配套K12北京市中央民族大学附属中学2019届高三英语10月月考试题(含解析)

北京市中央民族大学附属中学2019届高三英语10月月考试题（含解
析）
时量 120 分钟总分 150 分
第I卷（三部分，共115分）
第一部分听力理解 (共三节，30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分)
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a bank.
B. In a hotel.
C. In a store.
2. What’s the man doing now?
A. Meeting his boss.
B. Watching TV.
C. Walking to the office.
3. What did the man do recently?
A. Went on business.
B. Flew to his hometown.
C. Made a presentation in New York.
4. Why is the man late?
A. Because his car was broken.
B. Because he met the traffic jam.
C. Because he went to school on foot.
5. What happened to the man?
A. He set up a new company.
B. He raised a lot of money.
C. He got a higher position.
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。

6. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Colleagues.
B. Friends.
C. Neighbours.
7. What’s the woman going to do?
A. Find a new job.
B. Do some work.
C. Move in a new house.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

8. Where does Susan have to go at 2:30?
A. To the cinema.
B. To the dentis t’s.
C. To clean the house
9. Why can’t they watch a movie at night?
A. Because Susan has to help Julie with her project.
B. Because Susan’s brother is going to use it.
C. Because the video machine doesn’t work.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10. When will the exhibition be open?
A. From 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m..
B. From 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m..
C. From 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m..
11. What will be on at the closing ceremony?
A. The English-lovers’ performance.
B. The band ABC’s performance.
C. TFBOYS’ performance.
12. Why does the speaker make the announcement?
A. To inform the students of the arrangements for the English Culture Week.
B. To tell the students about the preparation for English-lovers’ Association.
C. To introduce wonderful performances of different music bands.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。

13. According to the man, why didn’t he choose to study abroad?
A. Because he believed universities in China were good enough.
B. Because his parents didn’t agree to support his expense.
C. Because he didn’t like to live in foreign co untries.
14. What is the man’s major?
A. Education.
B. Marketing.
C. Computer Engineering.
15. According to the conversation, we can know that the man is _______.
A. strong-minded
B. absent-minded
C. warm-hearted
第三节 (共5小题；每小题l. 5分，共7.5分)
听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。

听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。

这段对话你将听两遍。

第二部分：知识运用（共两节, 45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1.E-mail, as well as telephones, ______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing
D. play
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意：电子邮件，还有电话在日常生活中起着很重要的作用。

As well as 连接主语时要遵循承前一致的原则，答案选A。

类似短语还有rather than ，like，together with 等。

考点：考查动词时态
2.--- Can David take charge of the international department?
--- I’m afraid it’s ________ his ability.
A. under
B. within
C. beyond
D. over
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。

A. under在---下面；B. within在---之内；C. beyond超过，越过；
D. over在---之上。

句意：——大卫能负责国际部吗?——恐怕这超出了他的能力。

结合句意可知答案为C。

3.I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money.
A. why
B. when
C. which
D. what
【答案】D
【解析】
四个选项分别表示为什么、什么时候、那一个和什么，这里关系代词为do的逻辑宾语，故选D，那是我有钱后要做的事。

4.The news came as no surprise to me. I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.
A. had known
B. knew
C. have known
D. know
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。

句意：这个消息对我来说一点都不惊讶。

我已经知道一段时间了这个工厂要倒闭。

根据句意说明我知道这个消息是在工厂倒闭之前就知道的，而工厂要倒闭使用了过去时，那么之前就使用过去完成时的时态。

故A正确。

5.It is difficult for us to know the truth ______ we’ve actually looked into the case.
A. until
B. after
C. since
D. if
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句。

句意：在我们真正调查这个案件之前，我们很难知道真相。

until“直到---为止”，在句中引导时间状语从句，故答案为A。

6.There’s no snake known that will habitually attack human beings unless _______ with its life.
A. threaten
B. threatened
C. threatening
D. having threatened
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。

句意：没有一条蛇会习惯性地攻击人类，除非它的生命受到威胁。

此处句子主语snake和threaten之间是被动关系，所以unless和过去分词threatened构成条件状语，故选B。

7.It really matters _______ he treated the latest failure, for the examination is around the corner.
A. if
B. that
C. why
D. how
【答案】D
【解析】
句意：-由于考试临近了，他如何对待最近的失败关系很大。

