高三英语材料科学练习题40题答案解析版

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高三英语材料科学练习题40题答案解析版
1. In the field of material science, a new ______ has been discovered which is very light and strong.
A. material
B. substance
C. alloy
D. matter
答案:A。

解析:本题考查材料科学领域的基础词汇。

A选项“material”通常指用于制造或构建某物的材料,在材料科学语境下,新发现的这种又轻又强的东西可以直接称为一种新的材料。

B选项“substance”含义更广泛,指任何一种物质,但不如“material”在材料科学领域那么具体。

C选项“alloy”是合金的意思,这里没有提及是合金相关,所以不符合。

D选项“matter”是物质的总称,比较抽象,没有“material”准确。

2. The ______ used in this experiment are all carefully selected.
A. materials
B. substances
C. alloys
D. matters
答案:A。

解析:根据句子中的“used in this experiment”(用于这个实验中的)可知是具体的材料,“materials”侧重于表示可用于制作或构建的材料,是可数名词复数形式,符合语境。

B选项“substances”
虽然也表示物质,但没有“materials”在此处合适。

C选项“alloys”是合金,这里没有表明是合金材料。

D选项“matters”是物质的统称,过于宽泛。

3. Many modern buildings ______ new types of materials to make them more energy - efficient.
A. use
B. uses
C. using
D. used
答案:A。

解析:本题考查主谓一致。

句子的主语是“Many modern buildings” 许多现代建筑),是复数形式,根据主谓一致原则,谓语动词要用原形,A选项“use”是原形,符合要求。

B选项“uses”是第三人称单数形式,用于主语是第三人称单数的情况。

C选项“using”是现在分词形式,不能单独作谓语。

D选项“used”是过去式,时态不符合句子描述的一般情况。

4. A good ______ should have high strength and good plasticity.
A. material
B. substance
C. alloy
D. matter
答案:A。

解析:在材料科学概念里,这里说的是一种好的材料应该具备高强度和好的可塑性,“material”表示材料最为合适。

B选项
“substance”更多指物质的本质属性,不如“material”直接表达材料的概念。

C选项“alloy”是合金,这里没有特指合金。

D选项“matter”是物质的广义概念,不具体。

5. Scientists are constantly looking for new ______ to replace traditional ones.
A. materials
B. substances
C. alloys
D. matters
答案:A。

解析:科学家一直在寻找新的材料来替代传统材料,这里用“materials”表示材料,是可数名词复数,符合语境。

B选项“substances”侧重于物质的本质,不是专门指材料。

C选项“alloys”是合金,范围太窄。

D选项“matters”是物质的统称,不确切。

6. The development of ______ science has greatly changed our lives.
A. material
B. substance
C. alloy
D. matter
答案:A。

解析:“material science”是材料科学的固定表达,这里表示材料科学的发展极大地改变了我们的生活。

B选项“substance”、C选项“alloy”和D选项“matter”都不能构成这种表达。

7. This ______ is very hard and can be used to make cutting tools.
A. material
B. substance
C. alloy
D. matter
答案:A。

解析:从句子中“can be used to make cutting tools” 可以用来制造切割工具)可知是一种材料,“material”表示材料符合语境。

B选项“substance”强调物质的本质属性。

C选项“alloy”是合金,这里没有表明是合金。

D选项“matter”是物质的统称,不够具体。

8. In the production process, different ______ are mixed together.
A. materials
B. substances
C. alloys
D. matters
答案:A。

解析:在生产过程中,不同的材料被混合在一起,“materials”表示材料,是可数名词复数,符合语境。

B选项“substances”侧重于物质的本质。

C选项“alloys”是合金,这里没有特指合金。

D选项“matters”是物质的统称,不确切。

9. The properties of this new ______ are still being studied.
A. material
B. substance
C. alloy
D. matter
答案:A。

解析:这种新材料的特性仍然在被研究,“material”表示材料符合语境。

B选项“substance”更多指
11. The new ______ developed in the laboratory shows excellent properties for use in aerospace engineering.
A. polymer
B. metal
C. glass
D. ceramic
答案解析:A。

本题考查材料科学中的专业术语。

根据句子中提到的“shows excellent properties for use in aerospace engineering 在航空航天工程中表现出优异的性能)”,在材料科学中,聚合物(polymer)常用于航空航天工程并可能具有特殊性能,而金属 metal)、玻璃glass)和陶瓷(ceramic)虽然也是材料,但在这个语境下没有聚合物那么符合题意。

12. Scientists are studying a ______ which can be used to make lightweight and strong structures in material science.
A. composite
B. alloy
C. fiber
D. plastic
答案解析:A。

这里考查材料科学术语。

复合材料(composite)的特点是可以用来制造轻质且坚固的结构,这是复合材料的一个重
要特性,符合句子语境。

合金(alloy)主要强调多种金属混合,纤维fiber)和塑料 plastic)虽然也是材料,但在描述制造轻质且坚固结构方面不如复合材料准确。

13. The material, ______ is very difficult to process, has unique electrical properties.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. as
答案解析:B。

本题考查定语从句。

先行词是“the material”,在定语从句中作主语,非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,what不能引导定语从句,as引导定语从句时表示“正如”,语义不符,而which可以引导非限制性定语从句,在句中作主语,所以选B。

14. In the material science factory, the machines ______ are used to produce new materials are very advanced.
A. that
B. who
C. where
D. when
答案解析:A。

考查定语从句。

先行词是“the machines”,在从句中作主语,指物,所以用that或者which引导定语从句,who用于指人,where在定语从句中作地点状语,when作时间状语,所以这里选
A。

15. The new material, ______ they have been researching for years, may change the future of the industry.
A. on which
B. in which
C. for which
D. at which
答案解析:A。

本题考查定语从句中介词+which的用法。

“research on sth”表示对某事进行研究,这里先行词是“the new material”,在从句中作宾语,所以用“on which”,而“in which”“for which”“at which”在这个语境下不符合搭配习惯。

16. When ______ new materials, scientists often consider their mechanical properties first.
A. develop
B. developed
C. developing
D. to develop
答案解析:C。

本题考查状语从句的省略。

当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,这里完整的句子是“When scientists are developing new materials”,所以选C。

17. The composite material, if ______ properly, can be extremely
durable.
A. processed
B. process
C. processing
D. to process
答案解析:A。

考查状语从句的省略。

完整句子是“If it is processed properly”,这里it指代“the composite material”,当主从句主语一致且从句有be动词时,可省略主从句的主语和be动词,所以选A。

18. The polymer ______ its flexibility is widely used in packaging materials.
A. because
B. because of
C. for
D. since
答案解析:B。

本题考查短语的用法。

“because of”后面接名词或者名词短语,表示“因为”,“because”“for”“since”都是连词,后面要接句子,这里“its flexibility”是名词短语,所以选B。

19. In the research of new materials, the data ______ from experiments are very important.
A. obtained
B. obtaining
C. to obtain
D. being obtained
答案解析:A。

考查非谓语动词。

“data”和“obtain”之间是被动关系,表示数据被从实验中获得,所以用过去分词作后置定语,而“obtaining”表示主动,“to obtain”表示目的,“being obtained”表示正在被获取,不符合题意。

20. The material science project, ______ by a group of experienced scientists, is making great progress.
A. led
B. leading
C. to lead
D. being led
答案解析:A。

考查非谓语动词。

“the material science project”和“lead”之间是被动关系,表示这个
21. In the material science research, if we ______ (have) more advanced equipment last year, we would have obtained more accurate experimental results.
A. had
B. have
C. would have
D. should have
答案:A。

解析:本题考查虚拟语气。

在虚拟语气中,对于与过去事实相反
的假设,从句用过去完成时(had + 过去分词),主句用would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词。

这里说如果去年我们有更先进的设备 实际上去年没有),我们就会得到更准确的实验结果,所以从句要用had。

22. The new material is said to be much stronger than the old one. If its strength ______ (decrease) in the future, it would be a big setback for the project.
A. decreased
B. decreases
C. would decrease
D. had decreased
答案:A。

解析:这里考查虚拟语气与材料性能描述的结合。

根据句子意思,这是对将来情况的虚拟假设,在虚拟语气中,对将来情况的假设,从句可以用should + 动词原形、were to + 动词原形或者动词的一般过去式,这里表示如果它的强度在将来下降 实际还没有下降),所以用decreased。

23. The experimental data shows that the conductivity of this metal is excellent. If we were to change its chemical composition, its conductivity ______ (be) affected.
A. will be
B. would be
D. was
答案:B。

解析:本题考查虚拟语气在材料科学实验结果假设中的应用。

be to do结构用于虚拟语气,表示对将来的假设,从句用were to + 动词原形,主句要用would + 动词原形。

这里说如果我们改变它的化学组成 实际还未改变),它的导电性将会被影响,所以用would be。

24. In the material science report, it was noted that if more attention ______ (pay) to the microscopic structure, the research would have been more comprehensive.
A. was paid
B. had been paid
C. is paid
D. has been paid
答案:B。

解析:本题考查虚拟语气。

从句子中的would have been可知这是与过去事实相反的假设。

在这种情况下,从句要用过去完成时的被动语态,即had been + 过去分词。

这里表示如果更多地关注微观结构 实际上过去没有足够关注),研究将会更全面,所以是had been paid。

25. If the melting point of this new alloy ______ (be) lower, it would be easier to process in the factory.
A. is
C. were
D. will be
答案:C。

