中考英语科学实验的探究与创新方法单选题40题

中考英语科学实验的探究与创新方法单选题40题
1. In a chemistry experiment, we use a ____ to measure the volume of a liquid accurately.
A. test tube
B. beaker
C. graduated cylinder
D. flask
答案：C。

解析：本题考查科学实验中测量液体体积的仪器。

A选项test tube（试管）主要用于少量试剂的反应容器，不能准确测量液体体积；B选项beaker（（烧杯）可用于盛装液体、配制溶液等，但测量体积不够精确；C选项graduated cylinder（量筒）是专门用于准确测量液体体积的仪器，符合题意；D选项flask（（烧瓶）常用于加热、反应等，不是测量体积的仪器。

2. When we are doing an experiment to observe the growth of plants, we need to use a ____ to provide light for them.
A. microscope
B. lamp
C. telescope
D. magnifying glass
答案：B。

解析：本题考查植物生长实验中的仪器。

A选项microscope（显微镜）用于观察微小的物体，如细胞等，与给植物提供光照无关；B选项lamp（（灯）可以为植物生长提供光，符合实验需
求；C选项telescope（（望远镜）用于观察远处的物体，不用于植物生长实验；D选项magnifying glass（（放大镜）用于放大物体，不能提供光照。

3. In a physics experiment about heat transfer, we often use a ____ to heat substances.
A. thermometer
B. Bunsen burner
C. balance
D. stopwatch
答案：B。

解析：本题考查物理热传递实验中的加热仪器。

A选项thermometer（（温度计）是用来测量温度的，不是加热仪器；B选项Bunsen burner（（本生灯）是常用的加热设备，可用于加热物质，符合题意；C选项balance（（天平）用于称量物质的质量，与加热无关；D 选项stopwatch（秒表）用于计时，不是加热工具。

4. For an experiment to study the solubility of a salt, we will use a ____ to stir the solution.
A. spatula
B. stirrer
C. funnel
D. dropper
答案：B。

解析：本题考查溶解实验中的搅拌工具。

A选项spatula （药匙）主要用于取用固体药品，不能用于搅拌；B选项stirrer（搅
拌棒）是专门用于搅拌溶液的工具，符合要求；C选项funnel（（漏斗）用于过滤或转移液体等操作，不是搅拌工具；D选项dropper（（滴管）用于滴加少量液体，不能搅拌。

5. In a biology experiment to examine cells, we must use a ____ to magnify the cells.
A. test tube rack
B. Petri dish
C. microscope
D. centrifuge
答案：C。

解析：本题考查生物细胞观察实验中的仪器。

A选项test tube rack（（试管架）用于放置试管，与放大细胞无关；B选项Petri dish（（培养皿）用于培养微生物等，不能放大细胞；C选项microscope （显微镜）是专门用于放大细胞等微小物体的仪器，符合题意；D选项centrifuge（离心机）用于分离混合物，不是用于放大细胞的。

6. When conducting an experiment on electricity, we need a ____ to connect different components.
A. wire
B. battery
C. resistor
D. capacitor
答案：A。

解析：本题考查电学实验中的连接元件。

A选项wire （导线）用于连接电路中的不同组件，是必不可少的；B选项battery
（电池）是提供电能的，不是连接元件；C选项resistor（（电阻器）是电路中的一个元件，不是用于连接的；D选项capacitor（（电容器）也是电路元件，不是连接工具。

7. In a chemical reaction experiment, we use a ____ to hold the reaction mixture.
A. crucible
B. evaporating dish
C. conical flask
D. all of the above
答案：D。

解析：本题考查化学反应实验中容纳反应混合物的容器。

A选项crucible（（坩埚）可用于高温下的反应混合物的容纳；B选项evaporating dish（蒸发皿）可用于蒸发溶液等反应混合物的容纳；C选项conical flask（（锥形瓶）也可用于容纳反应混合物；所以以上三种都可以，答案为D。

8. For an experiment on the density of an object, we first need to measure its ____ with a balance.
A. volume
B. mass
C. length
D. area
答案：B。