It为形式主语，主语从句中缺少方式状语，故选D。

8.Lily felt down because her proposal was ______ by the manager with no good reason.
A. turned down
B. set down
C. put down
D. taken down
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词组。

句意：莉莉感到很沮丧，因为经理没有正当理由拒绝了她的提议。

A. turned down调低，拒绝；
B. set down记下；
C. put down镇压，记下；
D. taken down 拿下。

结合句意可知答案为A。

9.-- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
-- Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查with复合结构。

With+宾语+宾语补足语，在with复合结构中work与fill 是逻辑上的主动关系，因此要用现在分词，句意：---加油，请给我关于计划的一些想法。

--对不起，很多工作占据了我的大脑，我要崩溃了。

选B。

考点：考查with符合结构
10.The disease is a huge blow for the farmers. Hundreds of them ______ their animals, livelihood and hopes destroyed and many others fear they _____ the same fate. A. have seen; will suffer B. saw; suffered
C. had seen; was to suffer
D. see; suffer
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。

句意：这种疾病对农民来说是一个巨大的打击。

数以百计的人目睹了他们的动物、生计和希望被摧毁，还有许多人担心他们会遭受同样的命运。

结合句意可知第一空用现在完成时态；第二空用一般将来时态。

故选A。

11.The athlete’s years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A. went on
B. got through
C. paid off
D. ended up
【答案】C
【解析】
考查短语动词。

A 项为“继续”；B 项为“通过，到达，做完”；C 项为“付清；取得成功”，这里的意思为多年的努力终于有了好结果；D 项为“结束，死亡”，不符合题意。

句意：当她最终获得奥运金牌的时候，这个运动员多年的努力终于有了回报。

12.You _____ something great, otherwise you wouldn't have got the promotion.
A. should do
B. must do
C. should have done
D. must have done
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+have done。

句意：你一定做了什么了不起的事，否则你就得不到提升。

must have done表示对过去事情有把握的肯定推测，故选D。

【点睛】情态动词+ have done结构：
1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could 一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如：He can't have finished the work so soon.
3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.如：They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如：I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些.如：You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.（但没有）
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.（可是做了）
6.“would ＋ have ＋过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意.如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem. Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
13.Not until he retired from teaching two years ago _______ having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered
B. had he considered
C. did he consider
D. he considered
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装。

句意：直到他两年前从教育退休，他才考虑去国外度假。

not until 结构位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装语序，排除A、D选项，根据three years ago判断句子用一般过去时，答案选C。

14.“The Mozart Effect” is a study described in 1993 ______ aroused public interest about the idea _____ listening to a classical music somehow improves the brain.
A. that; which
B. what; why
C. who; that
D. which; that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和同位语从句。

该句句意：“1993年在自然杂志中一个被称作在“莫扎特效应”的研究激发了公众对于听古典音乐能够在某种程度上提高智力这一理念的兴趣。

”通过分析句子结构可知，该句从第一空开始到句子结束为定语从句，其先行词是 a study，而要选择的关系词在定语从句中替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语，所以第一空填关系代词that/which；在定语从句中又含一同位语从句，该从句具体解释说明the idea的具体内容，而该从句中句意和结构均完整，故第二空只需在名词性从句中能起连接作用的连接词that，综上可知正确答案为D.
15.Tom doesn’t want to move to London because he thinks if he _____there, he wouldn’t be able to see hi s parents very often.
A. lives
B. were to live
C. had lived
D. would live
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。

句意：汤姆不想搬到伦敦去，因为他想如果他住在那里，他就不能经常见到他的父母。

此处if引导虚拟语气，主句与将来的事实相反，则从句用一般过去时态、should+动词原形或were +to do sth.，故选B。

【点睛】If引导的虚拟语气：
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+
should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

