高考英语大一轮复习课时达标2Unit2Englisharoundtheworld含解析新人教版必修1

课时达标(二)Unit 2 English around the world
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
universities, has been systematically blocking female applicants from entering the school by lowering their entrance exam results for the past decade, local news agencies have reported.
The scandal(丑闻) surfaced during the university’s investigation of another scandal, in which its former director was accused of giving admission to the son of a senior education official in exchange for a favor.
Admissions records released by the school show the percentage of women who passed the entrance exam rose from 24% in 2009 to 38% in 2010. The figure has since stayed below that level, falling to 18% in 2018, when only 30 women of the 1,019 female applicants were eventually accepted.
Women account for more than 40% of the overall workforce, but the share of female doctors has been stuck at about 30% since 1998. The slow progress in medicine has caused an assumption that other medical institutes probably have similar policies that discriminate against female applicants.
So why is a country that is battling a shortage of doctors trying to bar qualified female candidates from getting training?
It is believed that female students will eventually leave the medical profession to give birth to and raise their children. There is a silent understanding to accept more male students as one way to solve the doctor shortage.
It is true that female physicians tend to leave the profession at much higher rates than male, but many disagree that keeping them out of medical school is an effective response.
Yoshiko Maeda, head of the Japan Medical Women’s Association, said, “It is astonishing that women are being robbed of their right to seek entry to the medical profession. Instead of worrying about women quitting jobs, they should do more to create an environment where women can keep working.”
语篇导读本文主要讲述了东京医科大学通过降低女性考生的分数从而阻止其入学的丑闻。

1．Which year saw the highest level of female admission percentage in Tokyo Medical University?
A．1998．B．2009.
C．2010．D．2018.
解析C数字计算题。

根据第三段可知，2010年女性考生的录取率最高，达到38%，而2009年是24%,2018年是18%，均低于2010年，故选C项。

2．What does the underlined word “bar” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Prevent．B．Separate.
C．Distinguish．D．Protect.
解析A词义猜测题。

根据第四段最后一句并结合第五段可推知，此处bar表示“阻止”，与第一段中的blocking呼应，故选A项。

3．What is Maeda’s attitude to Tokyo Medical University’s policy?
A．Cautious．B．Disapproving.
C．Uninterested．D．Favorable.
解析B观点态度题。

根据最后一段中的It is astonishing that…to the medical profession可推知，Maeda对东京医科大学采取的政策不赞成，故选B项。

4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Female doctors in Japan tend to leave their profession.
B．Female doctors make up the larger part of the Japanese workforce.
C．Tokyo Medical University put forward a new admission policy.
D．Tokyo Medical University changed test scores to keep women out.
解析D主旨大意题。

本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了日本东京医科大学通过降低女性考生的分数从而阻止其入学的丑闻，故选D项。

B
a cul ture.” Since the world changes every day, so does our language.
More than 300 new words and phrases have recently made it into the Oxford Dictionary Online, and in one way or another they are all reflections of today’s changing world.
After a year that was politically unstable, it’s not hard to understand the fact that people’s political views are one of the main drives of our expanding vocabulary. One example is “clicktivism”， a compound of “click” and “activism”. It refers to “armchair activists(键盘侠)”—people who support a political or social cause, but only show their support from behind a computer or smartphone. And “otherize” is a verb for “other” that means to keep a distance from people who are different from ourselves—whether that be different skin color, religious belief or sexuality.
“We had all the words around ’Brexit(英国脱欧)’ in the last update and we are now starting to see all the words around ’Trump’ coming into the dictionary，” Angus Stevenson, Oxford Dictionary Online’s head of content development, told The Guardian.
Lifestyle is also changing our language. For example, “fitspiration”—a compound of “fit” and “inspiration”—refers to a person or thing that encourages one to exercise and stay fit and healthy.The phrase “climate refugee”—someone who is forced to leave their home due to climate change—reflects people’s concern for the environment.
According to Stevenson, social media was the main source for the new expressions. “People feel much freer to coin their own words these days，” he said.
But still, not all newly­invented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream dictionary. If you want to create your own hit words, Stevenson’s suggestion is that you should not only make sure that they are expressive and meaningful, but also have an attractive sound so that people will enjoy saying them out loud.
语篇导读《牛津在线词典》最近收录了300多个单词和短语，本文介绍了这些单词和短语的来源、特点等。

5.Why does the author mention “Brexit” and“Trump”？
A．To inform the reader of the origin of the word “clicktivism”．
B．To show the influences of current affairs on the English language.
C．To highlight two major political events that changed the world.
D．To explain what kind of new words can make it into a dictionary.
解析B写作意图题。

根据文章结构可知，中间几段讲新词和短语的来源；Brexit(英国脱欧)和Trump(川普)相关的词都入选词典中，反映了时事对英语的影响，故选B项。

6．How is the passage mainly written?
A．By giving examples．B．By making comparisons.
C．By following a timeline．D．By presenting research findings.
解析A篇章结构题。

