Unit+3+Review+useful+structures英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册

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1. It is possible __to w_a_l_k__ (walk ) or bike the entire 14
kilometers.
2. It is very interesting for (for/of) us to play in the snow in
winter.
动词不定式作表语
Learning Objectives
By the end of the class, you will be able to
l. summarize the functions and forms of infinitives; 2. use infinitives properly in context; 3. further understand the relationship between human beings and marine creatures.
1. My teacher encouraged me to study abroad. 我的老师鼓励我出国留学。(我是宾语,但是老师鼓励我做什么呢?后 面用不定式来进一步补充说明)
2. His parents don’t allow him to go out at night. 他父母不允许他晚上出去。
④如果不定式后面的从此为不及物动词,要在后面加上相应的介词(看 固定搭配)
1. There is nothing to worry about. 补全介词about,worry 是不及物动词,后面要接名词应该是worry about sth. (固定搭配)
2. Give me a pen to write with. write 是及物动词,但用笔写字需要借助介词,这里并不是固定搭配。
表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构),用来说明主语的特 征、类属、状态、身份等。 一是用于seem, appear, prove, turn out 等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是to be); 二是主语与表语“等同”的情形,此时主语与表语可互换,例如My job is to sweep the floor=To sweep the floor is my job; 三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运。way, aim, duty, hope,
I came here to say goodbye to you. 我来这是为了向你告别。
2. 作原因状语 常跟在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的形容词之后。 We’re quite glad to meet you here. 我们很高兴在这见到你。 I am sorry to hear that your grandma is ill. 听说你奶奶生病了,我感到很难过。
被动形式 to be done
/ to have been done
时间特征
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时 发生或在其后发生
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时 发生
不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作 之前
完成 进行式
to have been doing
/
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续
He is always the last one to leave the office. 他总是最后一个离开办公室。 ② 抽象名词 time、way、reason、chance、opportunity、ability、promise、 attempt等后常用不定式作定语。
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 他许诺明天按时来这。
不定式to do
现在分词V-ing
过去分词V-ed
什么时候用非谓语呢?
一个句子当中,已经存在一个句子(谓语动词), 又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。
I did my homework and learned speaking English.
I have nothing to say on this question.
③ 不定式要放在所修饰的词后面,不定式与它所修饰的名词之间构成逻 辑上的主谓或者动宾关系,不定式作定语可表示将来。
1. Do you have any clothes to wash? 本身是wash clothes,构成动宾关系
2. Do you have any clothes to be washed? 原来是clothes are to be washed.构成的是逻辑主语上的主谓关系。
一发现一感觉:find, feel 二听:listen to, hear 三让:make, have, let 五看:see, watch, observe, look at, notice
I often hear him sing the song.
我经常听见他唱那首歌。
He is often heard to sing the song.
Book 7 Unit 3 Sea Exploration
Period 3 Review useful structures
The infinitive
谓语和非谓语
谓语动词

词 非谓语动词
实义动词/行为动词(vt./vi) run sing learn say write 连系动词am is are was were sound seem get turn 助动词 do does did have has will 情态动词 can may must need dare
How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) 如何解决这一问题很重要。 He didn’t know what to ask.(宾语) 他不知道该问些什么。 My question is when to start.(表语) 我的问题是何时开始。
不定式省略to的情况
②It is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth. (for,强调事情本身的性质) It is + adj. + of sb./sth. to do sth.(of,强调人的品质) 对某人来说做某事是...样的
It is necessary for you to pass the exam. 对你来说通过考试是非常必要的。 It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真的太好了。
Read the part of on the exercise book (on P60-63), and then draw your mind map by yourself.
动词不定式的基本形式
基本形式
一般式 进行式 完成式
主动形式
to do
to be doing to have done
到谓语动作发生时,仍在进行
判断谓语动作与不定式动作发生的先后
1. I plan to attend the meeting tomorrow. 我打算参加明天举行的会议。(attend的动作在plan之后发生)
2. They are said to be studying psychology. 据说他们正研究心理学。 (are said与study同时发生)
动词不定式可以 充当什么成分?
1.作主语(subject)

2.作表语(predicative)
词 不
3.作宾语(object)

4.作宾补、主补(object/subject complement)

5.作定语(attribute)
6.作状语(adverbial)
动词不定式作主语
主语是句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句 子描述的是谁或什么。 To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
动词不定式作状语
状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分 1. 作目的状语
一般放在后部,表示强调,也可位于句首; 其前可加 in order to 和 so as to,但so as to不能放在句首
In order to catch the first bus, he got up early. 为了赶上第一班公交车,他早早就起床了。
继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.
继续做同一件事
动词不定式作宾补/主补
补足语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充 说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语;补充说明宾语意义的句子成分 叫作宾语补足语。
ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, order, encourage, prefer, expect, force, wish, beg 等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、 警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语.
我们的计划是好好利用这些材料。 第三种
2. Her wish is to be a teacher.
她的愿望是当一名老师。 第三种
3. He seems to be ill.
他看起来好像生病了。 第一种
动词不定式作宾语
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。
1. 常接不定式而不接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词及短语有: “决心学会想希望”:decide/determine, learn, want, hope, wish “设法假装在拒绝”:manage, pretend, refuse “主动答应选计划”:offer, promise, choose, plan “同意请求帮一帮”:agree, ask/beg, help
3. I’m very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing. 让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉。(keep发生在be sorry 之前)
4. No harm seems to have been done. (done发生在seems之前,且 似乎并没有什么危害发生。 harm与do之间是被动关系)
1. I decide to buy a car. 2. I hope to have my own pet.
2、有一些动词后既可以加 to do形式作宾语,也可以加 v-ing作 宾语,但意义不同。
mean to do sth.
打算做某事
mean doing sth.
意味着做某事
go on to do sth.
To err is human. 人非圣贤,孰能无过。
To talk with him is a pleasure. 和他谈论是一件乐事。
①为了避免头重脚轻,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后面,用it 作形 式主语,放在句首,后面的不定式才是真正的主语。
It’s important to learn English. 学英语很重要。
3. He warned Tom to keep away from his daughter. 他警告Tom离他女儿远点。
动词不定式作定语
定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语,它常和名词构成名词短语。
① 序数词、形容词最高级或 the only/ the first / the next等后或被这些词结果状语 作结果状语时往往表示意想不到的或是不愉快的结果。其前 有时加上only ,表出乎意料的结果。
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. 他到了车站,却被告知火车已经开走了。
疑问词+动词不定式
动词不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, how, what等连用, 在句中起名词的作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
dream, ambition, idea, intention, purpose, plan, proposal, job, suggestion, task 等抽象名词后面。
判断属于不定式作表语的第几种情况。
1. Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
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