（事实：我不可能是你）
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

（事实：
去晚了）
3.表示与将来事实相反
从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。

（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

School was over and I felt quite tired. I sat at the very ___16___ of the crowded bus because of my anxiety to get home. Sitting there makes me ___17___ out like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies.
Janie, the ___18___, tries to break the uncomfortable atmosphere by striking the match of ___19___. I tried to mind my manners and ___20___ listened, but usually I am too busy thinking about my day. On this day, ___21___, her conversation was worth listening to.
“My father’s sick,” she sa id to no one in ___22___, I could see the anxiety and fear in her eyes. “What’s wrong with him?” I asked. With her eyes wet and her voice tight from ____23____ the tears, she answered, “Heart trouble.” Her eyes ___24___ as she continued. “I have already lost my mum, so I don’t think I can stand losing him.”
I was ___25___. My heart ached for her. And this reminded me of the great ___26___ that my own mother was thrown into when her father died. I saw how hard it was, and ____27____ is, for her. I wouldn’t l ike anyone to ___28___ that.
Suddenly I realized Janie wasn’t only a bus driver. That was ___29___ her job. She had a whole world of ___30___ and concerns, too. I suddenly felt very selfish.
I realized I had only thought of people as ___31___ as what their purposes were in my life. I paid no attention to Janie ___32___ she was a bus driver. I had ___33___ her by her job and brushed her off as unimportant.
For all I know, I’m just another person in ___34___ else’s world, and may not even be ____35____ I should not have been so selfish and self-centered. Everyone
has places to go, people to see and appointment to keep. Understanding people is an art.
16. A. side B. end C. front D. middle
17. A. find B. take C. think D. stand
18. A. doctor B. teacher C. driver D. assistant
19. A. conversation B. topic C. fire D. discussion
20. A. politely B. slightly C. carelessly D. partly
21. A. otherwise B. instead C. therefore D. however
22. A. surprise B. purpose C. silence D. particular
23. A. fighting B. turning C. clearing D. protecting
24. A. opened B. lowered C. closed D. shone
25. A. shocked B. relieved C. recognized D. excited
26. A. victory B. pain C. respect D. disappointment
27. A. away B. seldom C. never D. still
28. A. pick up B. go through C. work out D. get down
29. A. almost B. nearly C. just D. ever
30. A. school B. factory C. family D. friend
31. A. far B. long C. much D. well
32. A. while B. until C. though D. because
33. A. judged B. received C. considered D. criticized
34. A. everyone B. anyone C. someone D. nobody
35. A. happy B. important C. useful D. wise
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. D 22. D 23. A 24.
B 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. B 29.
C 30. C 31. A 32.
D 33.
A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。

文章叙述了作者放学回家坐公交车的亲身经历。

放学了，作者感到很累。

他坐在拥挤的公共汽车的最前面，因为急于回家。

坐在那里，就像一堆暗淡的便士里的一枚闪闪发光的硬币一样引人注目。

作者觉得自己很自私。

作者认为在别人的世界里我只是另外一个人，也许在别人的眼里他也并不重要。

【16题详解】
本题考查名词。

A. side边；B. end 结束，末端；C. front前部； D. middle中间。

结合下文我迫切想回家，我应该是坐在车子的前部。

选C。

【17题详解】
本题考查动词词组。

stand out意为：突出，显眼；结合下文的like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies.可知答案为stand out.选D。