前两段点明文章的主旨后，下文大量列举了比较典型的新收录的词汇。

由此可推知，文章主要使用了例证法，故选A项。

7．According to Stevenson, to make the words you invent popular, they should ________.
A．be easy to remember B．have unique meanings
C．reflect the changing world D．be meaningful, expressive and appealing
解析D细节理解题。

根据最后一段最后一句可知，入选的词汇应该具备三个特征：expressive, meaningful及attractive，appealing是attractive的近义词，故选D项。

8．What is the best title for this passage?
A．New Words into the Oxford Dictionary Online
B．The Application of New Words and Phrases
C．How a Language Mirrors the Changing World
D．The Impact of Social Media on Our Language
解析A标题归纳题。

文章主要介绍了《牛津在线词典》新入选的单词和短语，讲述了它们的来源和特征，故选A项。

Ⅱ 七选五
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person or people who bought the apartment or house or moved are the ones who throw the party. __1__ It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. It is an opportunity to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.
It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. __2__ Some common items people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and items like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like, a piece of art or a plant. __3__ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming party there isn’t a lot of food served, usually just appetizers or sandwiches.
__4__ The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens
shortly after a person moves into a new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. This isn’t usual though.
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift so that the person could keep the home warm for the winter. __5__
A．You can also bring food or drinks to share.
B．Different activities are held to make guests satisfied.
C．There are usually no planned activities at a housewarming party.
D．Now most homes replace fires with central heating to keep warm.
E．Different people hold or attend housewarming parties for various reasons.
F．Some people register a list of things they need for their new home at local stores.
G．The party is an opportunity for friends and family to congratulate the person or people on the new home.
语篇导读本文介绍了“燎锅底”(乔迁聚会)这一风俗习惯的意义、方式和由来。

【熟词生义】throw常用义：v.抛，扔，投生义：v.举办
例句：Bill threw a party for his sister before she went away to college.
Bill在他妹妹去上大学前为她举办了一场聚会。

1．解析G并列关系。

空后一句说明这种聚会的意义，其中的also表明空处也是说明其意义的，选项中只有G项符合语境，故选G项。

2．解析F递进关系。

该段第一句引出主题，即参加这种聚会是要带礼物的，所以接下来就应该说明如何选礼物。

空后一句中的items和registry分别与F项中的a list of things和register呼应，故选F项。

3．解析A并列关系。

空前一句介绍的是客人可以自行选择的礼物，空后一句说明可以带食物作为礼物的原因，A项(你也可以带食物和饮品以供分享)与上下文衔接紧密，故选A项。

4．解析C转折关系。

根据空后内容可知，本段介绍了这种聚会的活动安排，空后一句中的however说明此处存在转折关系，C项(这种乔迁聚会通常没有既定的活动)符合语境，故选C项。

5．解析D对比关系。

该段说明了这一风俗习惯的由来。

空前讲到了很久以前人们送木柴作为礼物以供取暖，结合选项可知，只有D项符合语境，故选D项。

Ⅲ 语法填空
British English may have come first, but around the world, the American way of spelling is now far more popular.
An 1. ____________ (accuracy) examination of these two variants of the English language 2. ____________ (show) that publications now largely use the American version, 3. ____________ (swap) words l ike “centre” for “center” after the 1880s. According to the data, this shift 4. ____________ (strengthen) around the time of World War Ⅰ. Around 1880, 5. ____________ American English began to cross into wider use among many words, including “grey” and “flavour”， British English can be seen dwindling(缩小). After World War Ⅰ， the world also began to prefer “defense” 6. ____________ the British English version, “defence”．For many years, British English maintained 7. ____________ (it) hold on “honour”，struggling with the American version for years before the two flip­flopped(突然转向反向) in 8. ____________ (popular) around the world. However, American English was in 9. ____________ lead in the 1970s as “honor” 10. ____________ (increasing) became the more spelling of choice.
语篇导读本文介绍了由英式英语占主导到美式英语更受人欢迎这一转变。

1．accurate解析考查词性转换。

空处作定语修饰名词examination，故用形容词accurate。

2．shows解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。

此处叙述客观情况，故应用一般现在时；主语examination与show为主谓关系，应用主动语态；examination为单数形式，故谓语用单数形式。

3．swapping解析考查非谓语动词。

publications与swap构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。

4．strengthened/was strengthened解析考查时态和语态。

根据时间状语around the time of World War I可知用一般过去时；strengthen可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，故此处可以用主动语态也可以用被动语态。

5．when解析考查引导词。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示时间的Around 1880，引导词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when。

6．to解析考查介词。

prefer…to喜欢……多于……，为固定搭配。

7．its解析考查代词。

句意：多年来，英式英语保持着“honour”这一拼写形式的权威……。

hold在此作名词，意为“影响，权威”，故用形容词性物主代词its修饰。

8．popularity解析考查词性转换。

分析句子结构可知，空处应填名词，作介词in 的宾语，popularity意为“流行，受欢迎”。

9．the解析考查冠词。

in the lead占据优势，为固定搭配。

10．increasingly解析考查词性转换。

空处作状语修饰动词became，应用副词increasingly，意为“越来越多地，不断增加地”。