现代英语语法自考题-25_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

现代英语语法自考题-25
(总分90, 做题时间90分钟)
PART ONE
一、单项选择题
1.
In the room ______ a chair, a table, and a bed.
• A. there have
• B. there is
• C. there are
• D. there was
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：房间里有一把椅子，一张桌子，和一张床。

there be结构中，若句子中有几个并列的主语时，be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在数上保持一致。

本题中离得最近的名词是单数a hair，be要用单数。

而且此处表示房间目前的一种状态，要用一般现在时。

答案为B。

2.
Either Jack or I ______ to blame.
• A. to be
• B. being
• C. am
• D. are
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:C
[解析] 译文：或者杰克或者我要受到责备。

either...or...意为“或者……或者……”，其谓语动词的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。

题中离其最近的主语为I，对应的be为am。

答案为C。

3.
It ______ until dusk that he realized that it was too late to return home.
• A. was
• B. wasn't
• C. weren't
• D. were
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：直到黄昏时他才意识到太晚了而回不了家了。

本题考查句型“It is not until that...”的用法。

“It is not until that...”意为“直到……才……”。

题干that后的谓语动词为realized，表明时态为一般过去时，因此要用was。

答案为B。

4.
The government ______ best to boost production.
• A. are doing its
• B. is done its
• C. are done their
• D. is doing its
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 译文：政府正在尽最大努力提高粮食产量。

the government作主语时
谓语既可用单数(强调整体时)，也可用复数(强调个体)。

do one's best意为“尽某人最大的努力”，此处的one's指的是the government's。

而且the government和do之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，要用主动语态，B和C是被动语态；A的are和its在数上不一致。

答案为D。

5.
The young in spirit ______ the vital forces in our society.
• A. is
• B. are
• C. has been
• D. have been
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A B C D
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答案:B
[解析] 译文：在精神世界里，年轻人是我们社会的重要力量。

“the+形容词”表示一类人，其谓语要用复数形式，A和C错；本题叙述不受过去或将来时间
的限制，要用一般现在时，D错。

答案为B。

6.
The United States must look out for the rights of ______ citizens.
• A. its
• C. our
• D. we
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A B C D
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答案:A
[解析] 译文：美国必须密切关注民权。

the United States作主语，虽说看似复数，实际上是单数，因此其所有格形式也应为单数形式的its。

答莱为A。

7.
Chicken and ham stew ______ my favorite food.
• A. be
• B. are
• C. being
• D. is
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A B C D
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答案:D
[解析] 译文：鸡肉加火腿是我最喜欢吃的食物。

主语chicken and ham stew
虽然是由and连结的，但它指的是一道菜，表示单一的概念，谓语要用单数。

答案为D。

8.
Bob, rather than the clerks, gave ______ suggestions at the meeting.
• A. his
• B. her
• C. their
• D. them
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
[解析] 译文：是鲍勃而不是员工们在会上提出了建议。

本题考查主谓一致。

当主语后面跟有as well as along with，with，rather than等短语时，谓语动词要依据主语而定。

本题的主语是Bob，其谓语和宾语都要与它保持一致，要
用his。

答案为A。

9.
All work and no play ______ Jack a dull boy.
• B. makes
• C. made
• D. making
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A B C D
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答案:B
[解析] 译文：只工作不玩耍，聪明杰克(孩子)也变傻。

本题考查主谓一致。

一般用and连接并列主语，谓语动词用复数，但并列主语若指同一件事情或同一概念时，谓语要用单数。

本题中的all work和no play表示整体概念，谓语要用单数，A错。

本题叙述的是普遍真理，要用一般现在时，C错；D是非谓语。

答案为B。

10.
Bacon and scrambled eggs ______ the standard America breakfast.
• A. is to be
• B. are
• C. is
• D. are to be
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A B C D
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答案:C
[解析] 译文：卤肉炒蛋是标准的美式早餐。

bacon and scrambled eggs指的是一道菜，是意义上的单数，谓语要用单数，B和D错。

本题讲述的是客观存在，要用一般现在时，A错。

答案为C。

11.
•Neither of them who had applied for a position in **pany ______.
A. has been accepted
• B. have been accepted
• C. was accepted
• D. were accepted
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A B C D
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答案:C
[解析] 本句真正的主语是Neither of them，因此谓语应为单数形式，因此可以排除B、D。