【18题详解】
考查名词。

A. doctor医生；B. teacher老师；C. driver司机；D. assistant助手。

在公共汽车上，应该是司机想打破沉默。

选C。

【19题详解】
考查名词。

A. conversation 会话；B. topic话题；C. fire火；D. discussion讨论。

司机想通过谈话打破不舒服的气氛。

选A。

【20题详解】
本题考查副词。

A. politely有礼貌地；B. slightly轻微地；C. carelessly粗心地；D. partly 部分地。

结合前文mind my manners，可知我注意了自己的礼貌，那么应该是礼貌的听司机讲话。

选A。

【21题详解】
结合上下文。

A. otherwise要不然的话；B. instead反而；C. therefore因此； D. however 然而。

上文提及我经常在司机说话的时候想自己的事情，下文提及her conversation was worth listening to.可知存在着转折的关系。

选D。

【22题详解】
考查名词。

A. surprise惊讶；B. purpose 目的；C. silence 沉默；D. particular特别。

从前面的句子：My father’s sick,”可知司机很担心。

选D。

【23题详解】
本题考查上下文联系。

A. fighting战斗，斗争；B. turning转变；C. clearing清理；D. protecting保护。

由文章内容可以知道司机非常痛苦，但是又不能当众哭泣，只能强忍着泪水。

选A。

【24题详解】
本题考查动词语义辨析。

A. opened打开； B. lowered 使低下；C. closed关闭；D. shone 照耀。

由上下文可知她父亲得了重病，她情绪低沉，当说出父亲所患的病的时候应该是低下
眼帘，表示痛苦之情。

她的眼睛低下来，继续说。

选B。

【25题详解】
考查动词。

A. shocked震惊；B. relieved欣慰；C. recognized认出； D. excited 使兴奋。

听到她父亲患重病，母亲又已经去世，我很震惊。

选A。

【26题详解】
考查名词。

A. victory胜利；B. pain疼痛；C. respect尊重；D. disappointment失望。

根据下文可知，我母亲的爸爸去世给我母亲带来的应该是痛苦。

选B。

【27题详解】
考查副词。

A. away离开；B. seldom 很少；C. never从来没有； D. still仍然。

根据I saw how hard it was, and ____12____ is, for her.可知，我知道这对她来说是多么艰难，现在依然如此。

应该选D。

【28题详解】
本题考查动词短语辨析。

A. pick up拾起，偶然学到； B. go through 经历，度过；C. work out工作出，制定出；D. get down 下来。

go through意为：经历。

作者是不想看到任何人经历同样的痛苦。

选B。

【29题详解】
考查副词。

A. almost几乎；B. nearly差不多；C. just仅仅；D. ever曾经。

那只是她的工作。

选C。

【30题详解】
本题考查名词辨析。

A. school学校；B. factory工厂； C. family家庭；D. friend朋友。

根据上下文可知她应该有自己的家庭和自己的忧虑。

选C。

【31题详解】
考查副词。

A. far 遥远地；B. long长期地；C. much 非常；D. well很好地。

根据I realized I had only thought of people as ___16___ as what their purposes were in my life.可知，我意识到，我只想到人们在我生命中的目的。

选A。

【32题详解】
本题考查状语从句的连词。

A. while 当---时候； B. until直到---为止； C. though 尽管；D. because因为。

我没有注意到她是因为她只是一个司机。

选D。

【33题详解】
本题考查上下文串联。

A. judged判断； B. received收到；；C. considered 考虑；D.
criticized批评。

我不注意她是因为她只是一个司机，反应作者是根据职业来判断一个人的。

选A。

【34题详解】
考查不定代词。

A. everyone 每个人；B. anyone任何人； C. someone某人；D. nobody 没有人。

在别人的世界里我只是另外一个人，选C。

【35题详解】
考查上下文联系。

A. happy高兴的； B. important重要的； C. useful有用的；D. wise 明智的。

也许在别人的眼里我也并不重要。

选B。

第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
Sydney Trains is one of the most economical, reliable and convenient ways to travel throughout Sydney and its surrounds.
Our network, the NSW Trains Intercity, covers suburban Sydney and extends to the Hunter, Central Coast, Blue Mountains, Southern Highlands and South Coast regions.
The network is made up of several color-coded lines. Trains from different lines can share the same platform, so check display screen and listen to announcements.
Ticket prices are generally based on the distance traveled. You can visit transportnsw. Info for details.
Getting to the City.
In Sydney, if you’re near a train station, you’re on your way to the city. Every rail line leads directly or indirectly to the City Circle. I t’s the loop around the central business district of Sydney. Most City stations are underground so look out for the sign on street level.
Automatic ticket gates
Large stations have automatic gates for entry to, and exit from, the station. If you have an Opal card or a ticket which has a magnetic stripe you must use the automatic gates. You may use the wide gate for wheelchair, pram or luggage access. Station staff will assist you.
Night Ride buses
Most trains don’t operate between midnight and 4:00 a.m. So a special Night Ride bus service is available between these hours on most Sydney suburban lines.
Track work
In order for the tracks to the maintained, we sometimes have to replace train with buses, particularly at weekends, please check the track work section for the latest service alterations on your line.
36. To get more information about ticket prices, travelers had better________.
A. visit a website
B. go to the City Circle
C. check display screen
D. listen to announcements
37. What service is offered to travelers in need at most big stations?
A. A free Opal card
B. Earlier entry to the station
C. A ticket with a magnetic stripe
D. Help from station workers
38. Which is the best convenient time to travel by Sydney Trains?
A. At midnight.
B. At 6:00 p.m. on Wednesday.
C. Between midnight and 4:00 a.m.
D. On Sunday afternoon.
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一则关于悉尼火车的广告。

