高中英语 Module 6 The World's Cultural Heritage Sec

Section Ⅲ Grammar —虚拟语气和
状语从句
语法图解
探究发现
①They have recommended that the site be closed and repaired.
②They have suggested that the general public be encouraged to help with the problem.
③A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise money.
④Mary speaks as if she were Chinese.
⑤It's high time that we should have/had a rest.
⑥As long as you've got a raincoat, you'll be OK.
⑦Just stay where you are and don't move.
⑧Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.
⑨Whatever happens, you're going to have a marvelous time.
⑩The little child eats whatever we give him.
[我的发现]
(1)以上句中，①～⑤句谓语动词均使用了虚拟语气。

①、②、③从句中用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。

(2)⑥～⑧句中黑体部分分别引导条件、地点、让步状语从句。

(3)由⑧句可知，as引导让步状语从句时，句子要采用倒装语序。

(4)⑨句中黑体部分引导让步状语从句，⑩句中引导名词性从句。

一、虚拟语气
虚拟语气用于宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，常可表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等，其虚拟语气往往是由“(should＋)动词原形”构成。

1．宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)一般用法
在表示命令、建议、劝告、欲望、要求、主张这一类动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可以省略。

这类动词有suggest(建议), insist(坚
持要求), demand, request, desire, order, advise, propose, command, recommend 等。

She suggested that we (should ) start off early the next day.
她建议我们第二天早点出发。

The doctor insisted the patient (should ) be sent to hospital immediately. 医生坚决要求这个病人立刻被送往医院。

The boss requested that the secretary (should ) type out the plan in five minutes. 老板要求秘书在五分钟内把计划打印出来。

The worker recommended that the machine (should ) be checked once a week. 工人建议这台机器应该一周检查一次。

[名师点津]
①当suggest 表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist 表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist 后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。

②表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等的名词后面接同位语从句、表语从句时，从句中谓语用should ＋动词原形，should 可以省略。

(2)wish 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词主要有三种形式：
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 虚拟过去：从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”虚拟现在：从句谓语用一般过去时，be 动词通常用were 虚拟将来：从句谓语形式为“would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”
We wish we had studied more hard when at school.
我们上学时能学习再努力一点就好了。

I wish I were taller.
我的个子要是再高一点儿就好了。

I wish I could fly.
我要是能飞就好了。

I wish he would try again.
我希望他能再试一次。

(3)would rather 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语主要有两种形式：
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 虚拟现在或将来：did be 动词一般用were 虚拟过去：had done
I would rather you came to see me tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来看我。

I would rather you hadn't told me the fact.
我宁愿你没有告诉我实情。

[即时演练1]
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①They wish that prices would decline (decline)．
②He ordered that the students (should) wash (wash) the clothes every week by themselves.
③I'd rather you didn't make (not, make) any comment on the issue for the time being.
④(陕西高考改编)My mom suggests that we(should) eat (eat) out for a change this weekend.
(2)完成句子
①He insisted that I had read his letter.
他坚持说我看过他的信。

②He insisted that I (should) see the film.
他坚持要我看看那部电影。

③He su ggested that we (should) stay for dinner.
他建议我们留下吃饭。

④What he said suggested that he was a cheat.
他说的话表明他是一个骗子。

2．主语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在It is/was suggested (requested, required, ordered, proposed, decided, etc.) that ... 句型中，it是形式主语，从句常用虚拟语气，谓语为“(should＋)动词原形”。

It is required that the students (should) wear school uniforms at school.
学校要求学生在学校必须穿校服。

It is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children.
人们建议父母应该花更多的时间和孩子在一起。

(2)It is/was important/necessary/natural/strange/a pity/no wonder ... ＋that sb. should do ...
It is a pity that he should fail to pass the driving test.
真遗憾他竟然没有通过驾驶测试。

It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
我们有必要事先做好准备。

It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rules of school.
重要的是学生都能了解校规。

[即时演练2]
(1)完成句子
①It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
要求任何人不要在此抽烟。

②It is important that enough money (should) be collected to fund the project.
重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。

③It's suggested that we (should) take good care of the patient.
有人建议我们应该照顾好病人。

(2)句型转换
①It is important for teenagers to learn skills.
→It is important that teenagers should learn skills.
②People required that the earth should be protected well.
→It is required that the earth should be protected well.
3．表语从句中的虚拟语气
基本结构：(表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的)名词＋be＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形
The doctor's advice was that you (should) give up smoking.
医生的建议是你应该戒烟。

4．同位语从句中的虚拟语气
基本结构：(表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的)名词＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形
The young man followed his doctor's advice that he (should) give up drinking.
那个年轻人接受了医生让他戒酒的建议。

[名师点津] 表语从句和同位语从句中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词有advice,
desire, order, proposal, recommendation, request, plan, idea, requirement, suggestion, demand等。

