(2)catch/take sb.'s fancy合某人的心意；吸引某人
take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/物
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
I can't fancy ________ (disturb) by such text messages all the day.
答案：being disturbed
(2)完成句子
①She looked through the hotel advertisements until one of them ____________________ .
她仔细查看旅馆广告，直到有一家符合她的心意。

②I think Sam really ________________ you.
我想萨姆真的爱上了你。

答案：①caught/took her fancy②takes a fancy to
remove vt. 移动；搬开
[教材原句] ... the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.
……俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术品搬走。

remove ... from ... 把……从……移开
remove from ... to ... 从……搬到……
remove sb. from school 勒令某人退学
remove one's doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
【即景活用】
完成句子
①Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day's work, the girl helps (to) ________________ .
意识到妈妈工作一天后肯定很累了，女孩帮忙妈妈把大衣脱了。

②Three children __________________________ for bad behavior yesterday.
昨天有三个孩子因为行为恶劣被学校开除。

③What Mr Evans did __________________________________ .
伊万先生的所作所为消除邻居们的疑虑。

答案：①remove her coat②were removed from school ③removed his neighbours' doubt
worth n. 价值；作用prep.值得的；相当于……的价值
[教材原句]Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing?
重建失去的文化遗产，如琥珀屋或北京的圆明园，是不是值得？
(1)be (well) worth doing ... ……(超级)值得做
be worth the money/an effort/a try
值得花钱/尽力/一试
be worth it 值得一干；值得花精力(或时间)
(2)be worthy ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫＋of being done ＋to be done ……值得做 be worthy ＋of ＋n . (＝be worth ＋n .) 值得……
(3)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 值得做某事
【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①He persuaded me that the picture was not worth ________ (buy)．
②His brave deeds are worthy ________ praise.
③I don't think it is worthwhile ________ (devote) so much time to discussing the matter.
答案：①buying ②of ③devoting/to devote
(2)单句改错
As far as I'm concerned, his suggestion is very worth considering.
________________________________________________________
答案：very→well
[短语点拨]
in search of 寻觅
[教材原句]IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM
寻觅琥珀屋
search sth./sb. 搜寻某物/搜身
search for ＝look for 寻觅
search ... for ... 为找到……而搜寻……
【即景活用】
(1)单句改错
They stayed in the mountains for a week searching the rare plant.
________________________________________________________
答案：searching 后加for
(2)完成句子
①Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to ______________ survivors in an earthquake.
狗嗅觉灵敏，常常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。

②Every year, many well­educated young people go to Beijing ______________________ .
每一年都有许多受过良好教育的年轻人去北京找工作。

答案：①search for②in search of jobs/to search for jobs
belong to属于；是……的成员；应归入
[教材原句]However, the next King of Prus sia, Frederick William Ⅰ，to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.
但是，下一名普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。

a sense/feeling of belonging 归属感
belongings n. 所有物；财产
【特别提示】
(1)belong to中to为介词，后接名词或代词
(2)belong to无被动语态，不用进行时
【即景活用】
单句语法填空
①If you love someone, you will like all ________ (belong) to him.
②Having sold most of his ________ (belong), he almost had nothing left in the house.
③In my opinion, you'd better put the book ________ it belongs.
答案：①belonging ②belongings ③where
in return作为回报
[教材原句]In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.
作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。

in return for ... 作为……的互换；作为……的报答
in turn 轮流；依次；相应地
by turns 轮流地；交替地
【即景活用】
完成句子
①I wish I could do something ______________ the kindness I have received from him.
我希望我能做点儿什么事来报答他对我的好。

②The couple will host parties ________ with their friends in the coming 7­day holiday.
这对夫妻会在即将到来的七天假期中和朋友轮流举行聚会。

答案：①in return for②by turns
[句型与语法]
[教材原句]Frederick William Ⅰ， the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.
普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

(1)句中could have done sth. 表示对过去情况的推测。

(2)“情态动词＋have done”的用法：
could have done(过去)本能做某事却未做
couldn't/can't have done对过去情况的否定推测，表示“不可能做了某事”
must have done对过去情况的肯定推测，表示“肯定做了某事”
may/might have done对过去情况的推测，表示“可能做了某事”
needn't have done(过去)本不需要做却做了
should have done(过去)本应做却未做
shouldn't have done(过去)本不该做却做了
【即景活用】
完成句子
①He __________________ well through all that noise.
他不可能在那种闹哄哄的环境里睡好觉。

②You ____________________ , but you didn't try your best.
你本可以做得更好，可是你没有尽力而为。

③I __________________ before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
在来新学校前我本没有必要担忧，因为这儿的同窗对我很友好。

④—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you ____________________ the British Museum during your stay, didn't you?
——去年夏天我在伦敦待了两周。

——那么在此期间你必然参观过大英博物馆了，是吗？
答案：①couldn't have slept②could have done better
③needn't have worried④must have visited
[教材原句]There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，那时德国在波罗的海岸边的一个城市。

(1)本句式中，that引导的从句为同位语从句，说明doubt的内容。

①doubt用作名词时，在肯定句顶用whether(不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句顶用that引导同位语从句。

②动词doubt在肯定句中，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定和疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。

(2)which引导非限制性定语从句。

定语从句按照其与主句关系的密切程度可以分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句两种。

①限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。

若是去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。

书写时不用逗号与主句分开。

②非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，它只是对先行词或主句作附加或补充性的说明，不起限制作用，若是去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。

在这种定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。

非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不可省略。

【即景活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①Jack is no longer the person ________ I met five years ago.
②She heard a terrible noise, ________ brought her heart i nto mouth.
③There is still some doubt ________ he is suitable for the job.
答案：①whom/that/who②which③whether
(2)完成句子
①________________staying up is more likely to result in over­anxiety.
毫无疑问，熬夜更有可能致令人过度焦虑。

②______________ you'll succeed.
我相信你肯定能成功。

答案：①Th ere is no doubt that ②I don't doubt that/I have no doubt that
The Amber Room belonged to one of the __1__(wonder) of the world. Originally __2__(design) for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ， it took the country's best artists about ten years to finish it. Everyone thought __3__ (high) of its style and design. Several tons of amber as well as gold and jewels __4__(use) to make it, so no wonder it was worth a lot of money. But later, the next king decided to give it as a gift to the Russian Emperor, who gave Prussia a troop of their best soldiers __5__return. __6__ (fortunate), during the Second World War, the Nazi Germany was also at war with Russia. In 1941, Germany invaded (入侵) Russia by surprise, and the Russians had no time __7__(remove) anything from the Amber Room except some small objects. When the Nazis saw the Amber Room, there was no doubt __8__they liked it so much that they took it apart and put it on a train to Germany. Since then, the whole world __9__(be) in search of the Amber Room. No one knows what happened to it and __10__it still survives now. Maybe it will remain a mystery forever.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.wonders 2.designed 3.highly 4.were used
5．in 6.Unfortunately 7.to remove 8.that 9.has been 10.whether/if
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·北京高考)The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
答案：that 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。

2．(2021·天津高考)My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
答案：whose 分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后名词存在所属关系，故应用whose。

3．Mr Reed ________ (select) to represent us in the meeting has been sent to have a talk with them.
答案：selected 由句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。

select与其所修饰的Mr Reed之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此填selected。

4．It was clearly ________(evidence) that the company was in great difficulties.
答案：evident It is/was evident that ... 是常常利用句型，意为“很明显……”。

5．Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how ________(survive) without friends in life.
答案：to survive “疑问词＋动词不定式”在本句中作表语，how to survive “怎么生存”。

6．I don't really fancy ________ (do) business with him.
答案：doing fancy doing ... “想要做……”。

7．He was severely criticized and ________ (remove) from his post.
答案：removed remove sb. from his post “开除某人”，此处是被动语态，因此填removed。

8．It is said that the early European playing cards ________ (design) for entertainment and education.
答案：were designed be designed for “为……而设计”。

9．We ________(face) the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?
答案：could have faced 由后一分句可知，前一分句谓语应用could have done结构，表示“过去咱们本来可以一路面对困难”。

10．All the workers ________(belong) to the factory must obey the rule.
答案：belonging 由句子结构可知，此处应填belong的非谓语动词形式，workers与belong to之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。

故用此刻分词belonging to作后置定语。

belong to 无被动语态。

Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The boy's behavior was high thought of by all the people present.
________________________________________________________
答案：high→highly think highly of ... “高度评价……”。

2．What can we do for them in return all the help they have given us?
________________________________________________________
答案：return后加for in return for ... “作为对……的回报”。

3．It is very worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of
environmental protection.
________________________________________________________
答案：very→well be well worth doing ... “超级值得做……”。

4．The rescue workers removed the stones in search for any survivor.
________________________________________________________
答案：for→of in search of ... “寻觅……”。

5．There is no doubt what a cleaner does is harder compared with any other job in the society.
________________________________________________________
答案：doubt后加that There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”。