其中主要讲述了票价，铁路路线，开放时间与车站服务等信息。

【36题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章中"Ticket prices are generally based on the distance traveled．You can visit transportnsw．Info for details"可知，可以在一个网站上查询机票的详细信息。

故选A。

【37题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第三段中"Station staff will assist you"可知，在车站中，车站工人会帮助客人。

故选D。

【38题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第二段中"Most trains do not operate between midnight and
4：00a．m"可知AC项错误．从最后一段"n order for the tracks to the maintained，we sometimes have to replace train with buses，particularly at weekends"可知B项时间火车也不方便。

故选B。

【点睛】本文为广告类阅读文章，做此类文章时应快速浏览广告、新闻，从标题中预测内容及涉及的类别。

然后浏览问题，寻找答案。

注意地点和时间的多样化造成的误选。

最后复读材料，核实答案。

本题第2小题，根据文章倒数第三段中"Station staff will assist you"可知，在车站中，车站工人会帮助客人。

故选C。

B
US student Vanessa Tahay stands out from the other teenagers in her school. Her skin is dark, her accent is thick, and if you ask her, she will tell you these are the things she is proudest of. Tahay is a poet, and at 18 she was considered among the best in Los Angeles.
When she is on the stage, audiences often go silent. They also laugh and cry. But this doesn’t come easily for someone who comes from a village that sits at the base of a huge mountain range in Central America. When she first appeared at school, she was teased by others for being short and different. She never spoke, so they called her “mouse”.
“How do I defend myself?” Tahay thought. “I don’t know how.”
“Keep going,” her mother would tell her. “At some point, you’ll learn.”
She spent hours after school and on weekends watching the same DVDs: English without Barriers.
Tahay’s elder brother, Elmer, persuaded her to go to the after-school poetry club. In the last six years, her English teacher Laurie Kurnick has turned Cleveland Charter High School’s poetry program into one of the most respected in the city. Her team draws from the likes of D.H. Laurence, Pat Mora and Kendrick Lamar to create poems about their own lives. The poems focus on many things —some funny, some painful.
T he first time Tahay read the group’s poems, chills went up her spine (脊柱). “I wish I could write like that,” she thought. “I want to say something.”
She wrote her first poem about her first year in America. She called it Invisible.
The day her turn came to recite in front of the team, she broke down crying. She cried for 15 minutes. “I had so much held in,” Tahay said. “I couldn’t even finish it.”
But she kept at it despite her less-than-perfect grammar, spelling and diction (措辞). Still, she wouldn’t tell h er friends about her poetry because she worried they would make fun of her.
But with time, her poems changed her. “They gave me pride,” Tahay said. “They told me that I’m worth something.”
“She had this innocence,” Kurnick said. “This willingness to be gen uine and show you things you don’t ever see.”
39. What did Tahay’s mother suggest she do when she was teased by others?
A. Fight with them bravely.
B. Report them to her teachers.
C. Try hard to make friends with them.
D. Ignore them and keep going.
40. What are the themes of Tahay and her team’s poems?
A. Their admiration for the great poets.
B. Funny and painful stories about their lives.
C. Their expectations of a better future.
D. Their appreciation of natural beauty.
41. How did Tahay probably fe el when she first read the group’s poems?
A. She was cold.
B. She was nervous.
C. She was excited.
D. She was frightened.
42. How did Tahay benefit from writing poems?
A. She improved her grammar and spelling greatly.
B. She won many national poetry competitions.
C. She became the first student poet in the city.
D. She felt more confident about herself.
【答案】39. D 40. B 41. C 42. D
【解析】
本文为记叙文。