[即时演练3]
(1)完成句子
①His order is that the problem (should) be solved at once (问题应马上解决)．
②My suggestion is that we (should) hold a meeting tonight (今晚我们应该开个会)．
③We followed his advice that we (should) ask our teacher for help (我们应该请求老师帮忙)．
④His demand is that we (should) do our work more carefully (我们做工作应该更细心些)．
(2)单句改错
①His father ga ve an order that he keeps a diary in English every day.keeps→keep
②I made a suggestion that he will put an advertisement in the local paper.will→should或去掉will
③Our desire is that the match will be put off. will→should或去掉will
④One of the requirements for a fire is that the material must be heated to its burning temperature.must→should或去掉must
5．在as if/though 引导的从句中的虚拟语气
现在好像是春天似的。

She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.
她看上去对此一无所知。

6．It's (high) time ...句式中的虚拟语气
在It is (high) time ...句式中，time后的从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”。

It is time we did/should do something for our country.
到了我们该为国家做些事情的时候了。

It is high time you cleaned/should clean the classroom.
到了你该打扫教室的时候了。

[即时演练4] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①They talked about the city as though they had been (be) there before.
②John pretends as if he didn't know (not, know) the thing at all.
③It's high time that we got/should get (get) down to our work.
④That tree looks as if it wasn't watered (not, water) for a long time.
⑤It's time that people paid/should pay (pay) attention to the environment.
⑥(辽宁高考改编)Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he did/should do something instead of just talking.
二、状语从句
状语从句是在复合句中作状语的从句，本单元主要讲的是地点状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句。

1．地点状语从句
地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾，常用where, wherever等引导。

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.
在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本是不可能的。

You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。

[名师点津] where表示特指的某个地方；wherever表示泛指任何地方。

[即时演练5] 选词填空(where, wherever)/句型转换
①He must go wherever we send him.
②Make a mark where you have a question.
③(重庆高考改编)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.
④We must camp in the place, where we can get water.
→We must c amp where we can get water.
2．条件状语从句
条件状语从句可置于句首或句尾，常用if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that等引导。

If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去远足。

I will not go to the party unless he goes there, too.
除非他也去，否则，我也不会去参加聚会的。

You can go out to play as long as you stay in the backyard.
只要不出后院，你就可以出去玩。

In case you need something, please don't hesitate to let me know.
如果你需要什么东西，请告诉我，别客气。

[即时演练6] 连词填空
①You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far away from the river bank.
②You may borrow the book so/as long as you keep it clean.
③(湖南高考改编)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.
④If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
3．让步状语从句
常见引导词有though, while(一般位于句首)，although, even if/even though, as, no matter＋疑问词等。

My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even though he's in his nineties.(2016·北京高考)
我爷爷尽管已经九十多岁了，仍然不时地打打网球。

Although birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017·北京高考)
虽然鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。

No matter how (＝However) difficult it is, I will overcome it.
无论它多么难，我都会克服它。

[名师点津] (1)as引导让步状语从句需倒装，将表语、状语或部分谓语提前；表语是名词时，其前不带冠词；though引导的状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。

(2)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句；疑问词＋ever既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句。

[即时演练7]
(1)连词填空
①However/No matter how pure the water looks, I do not want to drink it.
②Whether you believe it or not, it's true.
③Although/Though he was exhausted, he kept on working.
④Object as/though you may, I'll go.
⑤We won't be discouraged even if/though we fail ten times.
(2)句型转换
①Though she is a pop star, she still needs to improve.
→Pop star as/though she is, she still needs to improve.
②Whatever you say, I'll never change my mind.
→ No matter what you say, I'll never change my mind.
③No matter who you are, you must k eep the law.
→Whoever you are, you must keep the law.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They made an requirement that we (should) accompany (accompany) them on the trip.
2．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused (focus) more on its culture.
3．It's important that he (should) ask (ask) advice of other people about his work.
4．One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one's schedule is in life.
5．Although/Though life is full of ups and downs, where there is life, there is hope.
6．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
7．Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
8．Unless we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.
9．You can borrow my car as/so long as you promise not to drive too fast.
10．It is high time we studied/should study (study) harder.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

2．Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
如果你不太累，我们出去散散步。

3．Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。

4．Whether you believe it or not, it is really true.
信不信由你，这确实是真的。

5．Whatever happened, he would not mind.
不管发生什么，他不在意。

6．The meeting will be put off in case it rains.
万一下雨，会议就要延期。

7．Although/Though he was worn out, he kept on working.
虽然他已经筋疲力尽了，但仍然继续工作。

8．We'll start our project if the president agrees.
如果总经理同意的话，我们将开始我们的项目。

9．I recommend that you buy the book.
我建议你买这本书。

10．He proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting.
他提议，下次会议再研究此事。

Ⅲ.短文改错
My neighbor Li Hai is going to graduate college soon and he hasn't found the job yet. He was once advising to learn computer skills, so he thought it was difficult. When he saw others learning English, he shook his head, says it was too hard to remember the new word. He enjoyed watching TV, playing cards, smoking and so on. He felt it was hard for him to give up all this habits. Not long ago, he went to look for a job. When he knew that talents were great needed, he sighed and regretted the time that what he had wasted. How he wished he has worked hard in college!
答案：第一句：graduate后加from; the→a
第二句：advising→advised; so→but
第三句：says→saying; word→words
第五句：this→these
第七句：great→greatly; 去掉what 第八句：has→had。