Ⅲ.语法填空
World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year on the first Wednesday of March. It __1__ (start) by the website in 2021 and has now reached 65 countries. The aim is to encourage people worldwide who cannot read to enjoy the benefits of a book. The website asks everyone __2__(celebrate) the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and reading out aloud. It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write __3__(belong) to all people.
The website asks __4__(visit) to join in the movement to reduce __5__number of illiterate (不识字的) people in the world. It is __6__ (absolute) necessary to help those who cannot read. The website says, “It's time to start by reading aloud to __7__might like it. Share a book with a child who might need it, share a story with someone who would treasure it, listen patiently __8__someone else's story as they share with you.” The United Nations says, “Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, __9__to participate fully in society.” In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help make a __10__ (different)．
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章对世界朗诵日进行了详细的介绍。

1．was started 考查动词的时态和语态。

按照时间状语“in 2021”可知，此处是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；且主语It与谓语动词start之间是被动关系。

故填was started。

2．to celebrate 考查非谓语动词。

ask sb. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“要某人做某事”。

故填to celebrate。

3．belongs 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。

分析句子结构可知，that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是the right to read and write，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且本句在叙述一般性的事实。

故填belongs。

4．visitors 考查名词的复数。

此处是指网站的访问者，且表示复数概念。

故填visitors。

5．the 考查冠词。

the number of ... “……的数量”。

此处指减少不识字的人数。

故填the 。

6．absolutely 考查词性转换。

此处用absolute 的副词形式修饰形容词necessary 。

故填absolutely 。

7．whoever 考查宾语从句的连接词。

此句中whoever 引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作主语，意为“……的那些人，……的任何人”。

故填whoever 。

8．to 考查介词。

listen 是不及物动词，后接宾语时，要加介词to ，意为“听……”。

故填to 。

9．and 考查连词。

不定式“to achieve their goals”“to develop their knowledge”和“to participate fully in society”是并列顺承关系。

故用连词and 。

10．difference 考查词性转换。

make a difference 为固定短语，意为“有影响，起作用”。

故填difference 。

Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Miss Li ，
I'm one of your student in Class Six, Senior Three. Nowadays I meet a great many difficulties when studied English. To begin with, it is very difficult of me to memorize a large number of new words. In addition, grammar is too complex to understand, that has influenced my English writing seriously. And my performance in reading and correcting are not satisfying.
Faced with such a dilemma, you hope that you can give me a hand. Would you provide me with some effectively approaches? Secondly, I believe that I will have good command of what you teach, if you will slow down your speed in class. There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.
Thank you.
Yours ，
Wang Min
答案：
Dear Miss Li ，
I'm one of your student ①students
in Class Six, Senior Three. Nowadays I meet a great many
difficulties when studied ②studying English. To begin with, it is very difficult of ③for
me to
memorize a large number of new words. In addition, grammar is too complex to understand, that ④which
has influenced my English writing seriously. And my performance
in reading and correcting are ⑤is not satisfying.Faced with such a dilemma, you ⑥I
hope
that you can give me a hand. Would you provide me with some effectively
⑦effective
approaches?
Secondly, I believe that I will have ∧
⑧a good command of what you teach, if you will
⑨
slow down your speed in class. There is no doubt whether
⑩that
I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.
Thank you.
Yours，
Wang Min 难项分析：
第二处：s tudied→studying考查非谓语动词。

此处是时间状语从句的省略。

由于从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词含有be的某种形式，故省略了从句中的主语和be 动词。

when studying相当于when I am studying。

第四处：that→which考查定语从句的引导词。

逗号后的句子为which引导的非限制性定语从句。

先行词为grammar, which在从句中作主语。

that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

第十处：whether→that考查固定句式。

There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问，……”。

单元加餐练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains, but actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun!
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the 11th century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was commonly used in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.
During the Middle Ages, the use of umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late 16th century. And again it was considered as a symbol of power. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later in England.
By the 18th century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have
become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colors.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了伞最初产生时的用途和其后来的演变。

1．According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient ________ .
A．China B．Egypt
C．Greece D．Rome
答案：A 细节理解题。

按照文章第二段第二句可判断伞最初或许是在中国产生的。

2．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the umbrella?
A．No one exactly knows who the inventor of the umbrella was.
B．The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun.
C．The umbrella changed much in style in the 18th century.
D．In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.
答案：C 细节理解题。

按照文章倒数第一段中的“Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time”可知，一直以来，伞在风格上没有什么大的转变。

3．A strange feature of the umbrella's use is that it was used as ________ .
A．protection against rain
B．a shade against the sun
C．a symbol of honor and power
D．women's decoration
答案：C 细节理解题。

按照文章第三段第二句“And there was a strange thing ...
a symbol of honor.”和最后一句“... only by those in high office.”可判断出答案。