句中出现的定语从句用的是过去完成时，因此主语应为一般过去时，由此可排除A项。

答案为C。

12.
He was neither willing to go ______.
• A. nor was he able
• B. nor he was able
• C. nor was able
• D. nor able
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 译文：他既不愿意去，也不能去。

neither A nor B意为“既不是A，也不是B”，其连接两个结构相同的成分。

本题neither后面接的是形容词willing，nor后面也要接形容词able，而且为了避免重复可以省略to go。

答案为D。

13.
Every drop of tears, every moan out of pain and every cry for help ______ like knife cutting deep into his heart.
• A. was
• B. are
• C. were
• D. is
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A B C D
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答案:D
[解析] 译文：每一滴眼泪、每一声痛苦的呻吟以及每一声求救的呼喊都像刀子一样扎进他的心里。

every (each)+名词+and+every (each)+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，因为强调的是“单一”的情况，B和C错；本题描述一般的情况，不受过去和将来时间的限制，要用一般现在时。

答案为D。

14.
Whether the Army or the Navy ______ it, it should be done soon.
• A. do
• B. will do
• C. to do
• D. does
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A B C D
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答案:D
[解析] 译文：不管陆军或海军是否愿意做，这件事情必须尽快解决。

首先分析句子结构知本题缺少谓语，C错；主句用should/will+动词原形，从句用一般现在时即可。

另外，谓语的单复数形式要采用就近原则。

这里the Navy为单数(看作整体)名词，那么后面的谓语动词要用does。

答案为D。

15.
Not only I but also Tom and Jane ______ fond of table tennis.
• A. am
• B. is
• C. are
• D. be
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:C
[解析] 译文：不仅我，而且汤姆和简也喜欢乒乓球。

not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，其谓语动词的单复数要与but also后面的名词保持一致。

本题but also后面是I and Jane，是复数，谓语也要用复数。

答案为C。

16.
The novelist and poet ______ best writer of the year.
• A. have been awarded
• B. have awarded
• C. has awarded
• D. has been awarded
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] be awarded sth. 表示“被授予……(奖)”，因此B、C项是错误的。

the novelist and poet指的是同一人，表示这个人既是小说家也是诗人，因此谓语动词要用单数形式。

答案为D。

17.
Everybody must have ______ own choice.
• A. its
• B. his
• C. her
• D. one's
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A B C D
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答案:B
[解析] 译文：每个人必须有自己的抉择。

本题的主语是everybody，没有具体指出性别，它的形容词性物主代词一般用his；one's可以指代his，her，your，its等，太广泛，不太合适。

答案为B。

18.
Physics, as well as mathematics, ______ important to us.
• A. is
• B. are
• C. being
• D. have been
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
[解析] 译文：物理，还有数学对我们来说很重要。

as well as意为“还
有”，连接两个主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数形式取决于第一个主语。

即本题的谓语取决于physics，physics是一门学科，要用单数。

答案为A。

19.
The captain, together with the crew, ______ determined not to abandon the ship until all the passengers were aboard the lifeboats.
• A. is
• B. are
• C. were
• D. was
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] together with the crew和the captain一起构成了句子的主语，但
是根据语法原则，谓语动词要和逗号前的主语保持一致。

又因为从句中出现了be动词were，因此谓语动词也要用过去式来保持一致。

答案为D。

20.
Ten dollars ______ a lot of money at that time.
• A. is
• B. was
• C. are
• D. were
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：十美元在当时是一大笔钱。

当时间、距离、金钱等作主语表示整体概念时谓语动词要用单数。

又从题干中的时间状语at that time可知要用过去时。

答案为B。

21.
Ten minutes ______ an hour when I'm depressed.
• A. seems
• B. seem
• C. seemed
• D. is seeming
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] ten minutes是一个整体时间，因此谓语动词要用单数形式，所以B项是错误的；由于句子的时态为现在时，因此C项是错误的；句子中的when表示当……的时候，主句可用进行时态表示持续的一种状况。

答案为D。

22.
Half of those books ______ best-sellers.
• A. is
• B. are
• C. am
• D. was
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：那些书中有一半是畅销书。

“half of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式由所接名词的单复数形式来决定，名词是中心词。

本题half of后接的名词是复数those books，谓语要用复数。

答案为B。

23.
Four plus three ______ seven.
• A. equals
• B. equaled
• C. equaling
• D. to equal
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
[解析] 译文：四加三等于七。

在数学等式中，动词在加法中可以用单数也可以用复数，但在减法、乘法、除法中动词则用单数。

本题缺少谓语，C、D是非谓语动词；本题陈述的是普遍真理，要用一般现在时，B错。

答案为A。

24.
The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them
______ absent for different reasons.
• A. were, was
• B. was, were
• C. was,
was
• D. were, were
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：被邀请来的人数有50，但是他们中的许多人因为各种原因而缺席。