美国学生Vanessa Tahay在学校因其皮肤很黑，口音很浓而格外显眼。

18岁时她成为洛杉矶一个最好的诗人之一。

她的诗主要是关于生活中的乐趣和痛苦。

写诗让她
受益匪浅，让她更自信。

【39题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段最后两句和第三段的内容，当她在学校被人戏弄时，她妈妈说“Keep going,” her mother would tell her. “At some point, you’ll learn.”可知，D 项是她妈妈的建议。

故选D。

【40题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第六段的内容Her team draws from the likes of D.H. Laurence, Pat Mora and Kendrick Lamar to create poems about their own lives. The poems focus on many things —some funny, some painful.（她的团队借鉴了D.H. Laurence、Pat Mora 和Kendrick Lamar等人创作自己生活的诗篇。

诗描写了许多东西如一些乐趣和痛苦。

）可知，这些都是描写他们生活中的乐趣和痛苦的。

分析选项可知B项正确。

【41题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第七段内容The first time Tahay read the group’s poems, chills went up her spine (脊柱). “I wish I could write like that,”可知，当她第一次讲到这些诗时，她觉得她的脊梁发冷。

“我希望我也能那样写，”。

根据第二句说她也想写出这样的诗，可知她是羡慕的。

分析四个选项（A. She was cold.她很冷；B. She was excited.她很激动；C. She was nervous.很紧张；D. She was frightened.她很恐惧。

），只有B项表达她羡慕的激动心情。

故选C项。

【42题详解】
细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段的内容But with time, her poems changed her. “They gave me pride,” Tahay said.可知，写诗给了她自信和自豪感。

分析选项可知D项符合题意。

C
Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still of the speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.
One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs (肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land.
Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.
Romer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition (过渡) from sea to land.
Romer called these earliest four-footed a nimals “tetrapods”. Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.
Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer (海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Homer’s theory to places where fossil deposits (沉积物) of the earliest tetrapods were found.
According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at the University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.
The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”, explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK’s University of Bangor. As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food... the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip (翻转) themselves back in the water.”
As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge University’s paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaki ng to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “It’s only one of many ideas for the origin of land-based tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer,” she said.
43. Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools?
A. Hannah Byrne.
B. Charles Darwin.
C. Alfred Romer.
D. Steven Balbus.
44. Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to
Steven Balbus?
A. There were larger oceans.
B. Earth was under greater pressure.
C. The moon gave off more energy.
D. Earth was closer to the moon.
45. The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 8 probably means “________”.
A. trapped
B. settled
C. abandoned
D. found
46. What is the focus of the article?
A. The arguments over a scientific theory.
B. Some new evidence to support a previous theory.
C. The proposal of a new scientific theory.
D. A new discovery that questions a previous theory.
【答案】43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B
【解析】
本文为一篇科学报道。

文章用一些新的证据来支持先前人们的猜测理论：即海洋中的动物是因为潮汐的作用导致鱼类发展出四肢，迁徙到陆地的。

【43题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist (古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.和四段第一句“Homer thought that tidal (潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs.”可知，是Alfred Romer最先提出了鱼类可能因为潮汐而发展出四肢的理论。

故选C项。

【44题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第七段最后“…tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.（过去的潮汐比现在强。

这是因为地球这颗行星以前比现在离月球近了10%。

）可知，D项正确。

【45题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据第4段中的Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides.可知，Homer认为海洋生物因为潮汐被迫进入水池。

第8段第一句The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”, explained Mattias Green,结合两处可知，鱼儿是被迫进入池中，那就不是被发现或被遗弃，鱼儿也不想定居，而是被困于池中最为合适题意，故选A。

【46题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据文章全文可知，英国生物学家达尔文的《物种起源》极大地提高了科学家对自然的认识。

但仍有不少没有根据的猜测。

其中的一个猜测就是为什么在4亿年前，海洋中的动物有了四肢，从而让他们迁徙到陆地上生活。

一个世纪以前，美国古生物学家Alfred Romer提出的一个想法，即潮汐可能导致鱼类发展出四肢，这再次成为一个热门话题。

针对此许多科学家进行的实验提供了许多新的证据来证实它。

C项（一些新的证据来支持先前的理论。

）是文章的关注点，故选B。

D
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times. Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian。