2021年杭州市建兰中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析

2021年杭州市建兰中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
The history ofpop art begins with abstract art. Pop art emerged from the foundation of abstract art in the 1950s, first gaining recognition in Great Britain, then establishing itself in the United States in the 1960s.
In the 1930s and 1940s, abstract art was greatly popular, but people began to hate this art form. Most abstract art produced in this era could be found in art galleries or the homes of the elite(名流), not in the homes of everyday people. Pop art sprung onto the scene as the people's art.
Some art critics say pop art is a rebellion against abstract art; others say it is an extension of abstract art. You can see elements of abstract art in many pop art prints, especially those that consist of a collage（拼贴画）of images. However, some pop art pieces have nothing to do with abstract art, looking more like a photo of a popular consumer item, which impressed people deeply.
Richard Hamilton and Eduardo Paolozzi were two of the first contemporary pop art pioneers recognised in Great Britain. They were a part of the Independent Group, an organised group of British artists who wanted to challenge ruling modernist approaches to culture. They recognised the value of modern advertising and comic book images. They used these popular images in art as a social commentary, often building irony and humour into their artworks, thus creating a new form of art. These pieces were mass-produced and sold at affordable prices.
When pop art took off in the United States, it expanded to include a celebration of kitsch and the common images found in movies and television. Andy Wharhol is perhaps the most famous American pop art artist, known for his prints of the actress Marilyn Monroe, the singer Elvis Presley and of Campbell's soup cans. Andy Wharhol was inspired by images from advertisements and common consumer items. He also made a series of paintings which showed images of car accidents.
1. Why did people dislike abstract art?
A. People found it hard to understand.
B. Ordinary people couldn't afford it.
C. People disliked enjoying it in galleries.
D. It wasn't based on everyday life.
2. What impression do pop art works leave on people?
A. They are a rebellion against abstract art.
B. They have many elements of abstract art.
C. They are created so real.
D. They are products of advertisers.
3. The Independent Group was set up to ________.
A. introduce a new art form to the world
B. develop modern advertising further
C. create new comic book images
D. make British culture better known
B
Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.
Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.
4. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.
A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light
B. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers
C. too much mathematical detail in the theory
D. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters
5. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.
A. the students who are major in mathematical geometry
B. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems
C. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs
D. those who are interested in physics
6. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.
A. indirect ways of learning mathematics
B. a fundamental power within the theory
C. the conceptual elegance of the theory
D. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems
7. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.
A. a review of a book
B. a chemistry textbook
C. an optician's essay
D. a general science text
C
Avi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.
Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”
“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.
Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.
Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.
8. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?
A. It is an icy comet.
B. It looks like a long photo.
C. It is actually some sort of rock.
D. It may come from another alien civilization.
9. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Goes against.
B. Relies on.
C. Turns to.
D. Searches for.
10. What do you think of Loeb?
A. He is foolish.
B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.
C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.
D. He is uncertain about his career future.
11. What's the best title for the text?
A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?
B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?
C. Scientists Are Working on High Technology
D. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel
D
It’s become an accepted part of keeping up to date with extended family and friends, but if schoolchildren were in their parents’ shoes, the majority wouldn’t share posts of their sons and daughters online. Over 55% said they would not upload news about, or images of, their children to their social media feeds, according to survey of over 16,000 pupils by Votes for Schools.
While some were concerned about being embarrassed or the longevity of content which could remain online indefinitely, others expressed concern about their personal data beingcompromised. One of the pupils surveyed said, “Although our parents mean well, sometimes theconsequenceof a post can be disastrous.”
In response to thesurvey, children’s mental health charity Place2Be and law firm Mishcon de Reya have produced three films ahead of the Christmas holidays – the best period for parental oversharing.
In one video, about safety online, 10-year-old Adavan said, “If you share anything with your family, you know who’s going to see it. But if you share it publicly, there are millions of people who can see your picture.”
Joe Hancock, a security lead at Mishcon de Reya, encouraged parents to share wisely. “Simple steps, such as checking your privacy settings and asking others not to share content of your children on their accounts if they have not updated their privacy settings, are a good start. And, as we found out from the children during filming,
having their permission is key,” he said.
The study marks a shift away from the usual debate about teaching children to use the Internet safely. Sandra Davis, head of the law firm’s family department, said, “Children are the experts on the real and immediate impact of sharenting（晒娃）– the full extent of which we cannot know yet. We must ensure we listen to children and take their views into consideration now in order to avoid any unintendedconsequences further down the line.”
12.What’s most pupils’ attitude towards sharing posts about children?
A. Skeptical.
B. Unconcerned.
C. Tolerant.
D. Unwilling.
13.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A. Summarize the previous paragraph.
B. Provide some advice for parents.
C. Predict the consequence of sharing posts.
D. Give reasons for the result of the survey.
14.What should parents first pay attention to according to Joe Hancock?
A. Safety.
B. Consequence.
C. Wisdom.
D. Health.
15.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Parents should take children’s opinions into account.
B. Parents should teach children to use the Internet safely.
C. Children must make sure to listen to their parents.
D. Children should avoid unintended consequences of sharenting.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项There are now lots of products and services on the market.___16___It is vital,therefore,for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.
Logos are part of this image.___17___The logo establishes a visual identity for the company,just as different groups of young people express their identity through hairstyles and clothes.All groups from all cultures and throughout the ages have used color1 s and symbols to show their identity.
___18___Some color1 s may be connected with coldness in one culture and with warmth in another . Some color1 s represent life in one culture but death in another.International companies have,therefore. to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries.