解析：本题考查物体密度实验中的测量步骤。

根据密度公式ρ = m / V（密度等于质量除以体积），在求密度时首先要测量
物体的质量，用天平测量，所以答案是B。

A选项volume（（体积）是后续步骤可能测量的；C
11. When doing a chemistry experiment, we should first ______.
A. record the data
B. analyze the results
C. make a hypothesis
D. clean up the apparatus
答案：C。

解析：在做化学实验时，首先应该做出假设。

A选项记录数据是在实验过程中或者实验结束后进行的；B选项分析结果也是在实验完成后；D选项清理仪器是实验结束后的步骤。

12. In a physics experiment about light refraction, the step that comes before measuring the angle of refraction is ______.
A. drawing the conclusion
B. setting up the experimental equipment
C. sharing the experimental results
D. repeating the experiment
答案：B。

解析：在关于光折射的物理实验中，在测量折射角之前要先搭建实验设备。

A选项得出结论是在实验完成后；C选项分享实验结果也是在实验结束后；D选项重复实验是在初步实验完成后的操作。

13. During a biology experiment on plant growth, after planting the seeds, we should ______.
A. immediately harvest the plants
B. wait for the plants to grow and observe regularly
C. change the soil type without any reason
D. stop watering the plants
答案：B。

解析：在植物生长的生物实验中，种下种子后应该等待植物生长并且定期观察。

A选项立即收获植物不符合植物生长规律；C选项无故改变土壤类型不利于实验的正常进行；D选项停止浇水会导致植物无法正常生长。

14. In an experiment to test the conductivity of different materials, the first thing to do is ______.
A. compare the conductivity of all materials
B. connect the materials to the circuit randomly
C. select the materials to be tested
D. calculate the resistance of each material
答案：C。

解析：在测试不同材料导电性的实验中，首先要做的是选择要测试的材料。

A选项比较所有材料的导电性是在材料选定并测试后；B选项随机将材料连接到电路是不科学的做法；D选项计算每种材料的电阻是在材料连接到电路测试之后的步骤。

15. When conducting an experiment on the solubility of substances, which step should be done before adding the solute to the solvent?
A. Measuring the volume of the solvent after adding the solute
B. Stirring the solution vigorously
C. Weighing the amount of solute accurately
D. Pouring out half of the solvent
答案：C。

解析：在进行物质溶解性实验时，在将溶质加入溶剂之前要准确称量溶质的量。

A选项在加入溶质后测量溶剂体积不符合实验顺序；B选项剧烈搅拌溶液是在溶质加入溶剂之后的操作；D选项倒出一半溶剂与实验正常步骤相悖。

16. In a scientific experiment about the effect of temperature on enzyme activity, what should be done at the very beginning?
A. Measuring the enzyme activity at different temperatures
B. Changing the temperature rapidly without any control
C. Selecting the appropriate enzyme and substrate
D. Predicting the final result without any basis
答案：C。

解析：在关于温度对酶活性影响的科学实验中，最开始应该选择合适的酶和底物。

A选项测量不同温度下的酶活性是在温度等条件设定好之后；B选项无控制地快速改变温度是不科学的；D 选项毫无根据预测最终结果不是实验开始的步骤。

17. During an experiment on the magnetic field of a magnet, the step following placing the magnet on a flat surface is ______.
A. removing the magnet immediately
B. using a compass to detect the magnetic field
C. covering the magnet with a metal plate
D. breaking the magnet into pieces
答案：B。

解析：在磁铁磁场的实验中，把磁铁放在平面上之后的步骤是用指南针检测磁场。

A选项立即移走磁铁不符合实验逻辑；C选项用金属板盖住磁铁不是正常的后续步骤；D选项把磁铁打碎也不是正常的实验顺序。

18. In an experiment to study the properties of acids and bases, before testing the pH of a solution, we should ______.
A. add a large amount of water to the solution
B. mix different acids and bases together randomly
C. prepare the solution properly
D. assume the pH value without testing
答案：C。

