汽车专业英语 4-2 body construction

decimeter
Automotive Handbook
Body structure
ØUnitized (self-supporting) body
(Standard design)
The conventional unitized (self-supporting) body is built up of hollow sheet-steel components onto which body panels are welded by welding robots or in multi-spot welding units. Individual parts can also be glued in position. Depending upon vehicle type, roughly 5000 spot welds must be made along a total flange length of 120...200 m. The flange widths are 10...18 mm. Other parts (front fenders, doors, hood and luggagecompartment lid) are bolted to the supporting structure of the body. Other types of body construction include frame and sandwich designs.
Dimensional layout depends upon body shape, type of drive, scope of aggregate equipment, desired interior size, luggage compartment volume and other considerations such as driving comfort, driving safety and operating safety. Seating positions are designed in accordance with ergonomic findings and with the aid of templates or 3D CAD dummy models (DIN, SAE, RAMSIS).
A separate frame must be light yet strong enough to resist the various loads and road forces. Commercial vehicles normally use a separate steel frame to provide the rigidity needed to support the various loads. The two long side members of channel section are riveted to a number of cross members to give a low weight frame which offers great resistance to bending, twisting.
üBody stresses due to accidents
In the event of a collision, the body must be capable of transforming as much kinetic energy as possible into deformation work while minimizing deformation of the vehicle interior.
分离式车架必须足够轻巧而且结实，以承受变化的载荷和 路面作用力。商用车通常使用分离式钢质车架，以满足各 种载荷对刚度的要求。两根槽形的长纵梁铆接着许多横梁， 这使车架重量较轻，具有较好的抗弯和抗扭能力。
Most cars use a unitized body construction, a combined body and frame. Unitized body construction is lighter than body/frame construction, but noisier. Rubber mounts are used between the body section and mechanical parts to absorb vibrations. The floor pan is made of sections that support the rear suspension and the transmission.
Automotive Handbook
üRigidity
Torsional and bending rigidity should be as high as possible in order to minimize elastic deformation of the apertures for the doors, hood and luggage-compartment lid. The effect of body rigidity on the vibrational characteristics of the vehicle must be taken into consideration.
The space required by the rear axle as well as location and shape of the fuel tank primarily determine the rear seating arrangement (height of the seating reference point, rear seating room, head-room) and thus the shape of the roof rear portion.
Automotive Handbook
Main dimensions
ØInterior-dimensions
The passenger-compartment width is dependent on the projected exterior width, the shape of the sides (curvature) and the space required for door mechanisms, passive restraint systems and various assemblies (propellor-shaft tunnel, exhaust system)
Automotive Handbook
Body materials
ØSheet steel
Sheet steel of various grades (see Vehicle-body sheet metal is customarily used for the vehicle body structure. Sheet thicknesses range from 0.6 ... 3,0 mm, with most pieces being between 0.75 and 1.0 mm thick. Due to the mechanical properties of steel with regard to stiffness, strength, economy and ductility, alternative materials for the vehicle body structure are not yet available. High Strength low-alloy (HSLA) sheet steel is used for highlystressed structural components. The resulting high strength of these components allows their thickness to be reduced.
ØLuggage-compartment dimensions
The size and shape of the luggage compartment are dependent on the design of the rear of the vehicle, the position of the fuel tank and its volume, the position of the spare wheel and the location of the main muffler.
üOperational integrity
Alternating stresses which can affect the body as the vehicle is driven can lead to incipient structural cracks or weld failure. Areas which are particularly susceptible are the bearing points of the running gear, the steering system and engine units.
两根槽形的长纵梁铆接着许多横梁这使车架重量较轻具有较好的抗弯和抗扭能力
汽车专业英语 Specialty English for Auction
separate frame construction unitized body construction semi-integral body construction
Automotive Handbook
Body structure
1 Cross member under windshield, 2 Roof frame, front, 3 Roof frame, side, 4 Roof frame, rear, 5 C-pillar, 6 Rear-facing panel, 7 Rear floor and sparewheel pan, 8 Side member, rear, 9 B-pillar, 10 Cross member under rear seat, 11 A-pillar, 12 Cross member under driver's seat, 13 Side member, 14 Wheel well, 15 Engine-support cross member, 16 Side member, front, 17 Cross member, front, 18 Radiator cross member.
Luggage-compartment capacity is determined in accordance with DIN-ISO 3832 or, more commonly, with the VDA method using the VDA unit module (a right parallelepiped with dimensions of 200 x 100 x 50 mm – corresponds to a volume of 1 dm3).
多数汽车采用整体式车身，即车身和车架组合在一起。整 体式车身比车身/车架式结构质量轻，但噪声大。在车身 部分和机械部件之间安装橡胶块以吸收振动。地板由一些 支撑后悬架和变速器的部件组成。
1 Vehicle bodies passenger vehicle Main dimensions
ØInterior-dimensions