The logos of large international companies are instantly recognizable throughout the world. One of the most
famous logos is that of Coca-Cola.The design of the words"Coca-Cola"has not changed since 1886,although the surrounding design has been changed from time to time.Many companies have over the years,renewed their logos.___19___
Logos are used on packaging and brochures as well as on the product itself.They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising campaign.___20___The logo helps to promote this image and to fix it in the minds of the customers.Logos,therefore,need to be original and to have impact and style.
A. Companies need to have a strong corporate identity.
B. In different cultures,different color1 s carry different meanings.
C. Colors and symbols,different in meanings,help identify a company.
D. Many of them are similar in content though produced by different companies.
E. They are symbols which often include a name or initials to identify a company.
F. So,they can better fit in with contemporary design and present more powerful images.
G. In this way,they are easier to be distinguished from those of the competing companies.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
完形填空(共20小题；每小题21.5分，满分30分)
During my lifetime, I’ve learnt something important: it’s good to learn new skills outside of your comfort zone. About seven years ago, I started learning how to paintas a___21___. I was pretty terrible. Everything looked___22___, and my color1 s were totally off. My friends and colleagues suggested that I stop___23___my time on something I wasn’t good at. “___24___on your day job,” they said. I kept at it — practicing, taking classes, finding the right___25___who could guide me. I am now_____26_____“good”. Today, the same friends say I was born with this___27___.
The same thing___28___when I started piano and singing lessons a couple of years ago. Comments shifted from,“Stop wasting your time and focus on what you know,” to “You’ve got a musical gene (基因).”
These___29___originate from long-held beliefs that growth is usually not possible for adults. Even when there is evidence of learning,it can be_____30_____to inborntalent.
Most scientific studies on adulthood focus on cognitive decline (认知下降), rather than_____31_____, suggesting that even scientists may think that development is limited in adulthood. A few recent studies suggest that_____32_____new skills, such as photography, for even three months may strengthen the functioning of the brain in adults.
I would take these studies one step further to argue that a(n)_____33_____cause of cognitive decline is the fact that adults learn fewer new skills_____34_____to children. If we can_____35_____how to learn well as adults, then perhaps we can_____36_____cognitive decline.
Adults are often_____37_____to go outside of their comfort zones. We fear looking_____38_____for making mistakes; we fear failure could costus our jobs. Perhaps a reason why we suffer from cognitive decline is that we do not engage in learning new skills for many years.
To better communicate with my German friends, I am starting to learn German. I’m_____39_____at the “listening and babbling (咿呀学语)” phase. Sure, some may laugh at an adult babbling, but I hope one day I can_____40_____German fluently, and inspire many other adults to learn like a baby.
22. A. hobby B. dream C. job D. measure
23. A. perfect B. bright C. dull D. enjoyable
24. A. taking B. wasting C. putting D. getting
25. A. Count B. Depend C. Focus D. Congratulate
26. A. friends B. teachers C. colleagues D. partners
27. A. concluded B. realized C. considered D. described
28. A. character B. spirit C. talent D. power
29. A. happened B. found C. mentioned D. showed
30. A. suggestions B. achievements C. results D. comments
31. A. reported B. owed C. forced D. addicted
32. A. failure B. change C. adaptation D. growth
33. A. catching B. arranging C. learning D. holding
34. A. important B. strange C. insignificant D. useful
35. A. prepared B. compared C. intended D. provided
36. A. break out B. give out C. bring out D. figure out
37. A. interrupt B. prevent C. master D. influence
38. A. unreasonable B. uncertain C. unwilling D. undoubted
39. A. stupid B. upset C. crazy D. ugly
40. A. clearly B. presently C. continually D. occasionally
41. A. write B. read C. listen D. speak
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The English word “dinner” used to refer to breakfast. It comes from the Old French word “disnar”,___41.___in fact means “breakfast”.
So___42.___did this word come to have a different meaning?___43.___(tradition), dinner (what we now refer to as breakfast) was the first meal of the day, eaten around noon. It also happened to be the___44.___(big) meal of the day, with a lighter meal coming later___45.___(know) as supper.
Today many people find___46.___strange that the biggest meal of the day once centered around noon,___47.___it made great sense at that time. Artificial lighting such as oil lamps and candles were expensive, and provided weak light at best. So people went to sleep at sundown, because it’s difficult___48.___(work) and eat in the dark. The last meal of the day was a rushed affair, a quick snack before the lights went out.
Eventually, more meals___49.___(add) to the day. This meant that people were eating smaller meals before the bigger meal. So the word that once____50.____(refer) to our first meal, now refers to our last. However, it is true that in many Western cultures dinner still remains the biggest meal of the day.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.请改正下面短文中的错误。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉；
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Saturday, my parents and I paid visit to my grandparents by train. There was alarge number of people in the crowded train, but everyone help those who had lots ofbaggage and behaved politely. Along the way, we enjoyed beautifully views. At first, we sawone hill after another. Then what came into our eye were fields with green crops. In a six-hourtrip, we arrived at my grandparents’ house. Exhausted though I felt, but I was happy to see mygrandparents, which I hadn’t seen for a long time. It’s really an excited trip because it was thefirst time I had taken so a long-distance train.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tony想在平时参加一些志愿者活动，但担心因此而影响学习。

请你给Tony写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.你的看法；
2.你的理由.
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.
Dear Tony，
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A
D D A A
[语篇解读]
16. D 17. E 18. B 19. F 20. A
21. A 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32.
C 33. A 34. B 35.
D 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D
41. which
42. how 43. Traditionally
44. biggest
45. known 46. it
47. but 48. to work
49. were added
50. referred
51.(1). paid后面加a (2). was→were
(3). help→helped
(4). beautifully→beautiful (5). eye→eyes (6). in→after (7). but去掉
(8). which→who
(9). excited→exciting (10). so→such
52.略。