解析：在研究酸碱性质的实验中，在测试溶液pH值之前应该正确地准备溶液。

A选项向溶液中加入大量水可能会改变溶液性质影响实验；B选项随机混合不同酸碱不符合实验要求；D选项不测试就假设pH值不是科学的做法。

19. When doing an experiment on the reaction between metals and acids, the first step is usually ______.
A. observing the final product
21. In an experiment to test the effect of sunlight on plant growth, two groups of plants are set up. Group A is placed in direct sunlight for 8 hours a day, while Group B is placed in a shaded area. All other factors such as soil type, amount of water, and temperature are kept the same. After two weeks, Group A plants grow taller. What is the independent variable in this
experiment?
A. The height of the plants
B. The amount of sunlight
C. The type of soil
D. The amount of water
答案：B。

解析：在这个实验中，自变量是研究者主动改变的变量。

这里是研究阳光对植物生长的影响，所以阳光的量是自变量。

植物的高度是因变量，是随着自变量的改变而改变的结果。

土壤类型和水量在实验中保持相同，不是自变量。

22. A scientist wants to study how different fertilizers affect the yield of tomatoes. He uses three types of fertilizers: Fertilizer X, Fertilizer Y, and Fertilizer Z. He plants the same variety of tomato plants in three separate plots with the same soil, same amount of water, and same sunlight exposure. After a growing season, he measures the yield. If the yield is the highest in the plot with Fertilizer X, what can be concluded about the relationship between the fertilizer and the yield?
A. Fertilizer X is the only factor that affects the yield
B. Fertilizer X has a positive effect on the yield compared to the other fertilizers
C. The type of soil has no effect on the yield
D. The amount of water is the most important factor for the yield
答案：B。

解析：因为在这个实验中，除了肥料类型不同，其他
因素都相同。

在使用Fertilizer X的地块产量最高，这表明与其他肥料相比，Fertilizer X对产量有积极的影响。

A选项说Fertilizer X是唯一影响产量的因素太绝对，因为还有其他因素共同作用。

C选项虽然土壤类型相同，但不能得出土壤类型对产量毫无影响的结论。

D选项，实验主要研究肥料对产量的影响，不能得出水量是产量最重要因素的结论。

23. An experiment is carried out to see how the temperature affects the rate of a chemical reaction. The reaction is carried out at three different temperatures: 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C. The concentration of the reactants and the volume of the reaction vessel are kept constant. If the reaction rate is fastest at 40°C, which statement is correct?
A. The concentration of the reactants is the most important factor
B. Temperature has no effect on the reaction rate
C. Higher temperature generally leads to a faster reaction rate in this case
D. The volume of the reaction vessel is the key factor for the reaction rate
答案：C。

解析：在这个实验中，温度是变量，反应物浓度和反应容器体积是常量。

反应在40°C时速度最快，这表明在这种情况下，较高的温度通常会导致更快的反应速率。

A选项，反应物浓度是常量，不是最重要因素。

B选项与实验结果矛盾，温度明显影响反应速率。

D选项，反应容器体积是常量，不是反应速率的关键因素。

24. In a biology experiment, students are studying the effect of different pH levels on the activity of an enzyme. They test the enzyme in solutions with pH values of 4, 7, and 10. All other conditions such as temperature and enzyme concentration are the same. If the enzyme activity is highest at pH 7, what can be said about the optimal pH for this enzyme?
A. The optimal pH is always 7 for all enzymes
B. The optimal pH for this enzyme is around 7
C. pH has no influence on the enzyme activity
D. The optimal pH is 4 or 10
答案：B。

解析：在这个实验中，只针对这一种酶研究不同pH值对其活性的影响，在pH为7时酶活性最高，所以可以说这种酶的最适pH值大约是7。

A选项，不是所有酶的最适pH值都是7。

C选项与实验结果矛盾，pH值对酶活性有影响。

D选项，实验结果表明最适pH值是7而不是4或10。

25. A group of researchers is investigating the impact of different amounts of exercise on heart rate. They divide the participants into three groups: Group 1 exercises for 30 minutes a day, Group 2 exercises for 60 minutes a day, and Group 3 exercises for 90 minutes a day. The age, gender, and diet of the participants are similar. After a week, they measure the heart rate. If the heart rate
31. In a scientific experiment about plant growth, instead of using traditional soil, a new method is proposed to use a special sponge - like
material which can hold water and nutrients better. What could be the main advantage of this innovation?
A. It is cheaper than soil
B. It can make plants grow faster
C. It is easier to clean
D. It can be recycled easily
答案：B
解析：在这个关于植物生长的科学实验中，使用这种特殊的类似海绵的材料代替传统土壤的创新之处在于它能更好地保持水和养分。

植物生长需要水和养分，这种材料能更好地满足植物生长需求，从而使植物可能生长得更快。

A选项中说这种材料比土壤便宜，题干未提及成本问题；C选项说更容易清洁，这不是这种创新材料对植物生长实验的主要优势；D选项说可轻易回收，也不是主要针对植物生长的优势。

32. When designing an experiment to test the conductivity of different materials, an innovative approach is to use a laser - based sensor. Which of the following best describes the significance of this innovation?
A. It can measure more accurately
B. It is less dangerous
C. It is more colorful
D. It can work without electricity
答案：A
解析：在测试不同材料导电性的实验中，使用基于激光的传感器这种创新方法。

激光传感器通常能够提供更精确的测量，这对于准确测试材料导电性非常重要。

B选项说危险性小，题干没有体现这种传感器在危险程度方面的优势；C选项说更彩色，这与测试导电性毫无关系；D选项说不需要电就能工作，这不符合激光传感器的特点。

33. In a chemical experiment, a new way of mixing reactants is introduced by using a microfluidic device. What might be the most important impact of this innovation?
A. It reduces the amount of reactants needed
B. It makes the reaction smell better
C. It can change the color of the reaction
D. It can make the reaction container smaller
答案：A
解析：在化学实验中使用微流体装置混合反应物这种创新方式。

微流体装置可以精确控制反应物的量，从而减少所需反应物的量，这在实验中是很重要的，比如可以节约成本、减少浪费等。

B选项说让反应闻起来更好，这不是微流体装置对反应的主要影响；C选项说改变反应颜色，这不是这种创新装置的主要意义；D选项说使反应容器变小，这不是其最主要的影响。

34. For an experiment on the flight of birds, an innovative method is to attach tiny cameras to the birds. What is the main benefit of this innovation?
A. It can record the birds' flight path more directly
B. It can make the birds fly higher
C. It can change the color of the birds' feathers
D. It can make the birds lighter
答案：A
解析：在鸟类飞行实验中，把微型摄像机附着在鸟类身上这种创新方法。

这样可以更直接地记录鸟类的飞行路径，有助于更好地研究鸟类飞行习性等。

B选项说能让鸟飞得更高，摄像机的附着不会有这种效果；C选项说改变鸟羽毛颜色，这与研究目的无关；D选项说让鸟更轻，这不是这种创新方法的主要好处。

35. In an experiment to study the effect of light on fish behavior, an innovative setup is to use a programmable light source that can change colors and intensities randomly. What is the key advantage of this innovation?
A. It can simulate more natural light conditions
B. It is more beautiful
C. It can make the fish swim faster
D. It can reduce the cost of the experiment
答案：A
解析：在研究光对鱼行为影响的实验中，使用可随机改变颜色和强度的可编程光源这种创新设置。

这样可以模拟更多自然的光照条件，因为在自然环境中光的颜色和强度是多变的，这有助于更准确地研究
鱼在不同光照下的行为。

B选项说更漂亮，这不是对实验的关键优势；C选项说让鱼游得更快，不是这种创新光源的主要意义；D选项说降低实验成本，题干未提及。

36. When doing an experiment on the strength of materials, an innovative technique is to apply stress in a cyclic pattern rather than a constant one. What is the main significance of this innovation?
A. It can reveal more information about the material's fatigue resistance
B. It can make the material stronger
C. It can change the color of the material
D. It can make the experiment faster
答案：A
解析：在材料强度实验中，采用循环模式而不是恒定模式施加应力这种创新技术。

这种方式可以更多地揭示材料。