“the number of+名词”表示“……的数量”，谓语动词要用单数；“a number of+可数名词复数”表示“大量，许多”，谓语动词要用复数。

答案为B。

25.
______ going to the exhibition.
• A. All, but he and I are
• B. All but he and I am
• C. All but him and me are
• D. All but me and him is
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:C
[解析] 译文：除了他和我以外，其他人都去展览会了。

all but意为“除……之外全都”，but是介词，其后接代词要接宾格形式。

根据题意知主语是复数含义，其谓语动词要用复数。

答案为C。

26.
There ______ to be much time left.
• A. seem
• B. seems
• C. is seeming
• D. have seemed
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：好像还剩下好长时间。

句型there seems to be意为“好像是，似乎是”。

其中动词seem有时态变化，本题中没有明显的时间状语或标志词，因此采用一般现在时即可。

答案为B。

27.
Twelve divided by three ______ four.
• A. gives
• B. give
• C. given
• D. giving
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
[解析] 译文：12除以3等于四。

在数学等式中，谓语动词在加法中可以用单数也可以用复数，但在减法、乘法、除法中要用单数。

答案为A。

28.
But nothing ______ with John Stockham's performance in Houston.
• A. **pared
• B. **pared
C. compare
• D. compares
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 译文：在休斯敦，没有什么比得上约翰·斯达克韩的表演。

compare用作不及物动词时，常与with搭配使用，意为“(可与……)相比，匹敌”。

此处compare作不及物动词，没有被动语态，A错；本题叙述的是客观事实，要用一般现在时，B错；nothing作主语时，谓语用单数。

答案为D。

29.
All I can say ______ he has always been good to me.
• A. is
• B. are
• C. was
• D. were
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:A
[解析] 译文：我所能说的就是他一直对我很好。

本题中all后有I can say修饰，指的是事，强调整体概念，谓语要用单数，B和D错；从后面的has always been知此说话为现在的时间，本空要用现在时，C错。

答案为A。

30.
Three-fourth of the surface of the earth ______ sea.
• A. was
• B. are
• C. were
• D. is
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 译文：地球表面的四分之三被海洋覆盖。

英语中分数作主语时，主要看其后接的名词是否可数，如果可数的话，谓语动词用复数，不可数则用单数。

题干中的名词为the surface of the earth，是不可数名词，因此谓语要用单数。

而且此处叙述的是客观事实，要用一般现在时。

答案为D。

31.
Knowing how to think clearly and to speak correctly ______ one confidence.
• A. give
• B. gives
• C. given
• D. giving
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：懂得如何仔细地思考并恰当地表达会使人获得自信心。

动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

本题的主语为Knowing how to think clearly and to speak correctly，只有一个分词短语，谓语用单数。

C和D
是非谓语动词，而本题缺少谓语。

答案为B。

32.
What they have done ______ useful to the people.
• A. are considered
• B. is considered
• C. have been considered
• D. will be considered
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：他们所做的事情被认为是对人们是有用。

英语中句子作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。

根据题意知此处的时态为一般现在时。

答案为B。

33.
It has been found that how close parents are to their children ______ a rather strong influence on the development of the children's character.
• A. have
• B. has
• C. having
• D. had
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：据研究调查称，父母与孩子关系是否密切对孩子性格的养成有着很大的影响。

该题是对主谓一致的考查。

由what，how，where等引导的主语从句做主语时，谓语一般要用单数形式。

答案为B。

34.
I'm afraid ______ nothing I can do about it.
• A. it is
• B. there are
• C. that is
• D. there is
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 译文：恐怕对于此事我无能为力。

从题意知此处要用there be表示存在，而且there be的谓语动词要与其后的名词在人称和数上保持一致。

当nothing，something，anything等不定代词作句子主语时，谓语要用单数。

答案为D。

35.
What she wanted from him ______ just promises at that time.
• A. is
• B. are
• C. was
• D. were
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 一般情况下，主语为一个分句时，谓语用单数形式，但是当分句隐含的是复数的意义时，就要遵循意义一致的原则了。

句中的表语promises是复数形式，因此可以推测出主语表达是复数的意义，所以谓语动词的形式应为复数。

同时，at that time显示出时态应为一般过去时，因此D项符合。

答案为D。

36.
This is the best of the automobiles that ______ in working order.
• A. is
• B. had
• C. are
• D. have
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:C
[解析] 译文：这是处于行驶状态中的汽车中最好的一辆。

