2019春高中英语人教版选修8练习：单元质量评估(一) Word版含解析

单元质量评估(一).
时间：100分钟分数：120分
第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A
With all the snow and bitter cold we've had this winter, it's hard to imagine jumping into a large body of water.But not far away, there are plenty of warm places where you can not only splash and swim.
Snorkel the Philippines
On the other side of the world, there are some amazing hidden destinations in the Pacific Ocean that offer diving and swimming.The Coral Triangle is named for its vast variety of corals, some 600 different species.And, according to the World Wildlife Fund, the area is home to six of the seven world marine turtle species and more than 2，000 species of fish.
Buddy Dive Resort Bonaire
Often referred to as a diver's paradise, Bonaire has an average forecast of 82 degrees and sunny year－round.Bonaire is known for “shore diving”， which means you can walk into the water and off you go.There are more than 50 easily accessible dive sites along the west coast.The natural reefs are full of more than 400 colorful species of fish, sea turtles
and coral, as well as several shipwrecks.
Greg Deaver
Talking of Mexico, the island of Cozumel is a premier warm －weather diving site, with the second largest reef system in the world.And it has lots of activities in the town of San Miguel.Easy to reach by plane from the US, Cozumel is known for its massive underwater walls and “drift diving”．In Cozumel, you'll find a vast number of fish, corals, sponges, nurse sharks, big stingrays, hawksbill turtles and lots of macro life within its clear blue and very warm waters.
[语篇解读] 这是一篇旅游攻略应用文。

冬季人们抱怨没有地方可以潜水或游泳，作者向你推荐了冬季旅游的好去处。

1．What does the author intend to tell in the passage?
A．There are a few best diving spots in winter.
B．The number of warm places is decreasing.
C．The colder it is the warmer you should be.
D．There is much fun playing in warm water.
解析：推理判断题。

第一段点明主题：“there are plenty of warm places where you can not only splash and swim.”。

答案：A
2．The author thinks highly of Snorkel because________．A．it is a hidden destination in the Pacific Ocean
B．you can go diving and swimming there
C．there are a lot of kinds of fish in the ocean
D．all the fish are being taken good care of
解析：细节理解题。

文章主题是在寒冷的冬季找到适合潜水或游泳的地方，因此作者推荐Snorkel，主要原因是游客在此地可以潜水或游泳。

答案：B
3．It can be learned from the last paragraph that ________．A．Cozumel is a small country in Asia
B．Cozumel is located in the North America
C．Cozumel is a close neighbor to Mexico
D．Cozumel has its capital named San Miguel
解析：推理判断题。

由最后一段第一句可知， Cozumel岛是属于墨西哥的；下文又提到“Easy to reach by plane from the US”，所以应是与美国一样在北美洲。

答案：B
B
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third－generation native of Brownsville, Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet
there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama's mother－in－law, Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by ，83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you're raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。

主要论述了祖父母接到后代与他们同住的邀请后该如何做出选择。

4．Why was Garza's move a success?
A．It strengthened her family ties.
B．It improved her living conditions.
C．It enabled her to make more friends.
D．It helped her know more new places.
解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“...giving them a closer relationship...”可知，Garza搬去和晚辈同住后，他们的关系更亲密了，这与A项的表述“这加强了她的家庭关系”相吻合，故选A 项。

B、C、D三项表述的内容在文中未提及。

答案：A
5．What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson's decision?
A．17% expressed their support for it.
B．Few people responded sympathetically.
C．83% believed it had a bad influence.
D．The majority thought it was a trend.
解析：推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“...83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family.”可知，83%的人认为Mrs.Robinson的决定将影响美国家庭的祖父母，但没说这有不好的影响，故排除C项；由此句也可判断出，17%的人对她的决定是持反对意见或是保持中立态度，而不是支持，故排除A项；根据第二段中的“Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.”可知，三分之二的人认为更多的家庭将效仿奥巴马的家庭，由此可知它将成为一种趋势，故选D项，同时排除B 项。

答案：D
6．What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A．They were unsure of themselves.
B．They were eager to raise more children.
C．They wanted to live away from their parents.
D．They had little respect for their grandparents.
解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段的第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own...”可知，在20世纪60年代，人们都有点儿狂野，急于“远走高飞”来证明自己的能力，这与C项的表述“他们想远离父母生活”相吻合，故选C 项。

