高中英语第三册(全一册)Unit 2 Crossing limits 知识要点

高中英语第三册(全一册)Unit 2 Crossing limits 知识要点
1.various adj. 各种各样的，不同的
He analysed the various factors.
他分析了各种不同因素。

Of all the various ways of cooking an egg,I like boiling best.
在所有做鸡蛋的各种方法中，我最喜欢煮的方法。

various,varied都可作“各种各样的”解，大部分情况下可通用，但varied可表示“正在变化之中的”，如：a varied life。

2.in the name of 以……的名义，代表
I arrest you in the name of the law.
我以法律的名义逮捕你。

The prime minister spoke in the name of the King.
部长代表国王讲话。

I opened an account in the bank in your name.
我以你的名义在银行开了一个账号。

name构成的短语：
by name用（靠、按）名字，名叫；by the name of名叫……；of the name of名字叫……；name after 以……命名
3.accurate adj.精确的，准确的，正确无误的
His information was accurate.
他的信息很准确。

accurate强调“精确无误”。

如：
an accurate calculation精确的计算
correct按一定标准没有差错。

如：
a correct answer正确的答案
right很多情况下可与correct互换，但常有道德上认可的含义，如：
the right course of action正确的行动方针
4.suggest vt.
（1）提议，建议。

后跟动名词、that从句（从句中谓语动词用should do,should可省略）
suggest sth.to sb.
He suggested the idea to me.
他向我提出那种想法。

I suggest going there at once.
我建议立刻去那里。

The teacher suggested that we do our homework now.
老师建议我们现在就做作业。

（2）使人想起，暗示
His pale face suggests that he is ill.
他的苍白的脸色表明他病了。

5.accomplish vt.达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划）
This task is accomplished by great effort.
完成这项任务花了很大力气。

He accomplished a great deal during his first year.
第一年他就取得了很多成绩。

It is the workers who will accomplish this task.
就是工人们将完成这项任务。

accomplish指做到底，实现一个计划，如：
to accomplish a trip完成一次旅行
finish指完成日常的事，如：
He finished the homework.他完成了作业。

complete指加上缺少的部分，如：
to complete the sentence把句子补充完整
6.apart from 除……外
He works until nine o’clock every evening,and that’s quite apart from the work he does over the weekend.
他每天晚上工作到9点,这还不算他周末加班。

Apart from the salary,it’s not a bad job.
除工资（偏低）外，这工作不错。

Apart from you and me,I don’t think there was anyone there under thirty.
除你我之外，我认为没有人在30岁以下。

There can be no knowledge apart from practice.
不可能有脱离实践的知识。

归纳拓展：apart from in addition（to）besides as well（as）except for except but （1）apart from这个复合介词兼有“除外”和“包括”的双重意义。

（2）以下短语或单词意义相近，均表示“除……之外还有……”这一“附加”意义。

in addition（to） besides as well （as）
（3）以下短语或单词均表示“除……之外没有……”这一“排除”意义。

except for except but
7.arise vi.出现，发生；由……引起，由……发生
A difficulty arose right here.
困难就在这里。

How did the quarrel arise?
这次争吵是怎么引起的？
Originally,organic compounds were thought to arise from life processes.
最初有机化合物是由生命过程产生的。

rise vi.升起，上涨；raise vt.举起，提高，提升，提出；饲养（羊、鸡等），抚养（子女等），招募（军队等），募捐（钱等）。

8.in exchange for交换，互换
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.
他给我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。

They were given food and shelter in exchange for work.
他们用劳动换取食物和栖身之处。

9.bring up教育；养育;提出；引出;呕吐；to bring up the question提出问题
She was brought up by her grandparents.
她是由爷爷奶奶带大的。

He brought up all the food he had eaten.
他把吃下的食物都呕吐出来了。

归纳拓展：bring in获利；赚;bring about带来,引起;bring down使……降低
The boys bring in ￡60 a week.
这些男孩子每周赚60镑。

How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?
去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入?
The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work.
因特网使我们的工作方式发生了很大变化。

We’d better wait till they bring down their prices.
我们最好等他们降价。

run out of 用光，用尽
We are running out of water.
我们的水要用尽了。

We ran out of petrol yesterday.
昨天我们用光了汽油。

比较：All our supply of food has run out.
我们所有的食品供应都用光了。

We decided we had better go home,before our money ran out.
我们决定最好在钱用光之前回家。

表示“用光、用尽”的还有：use up,give out
All those I had are used up.
我所有的都用光了。

They have used up their money.
他们用光了钱。

The fuel gave out.燃料用光了。

You can’t have a hot bath—the water will give out.
你不能洗热水澡了。

要没水了。

从以上例子可看出，虽然这些词组都表示“用光、用完”，但use up,run out of 为及物动词，而run out,give out为不及物动词。

归纳拓展:run into遇上，偶然遇到;陷于，碰上（困境、麻烦等）
I ran into Emma on my way home.
我在回家的路上碰到了Emma。

If you run into difficulties,try to overcome them.
如遇困难，要努力去克服。

资料选摘
Legends about Zheng He’s 7 voyages
In the year 1480,confusion courtiers ransacked imperial archives;they sought to destroy every trace of one of the Ming dynasty’s greatest achievements.There are lots of books of Star fleet,the greatest armada of wooden ships ever assembled were consigned to the flames.From the smoke and ashes of that fire,came a mystery that would tantalize the world.Just how far had China’s imperial fleet pushed the boundaries of known world.Could it have even reached America before Christopher Columbus?
A remarkable man stands at the heart of this great mystery.His name was Zheng He.Still revered
as god in parts of the east,once a hero in China.The most powerful of the court Unix,his royalty and battles brought him great rewards.
The emperor made him admiral of the Ming fleet.In 30 tumultuous years his fleet with 300 ships and some 28 000 men undertook 7 epic voyages.Until recently that saga was neglected,and little known outside China.But in China some traditional storytellers have never forgotten the heroic exploits of the great Zheng He.
For years,Zheng He’s grave lay virtually unnoticed,tended only by his family in Nanking.“For almost 600 years,the family came here quietly with no fuss.There were few people even knew the tomb was here.”
The full extent of Zheng He’s 7 voyages is now subjective intense interest and controversy.“Of course he was to lose his life in the 7th voyage;his tomb contains nothing but his clothes and shoes”.So much has been lost and destroyed.But Zheng He’s story can be pieced together from inscriptions on the stone tablets here erected.Other fragments of information survived the provincial archives and imperial decrees in an official history,as well as a few surviving maps and a memores of a translator who sailed with the fleet.。