解析:这是一个典型的虚拟语气的句子。

在描述与现在事实相反的假设时,be动词在虚拟语气中要用were,不管主语是第几人称。

这里说如果这种新合金的熔点更低 实际上熔点不是更低的情况),在工厂加工就会更容易,所以用were。

26. The research indicates that if the porosity of the material ______ (increase), its density would decrease accordingly.
A. increased
B. increases
C. would increase
D. had increased
答案:A。

解析:本题考查虚拟语气。

从主句的would decrease可知这是与现在或将来事实相反的假设情况。

在这种情况下,从句用一般过去式。

这里表示如果材料的孔隙率增加 实际可能还未增加),它的密度就会相应地降低,所以用increased。

27. In the description of material properties, we often use "as...as" structure. Which of the following is correct? "This material is ______ hard as that one."
B. as
C. too
D. very
答案:B。

解析:在描述材料性能比较时,“as...as”结构是固定用法,表示“和...一样”,这里说这种材料和那种材料一样硬,所以选B。

28. If the thermal expansion coefficient of this substance ______ (be) known earlier, we could have made better use of it in the manufacturing process.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. is
答案:C。

解析:本题考查虚拟语气。

从主句的could have made可知这是与过去事实相反的假设。

在这种情况下,从句要用过去完成时。

这里表示如果这种物质的热膨胀系数早一点被知道( 实际上过去不知道),我们就能在制造过程中更好地利用它了,所以用had been。

29. When reporting experimental results, we might say "The yield of this reaction ______ higher
31. Nanomaterials, which are known for their unique properties,
______ widely used in various fields.
A. are
B. is
C. has been
D. have been
答案:A
解析:本题考查主谓一致。

句子的主语是Nanomaterials,为复数形式,这里描述的是一般的情况,所以用一般现在时的复数形式are。

32. It was in the research of smart materials ______ scientists made a great breakthrough.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
答案:A
解析:本题考查强调句。

强调句的结构是It is/was + 被强调部分+ that + 其他部分。

这里被强调的是in the research of smart materials 这个地点状语,所以用that。

33. Not only ______ the excellent conductivity of graphene, but also its high strength.
A. does graphene have
B. graphene has
C. has graphene
D. graphene does have
答案:A
解析:本题考查倒装句。

not only位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,即把助动词提前,这里的主语是graphene,谓语是has,所以把does 提前,后面用动词原形have。

34. The new type of composite material, ______ is lighter and stronger, ______ a great potential in aerospace industry.
A. which; has
B. that; has
C. which; have
D. that; have
答案:A
解析:本题考查定语从句和主谓一致。

第一空考查定语从句,先行词是The new type of composite material,关系代词在从句中作主语,且是非限制性定语从句,所以用which;第二空考查主谓一致,主语是The new type of composite material,为单数,所以用has。

35. ______ the development of self - healing materials, the maintenance cost of some products will be greatly reduced.
A. With
B. As
C. For
D. By
答案:A
解析:本题考查介词的用法。

with表示随着,随着自愈材料的发展,一些产品的维护成本将会大大降低。

as表示当……时候或者因为;for表示因为;by表示通过。

36. It is these nano - sensors ______ can detect the slightest change in the environment.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
答案:A
解析:本题考查强调句。

强调句的结构是It is/was + 被强调部分+ that + 其他部分。

这里被强调的是these nano - sensors,所以用that。

37. Rarely ______ such a unique material like metamaterials in nature.
A. we find
B. find we
C. do we find
D. we do find
答案:C
解析:本题考查倒装句。

rarely位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,即把助动词提前,这里的主语是we,谓语是find,所以把do提前,
后面用动词原形find。

38. The smart fabric, ______ can change its color according to the temperature, ______ much attention from fashion designers.
A. which; has attracted
B. that; has attracted
C. which; have attracted
D. that; have attracted
答案:A
解析:本题考查定语从句和主谓一致。

第一空考查定语从句,先行词是The smart fabric,关系代词在从句中作主语,且是非限制性定语从句,所以用which;第二空考查主谓一致,主语是The smart fabric,为单数,所以用has attracted。

39. ______ the importance of biodegradable materials, more and more companies are starting to use them.
A. Realize
B. Realizing
C. Realized
D. To realize
答案:B
解析:本题考查非谓语动词。

句子的主语more and more companies 和realize之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词realizing作原因状语。

40. In no case ______ the quality of the new material be ignored.
A. should
B. can
C. will
D. must
答案:A
解析:本题考查倒装句。

in no case位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,这里表示应该,所以用should。

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