A、B、D三项表述的内容在文中未提及。

答案：C
7．What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?
A．Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B．Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C．Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D．Get to know themselves better.
解析：推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Moving is not for everyone.”以及“it is wiser to say no and visit frequently”可知，作者建议老年人从自己的利益出发，做出选择，A项的表述与此相吻合。

根据visit frequently可知，文中指的是祖父母常去看看晚辈，而不是B项的“让他们的孩子多多探望他们”，故B项表述有误；文中虽然有“is willing to make sacrifices”和“your adult child is struggling”，但并不是要让祖父母为晚辈做出牺牲，故C 项错误；D项在文中未提及。

答案：A
C
Why do men die earlier than women？The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that men's hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age.
The largest study of the effects of aging on the heart has found that women's longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age.
“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20－25 percent between 18 and 70 years of age，” said the head of the study, David Goldspink of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.
“Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat.Between the age of 20 and 70, one－third of those cells die and are not replaced in men，” said Goldspink.“This is part of the aging process.”
What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells.A healthy 70－year－old woman's heart could perform almost as well as a 20－year－old one's.
“This gender difference might just explain why women live longer than men，” said Goldspink.
They studied more than 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 80, focusing on healthy persons to remove the confusing influence of disease.
The team has yet to find why aging takes a greater loss on the male heart, said Goldspink.
The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise.Goldspink stressed that women also need regular exercise to prevent their leg muscles becoming smaller and weaker as they age.
[语篇解读] 本文属于科普类短文，主要介绍科学家们研究发现女性比男性活得更久的原因是女性心脏的衰老比男性更慢。

8．The underlined word “longevity” in the second paragraph probably refers to ________．
A．health B．long life
C．aging D．effect
解析：词义猜测题。

根据文章第一句“Why do men die earlier than women？”可知实际上女性比男性活得更长。

根据画线词所在句“The largest study of the effects of aging on the heart has found that women's longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age.”其中women's longevity 就是指女性比男性活得更长。

故B项正确。

答案：B
9．The text mainly talks about ________．
A．men's heart cells B．women's aging process
C．the gender difference D．hearts and long life
解析：主旨大意题。

作者在本文中介绍了一项研究结果：女性比男性活得更久主要是因为女性的心脏比男性衰老得更慢，说明本文讲述的是心脏和长寿的关系。

答案：D
10．According to the text, the UK scientists have known that ________．
A．women have more cells than men when they are born
B．women can replace the cells that enable the heart to beat
C．the female heart loses few of the cells with age
D．women never lose their pumping power with age
解析：细节理解题。

根据第五段第一句“What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells.”可知科学家已经知道随着年龄的增加，女性心脏器官的衰老比男性更慢。

故C项正确。

答案：C
11．If you want to live longer, you should ________．
A．enable your heart to beat much faster
B．find out the reason for aging
C．exercise regularly to keep your heart healthy
D．prevent your cells from being lost
解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段第一句“The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise.”可知如果我们要长寿，可以通过锻炼来强壮我们的心脏。

故C项正确。

答案：C
D
Is it wrong to use someone else's wireless (Wi－fi)
connection? Just recently, a man was arrested for doing just that.At that time, he was sitting in the street with a laptop and using an unsecured wireless connection to surf the Net.What do you think about this topic? Listen to the following different views on it.
For a start, if someone is using your Internet service or downloading, this will affect your speed of access or download limit.Also, it's bad for Internet service providers.They will suffer in the long run because fewer people will pay for an Internet service if they know they can get it for free.And finally, just imagine this：what if the person who is stealing your Internet connection is involved in an illegal activity?
I think the police are totally right to arrest these criminals.
－by Sandra Wilkins
Basically, if the person who paid for the service still has everything they paid for, what's the problem? It's just like using the light from streetlamps to read your book, or watching someone else's firework display.It's not stealing.
Also, if you leave your wireless connection unsecured, then it is your own fault if someone else uses it.Just as you wouldn't leave your front door unlocked，or your car door open, neither should you leave your wireless connection open.By leaving your wireless connection open, you are inviting people to use it.Securing your wireless connection is as easy as clicking a few settings on your router(路由器)．And finally,
haven't the police got more important crimes to solve？They're always saying how they haven't got the manpower to solve real issues.But this is just ridiculous.
－by James Hoarley [语篇解读] 本文论述了对于使用别人的无线网络算不算犯罪有两个截然不同的观点。