本题中定语从句的先行词为复数the automobiles，从句的谓语也要用复数。

be in...order意为“处于……状态”，是固定用法。

答案为C。

37.
George is one of the brightest students who ______ from New York University.
• A. is graduated
• B. have graduated
• C. has graduated
• D. had graduated
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:B
[解析] 译文：乔治是纽约大学毕业生中的最聪明的学生之一。

“one+of+复数名词”结构后的定语从句中的谓语动词一般根据实际情况与主语或one of后的复数名词一致。

根据题意知who引导的定语从句的先行词为students。

graduate发生在is之前，要用现在完成时。

答案为B。

38.
•The subject of these lectures ______ by the **mittee.
A. is announces
• B. have been announced
• C. are announced
• D. has been announced
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A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 译文：这些演讲的主题已经被演讲委员会宣布了。

本题的主语是the subject of these lectures，其中心词为the subject，of短语只是说明subject的性质，谓语要与the subject保持人称和数上的一致；the subject of these lectures与announce之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处要用被动语态。

答案为D。

39.
The owner and the captain decided to abandon ______ burning ship.
• A. his
• B. her
• C. their
• D. theirs
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:C
[解析] 本题考查代词照应一致。

译文：主人和船长决定放弃他们着火的船。

本题中的主语为the owner and the captain，是复数，burning ship指的是
the owner and the captain的，因此要用their。

A、B为单数，D为名词性的物主代词，相当于their burning ship。

答案为C。

40.
Prof. Wang and I went to the U.S. together. ______ stayed there three weeks.
• A. He
• B. I
• C. They
• D. We
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 译文：王教授和我一起去了美国。

我们在那里待了三周。

后句的主语为Prof. Wang and I，是复数，要用we。

答案为D。

41.
Neither of the brothers ______ much meat, but they do eat poultry.
• A. eat
• B. eating
• C. ate
• D. eats
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
A B C D
分值: 1
答案:D
[解析] 译文：这兄弟俩都不怎么吃猪肉，但是他们吃家禽肉。

“neither of+名词复数”意为“两者都不……”，谓语要用单数。

本题缺少谓语，B是非谓
语动词；C是过去式，但是从题干的do eat知本题要用现在时。

答案为D。

PART TWO
二、填空题
1.
have, has, had, will have, shall have
A. She is the only one of the factory who ______ been laid up.
B. This is the only family in **munity who ______ different opinions while making up the mind.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:has, have
[解析] 译文：她是工厂里唯一一个被解雇的人。

这是社区唯一一个在作决定时有不同看法的家庭。

这两句都是定语从句，第一句的先行词是the only
one(也就是主语she)，是单数，从句的谓语动词也要用单数；第二句中的先行词是the only family，而且从从句知此处的family强调家庭成员，从句谓语动词要用复数。

答案为has，have。

2.
is, are, was, were, itself, himself, themselves
The family ______ enjoying ______ immensely at the Spring Festival dinner party.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:were, themselves
[解析] 译文：这一家人在春节晚宴上玩得极其尽兴。

family一词作整体讲时，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式，做个体讲，强调一个个家庭成员，谓语动词用复数形式。

题中family应指第二种情况，相对应地，enjoy后的反身代词就应为themselves，构成人称的一致。

又因为该题主要叙述这一家人玩得高兴程度，时态应为一般过去时。

答案为were，themselves。

3.
were, was, had, animal, animals
Small amounts of land ______ used for keeping ______.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:was, animals
[解析] 译文：一小块地被用来饲养动物。

主语中含有不确定数量的不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数，而饲养动物应为keep animals/an animal。

答案为was，animals。

4.
is, are, was, were, will be, are going to be, have, has, had While the conditions of the poor ______ brought to his
attention, he discovered, much to his chagrin, that the abstract
______ not the solution, as this had occurred time and again.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:were, was
[解析] 译文：当他认真考虑了穷人的情况时，他感到非常痛苦，因为纯粹的理论并不是解决问题的方法，因为这样的事情已经发生多次了。

the conditions 做主语，为复数形式，因此第一空应该用复数，而brought已经暗示出是过去时，所以用were；abstract为抽象名词，与the连用时，谓语应为was。

答案为were，was。

5.
is, are, was, were, itself, himself, themselves
The trade union ______ believed to regard ______ as an organization where the molested could seek advice and help.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:was, itself
[解析] 从单词could可以断定句子为过去时，主语the trade union和动词believed之间构成动宾结构，因此主句应为被动语态，应选用was；an organization指的就是the trade union，因此regard后面应填反身代词itself。

