科技英语材料阅读词汇表

Text 1
Materials in Industry
cost-benefit tradeoffs 成本效应分析casting 铸造
forging 锻造welding 焊接
ion implantation 离子注入crystal growth 晶体成长
thin-film deposition 薄膜沉淀sintering 烧结glassblowing 吹制玻璃electron microscopy 电子显微镜技术
x-ray diffraction, x射线衍射thermal analysis 热分析
nuclear microscope (HEFIB) 核显微镜Rutherford backscattering 卢瑟福背散射neutron diffraction 中子衍射s mall-angle X-ray scattering ( SAXS ) 小角度x射线散射ingot casting 铸锭blast furnace extration 高炉提炼electrolytic extraction 电解提取metallurgist 冶金家condensed matter physics 凝聚态物理学metal alloy 金属合金
tensile strength 拉伸强度ductility 延展性toughness 韧性; 刚性graphitization 石墨化
cast irons 铸铁chromium 铬molybdenum 钼titanium 钛
magnesium 镁strength-to-weight ratio 强度重量比electromagentic shielding 电磁屏蔽ceramics 制陶业polymers 聚合物resin 树脂polyethylene 聚乙烯polypropylene 聚丙烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯polyester 聚酯
acrylics 丙烯酸树脂polyurethanes 聚氨酯类polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯plasticisers and other additives 增塑剂和添加剂ultra-high strength 超高强度electrical conductivity 导电性
electro-fluorescence 电荧光性thermal stability 热稳定性Medium-Density Polyethylene MDPE 中密度聚乙烯
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS树脂)
glide rail 滑动导轨low-friction socket 低摩擦骨臼implanted hip joints 髋关节composite material 复合材料
steel-reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土calcium carbonate chalk 碳酸钙粉
talc 滑石粉dispersant 分散剂
Text 2
Properties of Metals
mechanical properties 力学性能characteristic n. 特征，特性strength n. 强度hardness n. 硬度
wear resistance 耐磨性toughness n. 韧性
ductility n. 延展性plasticity n. 塑性
tensile strength 抗拉强度shear strength 抗剪强度compressive strength 抗压强度ultimate strength 极限强度
fracture v. / n. 破裂，破碎rupture v. / n. 破裂，断裂deformation n. 变形indentation n. 印痕，凹痕Brinell and Rockwell hardness tests 布氏硬度测试法和洛氏硬度测量法abrasion n. 磨损shock v. / n. 冲击，震动brittleness n. 脆性malleability n. 延展性，可锻性roll 轧制Machinability 切削加工性能Weldability 焊接性能
Text 3
Welding
fabrication n. 制作sculptural adj. 雕刻的，雕塑的thermoplastic n. 热塑性塑料coalescence n. 合并，结合，联合
melt vt.& vi. 使融化，使熔解filler n. 填充物，掺入物molten material 熔融物weld puddle 熔池
conjunction n. 结合，联合soldering 锡焊
brazing 铜焊arc welding 电弧焊
electric arc 电弧beam n. 光线
electron beam 电子束friction n. 摩擦
ultrasound n. 超声波poisonous adj. 有毒的
fume n. 烟雾，气味overexposure n. 过度暴露
ultraviolet adj. 紫外光的forge welding 煅焊
forge n. 熔炉，铁工厂blacksmith n. 铁匠，锻工oxyfule welding 气焊resistance n. 电阻resistance welding 电阻焊shielded adj. 有屏蔽的shielded metal arc welding 焊条电弧焊gas metal arc welding 熔化极气体保护电弧焊submerged adj. 水下的submerged arc welding 埋弧焊
flux n. 流出cored adj. 带心的
flux cored arc welding 药芯焊丝电弧焊electroslag n. 电炉渣electroslag welding 电渣焊laser n. 激光
laser beam welding 激光焊electron beam welding 电子束焊electrode rod 电焊条oxidation n. 氧化contamination n. 污染物slag n. 熔渣
residue n. 余渣ferrous materials 有色金属
cast iron 铸铁inert gas 惰性气体
overhead joints 空间接头penetration n. 穿过，渗透，突破
Gas tungsten arc welding(GTAM) 钨极气体保护电弧焊stud arc welding 螺栓电弧焊tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding 钨惰性气体焊heliarc welding 氦弧焊
plasma arc welding 等离子电弧焊transverse adj. 横向的
deposition n. 沉积作用atomic hydrogen welding原子氢焊
carbon arc welding 碳弧焊electrogas welding 气电焊
Text 4
Heat Treatment of Metals
heat treatment 热处理annealing n. 退火normalizing n. 正火tempering n. 回火
hardening n. 淬火case hardening 表面淬火
die n. 模具quenching n. 淬火，骤冷
soak v. 保温machinability n. 机械加工性
grain structure 颗粒结构uniform heating 均匀加热
critical temperature临界温度quenching medium淬火介质
brine 盐水internal stress 内应力
shock resistance 抗冲击性impact strength 抗击强度
hard case 硬化层carbon steel 碳钢
gear n. 齿轮sprocket n. 链轮
piston pin 活塞销pack in dry carbon compound 固体渗碳submerge in liquid salts 液体渗碳expose the part to a gas vapor 气体渗碳submerge v. 浸没，淹没。