12．Why was the man mentioned in the first paragraph arrested?
A．For stealing someone's laptop.
B．For surfing the Net in the street.
C．For using an Internet service without permission.
D．For destroying others' wireless connection.
解析：细节理解题。

根据“he was sitting in the street with a laptop and using an unsecured wireless connection to surf the Net.”可知他没经允许用了别人的网络，故选C。

答案：C
13．What does Sandra Wilkins think of people using others' Internet service?
A．He thinks it is necessary sometimes.
B．He thinks it is unacceptable.
C．He thinks it requires good computer skills.
D．He thinks it is good for Internet service providers.
解析：细节理解题。

根据“I think the police are totally right to arrest these criminals.”可知他认为使用别人的无线网络是不可以接受的，故选B。

14．In James Hoarley's opinion, ________．
A．Internet service should be improved
B．using others' Internet service is not stealing at all C．it is hard to secure one's wireless connection
D．people should leave their wireless connection open 解析：细节理解题。

根据“It's not stealing.”和“if you leave your wireless connection unsecured, then it is your own fault if someone else uses it”可知选B。

答案：B
15．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Wireless worries B．Wireless connection
C．Internet service D．Internet users
解析：主旨大意题。

全文主要论述了无线网络给人的烦恼，故选A。

答案：A
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Ways to Help Your Teen Adjust to a New School In an ideal world，a teen could start and finish their schooling at the same school.____16____．And while a move to a new city can be stressful for the entire family，it may be especially difficult for your e these strategies to help your teen adjust to a new school.
The adjustment period begins before your teen ever steps foot into the new school.Point out the new opportunities that'll be available.If you have confidence that you can make it a new city or a new job，your teen will feel more confident about his ability to succeed in a new school.
Listen to your teen's concerns
If you don't have an open relationship with your teen currently，now it is the time to build one.It's easiest to get him to open up when he's feeling unsure.____18____．Is he worried about new teachers？Does he doubt his ability to make the basketball team?
Talk about your reasons for moving
19____．If you're preparing for a better career opportunity，or you need to find a new house because you can't afford to stay where you are，talk about it.
Learn about the new school ahead of time
Conduct as much research as possible about the new school before your teen starts attending.Get your teen to find out about the size of the school and the types of classes offered. ____20____．Talking to a network guidance counselor ahead of time can also be helpful.
A．Keep a positive attitude
B．Develop your teen's different abilities
C．Keep asking questions about his biggest concerns
D．Be honest with your teen about why you're moving
E．Most schools have websites that offer a wealth of information
F．Joining a club or playing a sport can be a great way for your teen
G．However，when a family must move，a teenager must switch schools
答案：16.G 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.E
第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full ____21____ of the facts he observes.He doesn't accept ideas which are not ____22____ on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority (权威) as the only ____23____ for truth.He always ____24____ ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of ____25____ science may perhaps be considered to ____26____ as far back as the ____27____ of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher (哲学家) of Oxford, who lived ____28____ the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the middle ____29____ to suggest that we must learn science ____30____ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself ____31____ many important discoveries.
Galileo, however, who lived about 300 years later (1564－1642), the greatest of several great men, ____32____ lived in Italy, France, Germany, or England, began by ____33____ to show how many important ____34____ could be discovered by observation.Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more ____35____ towards the earth than small ones，____36____Aristotle said so.But Galileo，going to the ____37____ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two ____38____ iron balls and proved Aristotle was wrong.It was Galileo's ____39____ of going direct to nature, and proving out ____40____ and theories by experiment that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
[语篇解读] 本文为一篇说明文。