答案为was，itself。

6.
is, are, was, were, will be, are going to be, have, has, had The beautiful ______ something that the innocent ______ not always able to appreciate fully.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:are, are
[解析] the+形容词指代的是一类人群或事物，同理the beautiful和the innocent也分别指代不同的两类人，而且句中有something出现，说明二者代表的是具体的“人群”的概念，因此谓语动词都要选用复数形式。

答案为
are，are。

7.
preferred, prefers, is, are, was, were, will be, shall be
During the holiday week, one-third of the students in our class
______ prepared to stay on campus for study while around ten percent of them ______ some more sleep at home.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:were, preferred
[解析] 译文：在周末假期期间，三分之一的学生准备留在学校学习，大约百分之十的学生更愿意在家补充睡眠。

从整体来理解，本句选用过去时态比较合适。

“三分之一的学生”为复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式，即were；由于句子为过去时态，动词prefer也要选用其过去式，即preferred。

答案为were，preferred。

8.
is, are, has, have, having
The average British family, which ______ smaller and richer than 50 years ago, ______ 3.6 members.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:is, has
[解析] 译文：一般的英国家庭成员为3.6个，比50年前的家庭规模更小，但是更加富裕。

本句为一般性的叙述性描写，并没有拿每个一般的家庭来与50年前的家庭做比较，而是取一个日常的单位家庭来进行比较，因此主语the average British family为单数的概念，因此谓语动词也应用单数形式。

答案为is，has。

9.
constitutes, constitute
The golden foliage ______ a beautiful scene of autumn.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:constitutes
[解析] foliage意为叶子，尤其是树的叶子，通常作为一个整体概念，因此谓语动词应用单数形式。

答案为constitutes。

10.
were, was, had, propaganda, propagandas
Large amounts of money ______ spent on ______.
分值: 1
答案:was, propaganda
[解析] 金钱做主语时其谓语动词用单数，又因为与spent形成被动形式，所以选was；由于propaganda为不可数名词，所以不可在其后加s。

答案为was，propaganda。

11.
was, were, have, having, has
A. Many a soldier ______ been critically injured in the struggle.
B. A number of people ______ present at the meeting.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:has, were
[解析] A．本题主要考查主谓一致。

many a+名词做主语时，其谓动词用单数。

根据题干中的injured，所以选has。

B．a number of+名词作主语时，其谓语动词用复数，根据题意，选were。

答案为has，were。

12.
is, are, will be, have, had
A. Mrs. Stevens, along with her cousins from New Mexico, ______ planning to attend the festivities.
B. It's the second time I ______ been here.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:is, have
[解析] A．尽管句子中有along with，但真正的主语只是Mrs. Stevens，所以谓语动词应用单数；be doing sth. 为一种特殊的将来时，因此答案为is。

B．本题主要考查It is the time+that的用法。

主句为一般现在时，从句用现在完成时。

答案为is，have。

13.
believed , was believed, were believed, are, was, were
What ______ to be aliens from outer space ______ actually several sheep going astray.
分值: 1
答案:were believed, were
[解析] 主句的真正的主语是several sheep，因此谓语动词要用复数形式were；前面的主语从句意为“被相信是外星人”，因此要用被动语态，并且在形式上和主语保持一致。

答案为were believed，were。

14.
is, was, are, scissors, scissor, scissores
There ______ some ______ in the desk drawer in the bed room if you need them.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:are, scissors
[解析] 译文：如果你有需要的话，卧室的桌子抽屉里有一些剪刀。

由两个相等部分组成的工具，属于复数形式。

题干中的scissors只能以复数形式出现；在there be句型中，be要与其后离它最近的名词保持一致，本题要与scissors 保持一致。

答案为are，scissors。

15.
is, are, were, am
A. Curry and rice ______ my favorite dish.
B. Poultry ______ less expensive in the rural areas.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:is, are
[解析] and连接两个名词作主语时，谓语一般用复数；但当两个名词指同一个概念或同一事物时，谓语用单数。

A．译文：咖喱饭是我最喜欢吃的。

curry and rice指的是咖喱饭，是一种食物，谓语要用单数；B．译文：在乡下家禽比较便宜。

poultry意为“家禽”，一般当做复数来用，谓语要用复数。

答案为is，are。

三、改错题
1.
Her family is looking for her anxiously.
SSS_FILL
答案:is→are
[解析] 译文：她的家人正在焦急地寻找她。

family是集合名词，若作主语，当其被看做整体时，谓语要用单数；当其强调家庭成员时，谓语要用复数。

根据题意知此处的family指的是个体家庭成员，谓语要用复数。

答案为
is→are。

2.
The influence of the nation's literature, art, and science have captured widespread attention.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:have→has
[解析] 译文：这个国家的文学、艺术、科学影响力都得到了广泛的关注。

分析句子结构知本题的主语是the influence，而非literature，art，and science，谓语要用单数。

答案为have→has。

3.
Brown bread and butter are usually eaten with smoked salmon.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:are→is
[解析] Brown bread and butter是指面包夹黄油，为单数意义，因此谓语动词应为单数形式。

答案为are→is。

4.
Eight hours of sleep are enough.
SSS_FILL
分值: 1
答案:are→is
[解析] 译文：八个小时的睡眠时间足够了。

当表示时间的名词作句子主语时，要将其看作整体，谓语要用单数。

答案为are→is。

5.
What we need is qualified teachers.
SSS_FILL
答案:is→are
[解析] 译文：我们所需要的就是资深教师。

what引导主语从句时，谓语动词
可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数。

题干中的表语是qualified teachers是复数，动词也要用复数。

答案为is→are。

四、简答题
1.
Explain the three principles of concord with examples.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI
分值: 4
答案:
There are three principles governing subject-verb concord. They are grammatical, notional and proximity. For example:
Everybody is happy with the decision.
The audience were brought to their feet at the sight of Superman in his wheelchair.
Either you or I am responsible for the mistake.
In the first sentences IS is used to agree with singular subject Everybody, so grammatical principle is followed. In the second sentence WERE is used because the subject AUDIENCE is plural in meaning, so notional principle is followed. In the last sentence AM
is used because the subject close to it is I, so the last principle
is followed.
2.
What is the chief difference between singular and plural?
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI
分值: 4
答案:
The chief difference between singular and plural: Whether a
collective noun is used as a singular or plural reflects a difference whether the group is considered as single undivided body or as a collection of individuals. Generally speaking, the singular lays emphasis on the non-personal collectivity of the group while the plural on the personal individuality within the group.
3.
Explain the principle of proximity of concord with examples.
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI
答案:
The principle of proximity denotes "agreement of the verb with a closely preceding noun phrase in preference to agreement with the head of the noun phrase that functions as subject". For example: Neither my wife nor I am coming to the ceremony.
Not only the players but also the coach was responsible for the defeat.
4.
When do we apply the grammatical principle or the notional principle if the subject contains a quantifier?
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI
分值: 4
答案:
If the subject contains a quantifier, we must distinguish subjects as animate nouns from those as inanimate nouns. When quantifiers modify animate nouns, they **ply with the grammatical principle of concord. Inanimate nouns, however, refer to lifeless objects, so they are formally plural but notionally singular. In mathematical equations, both number alternatives are acceptable with addition but the
singular verb is generally used with subtraction, multiplication and division.
Similarly, the grammatical principle usually works with indefinite determiners such as all, any, half, no and some depending on the number of the head word which they modify. But most of such determiners may also function as pronouns which have both countable and uncountable uses. We have to resort to the notional principle for concord of the verb with these pronouns.
5.
Do we always use the singular verb with a clausal subject? Why?
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI
分值: 4
答案:
No. Generally, a one-clause subject takes the singular verb and two-clause subject, the plural verb. The notional principle of concord applies if the context suggests the plurality of a one-clause subject.
6.
How to keep concord in the existential sentence?
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI
分值: 4
答案:
Concord in the existential sentence **plies with the notional principle: the verb agrees with the notional subject. Though a dummy slot filler, there stands in the regular position of the subject and actually functions as the formal subject at that. Therefore, in spite of the general disapproval, we have to put up with the singular verb in concord with the formal subject there.
7.
Why is there a general preference of a plural personal pronoun with reference to a singular indefinite pronoun as its antecedent (e.g. everyone, anyone, etc.)?
SSS_TEXT_QUSTI
分值: 5
答案:
Traditionally, the masculine third person singular pronoun
he/him/his/himself used to be regarded as the unmarked form when the gender is not determined, but not any more. Because the clumsiness of this alternative will go beyond limit if the pronouns have to be repeated and this method might arouse negative feelings in the modern sensitive listeners. So one way to solve these problems is to use a plural third person pronoun where possible in reference to the indefinite pronouns everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, etc.
1。