B
The history of civil engineering (土木工程) is a very important story in the development of civilization (文明). Civil engineers began practising their profession four thousand years ago.
What is left of their work is the proof that they were wise. These engineers of the ancient world built entire cities. They designed systems of pipes which supplied fresh water. They built water pipelines for farmlands as well as bridges of great length. The relics of their buildings tell us much about the work of early engineers.
Consider the pyramids of Egypt. They are evidence that some of the earliest engineers had great scientific ability. There is also evidence that those engineers could make lasting work of art and design. Although they lived thousands of years ago，the Egyptian engineers used very exact measurements. The base of the largest pyramid—the Great Pyramid near Giza—comes to within inches of being a perfect square. The pyramid is perfectly placed. Each corner points toward the exact directions of north, south, east and west. The inside of the pyramid is filled with complicated (复杂的) passages and tunnels. These lead to different rooms inside the
pyramid. Many of these passages are of great length and height.
The engineers of Egypt did more than design the pyramids. They also set up methods of moving and shaping the building materials. These materials were very heavy. They had to be brought from miles away and sometimes lifted several hundred feet. During the work the engineers commanded thousands of workers. The pyramids remain as evidence of the abilities of the ancient Egyptian engineers.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

土木工程的发展历史在文明进程中居重腹地位。

文中以埃及金字塔的土木工程建筑为例，介绍了土木工程师在建设中的重要贡献。

4．Forty centuries ago ________ .
A．there appeared civil engineers by profession
B．people began practising engineering in order to become professional engineers C．civil engineers began putting their knowledge into practice
D．civil engineers got more involved in their profession
答案：C 细节理解题。

由第一段最后一句可知，4,000年前，土木工程师已经开始把他们的知识运用到实践中了。

5．The civil engineers of ancient times were wise enough to build entire cities, including ________ .
A．systems of pipes, bridges and machinery
B．pipeline systems, bridges and farmlands
C．water supply systems, bridges and pipelines
D．water supply systems, bridges and stadiums
答案：C 细节理解题。

由第二段第三、四句可知，古代土木工程师建起的城市包括水利系统、桥梁和管道等。

6．From the passage we know that ________ .
A．building materials were broken into small pieces
B．there were no requirements for the size and shape of building materials C．Egyptian engineers were not concerned with the size and shape of building materials
D．building materials were processed (加工) to meet certain requirements 答案：D 推理判断题。

由第三段第六句“The pyramid is perfectly placed.”和第四段第二句“They also set up methods of moving and shaping the building materials.”可推知，人们对建筑材料进行加工以知足某种需要。

7．The passage can be best titled “________ ”．
A．Evidence of Human Civilization
B．Early Civil Engineers
C．Ancient Architecture (建筑)
D．Development of Civil Engineering
答案：A 题目判断题。

整篇文章主要在讲述人类文明的证据。

B项局限于初期的土木工程师，不够全面；C项局限于古代建筑；D项指土木工程的发展。

Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·全国卷Ⅱ)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done. __1__ , there are several ways to handle things. Let's take a look at them now.
__2__ . Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then. __3__ . It can help to eliminate (消除) future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don't do it in your own office. __4__ , it's much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. __5__ . If someone knocks and it's not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed.
A．If you're busy, don't feel bad about saying no
B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D．If you're in the other person's office or in a public area
E．It's important that you let them know when you'll be available
F．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要就如何避免工作时受到打搅提出了几点建议。

1．B 空格后说“有几种方式来处置这些情况”，B项“当你想在工作中避免受到打搅时”与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。

2．A 设空处位于段首，按照后文提到的告知对方你很抱歉、向对方解释你有很多事情要做和另约时间可知，本段是讲述在自己很忙的时候不要不好意思拒绝，故选A项。

3．E 空格前说“当人们试图打搅你时，你要肯定好时间，让他们知道何时回来找你或你去找他们”，空格后说“这样做能帮你消除未来受到打搅的可能”，E项“让他们知道你何时有空超级重要”与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。

4．D 空格前的“in your own office”与D项中的“in the other person's office”相对应。

D项“若是你在他人的办公室或公共区域”与空格后的内容衔接紧密，故为答案。

5．G 按照空格前的“若是你的办公室有门，那么就好好利用它”可知，本段主要讲述如何利用办公室的门来避免受到打搅。

故选G项。

Ⅲ.语法填空
Cultural relics are a part of history, and represent people's cultural treasures. Therefore, it is important for us to protect __1__ (they)．
__2__we know, most cultural relics are really valuable because they have seen。