说明一个成功的科学家必须是一个好的观察者，其次还需具备一些素养。

21．e B．time
C．speed D．trust
解析：make full use of“充分利用……”。

答案：A
22．A.worked B．based
C．lived D．written
解析：be based on“以……为基础”。

答案：B
23．A.reason B．cause
C．advice D．result
解析：根据空格后的for暗示应选reason。

the reason for...
“……的理由”；the cause of...“……的起因”，两者皆为习惯搭配。

答案：A
24．A.thinks B．checks
C．has D．learns
解析：根据后文“做实验来证明这些想法”暗示应用check，意为“核实；核查”。

答案：B
25．A.natural B．physical
C．ancient D．modern
解析：the rise of modern science“现代科学的崛起”，根据下文Roger Bacon提出通过观察和实验来了解科学可知。

本文最后一句中的modern science也是提示。

答案：D
26．A.date B．keep
C．look D．take
解析：此处date 用作动词，构成date back短语，意为“追溯到……”。

keep back“隐瞒；阻止”；look back“回顾”；take back “收回”。

答案：A
27．A.study B．time
C．year D．birth
解析：追溯到这位科学家所生活的时代。

time 此处意为“时代”。

答案：B
28．A.both B．each
C．between D．among
解析：between...and...“在……和……之间”。

答案：C
29．A.schools B．ages
C．days D．countries
解析：in the middle ages“在中世纪”。

答案：B
30．A.in B．with
C．on D．by
解析：by doing sth“通过做某事”。

by 表示方法、手段，意为“靠……；用……”。

答案：D
31．A.did B．made
C．took D．gave
解析：make many important discoveries“做出许多重要的发现。

”make a discovery(＝discover)“发现”。

答案：B
32．A.who B．when
C．that D．where
解析：who在此引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词several great men。

答案：A
33．A.ways B．degrees
C．levels D．chance
解析：by degrees“逐渐地；渐渐地”；by chance“偶然”。

承
接上文应选B项。

答案：B
34．A.truths B．problems
C．people D．subjects
解析：根据词义及语境可知选truths，表示“真理”。

答案：A
35．A.slowly B．rapidly
C．lightly D．heavily
解析：以前人们认为大物体下落的速度要比小物体下落得快，故选rapidly“快速地”。

答案：B
36．A.although B．because
C．when D．if
解析：“因为”这是科学界权威人士亚里士多德说的。

答案：B
37．A.place B．foot
C．top D．ceiling
解析：伽利略来到比萨斜塔的“顶端”抛下两个铁球。

答案：C
38．A.big B．small
C．equal D．unequal
解析：为了证明不同大小的物体下落的速度不相同的观点是错误的，伽利略在塔顶丢下两个重量“不同”的铁球。

答案：D
39．A.spirit B．skill
C．theory D．discovery
解析：是伽利略这种直接探究自然界本质、通过实验证明观点和理论的“精神”引导现代科学所有科学发现的产生。

答案：A
40．A.plans B．opinions
C．world D．ability
解析：通过实验来证明“观点”和理论。

答案：B
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Success never comes easy.How many of you have heard of successful people who haven't made any effort? People often have to overcome failures 41.________ they can accomplish something great.They usually don't find success from the very beginning.
Van Gogh sold only one painting during his lifetime, but this didn't stop him from completing over 800 paintings.Thomas Edison 42.________(fire) from his first two jobs for lack of ter, as an inventor, he tried 1，000 times 43.________(create) the light bulb, without success.He was confident in 44.________(he), and 45.________(eventual) he did succeed.When 46.________(ask), “How did it feel to fail 1，000 times？” Edison replied, “I didn't fail 1，000 times.The light bulb was 47.________ invention with 1，000 steps.”
These successful people have set good 48.________(example) to us.They wouldn't have achieved their success if they 49.________(abandon)their dreams.Believe in yourself and try your best, and success will not be far 50.________you.
答案：41.before 42.was fired 43.to create 44.himself 45．eventually 46.asked 47.an 48.examples
49．had abandoned 50.from
第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Li Hua, who will graduate from high school soon, have a talk with his father yesterday about what he should learn at a university.His father, who was proud his son's success in maths, advised Li Hua to learn economics.He said it would be easily to find a good job whether Li Hua chose to learn economics.Li Hua, determined to became an astronaut, didn't agree with his father at all.
He told her father that since he had a strong body and a
good knowledges of science, he would like to be an astronaut instead of an economist.Heard this, his father said nothing but to agree to his son, for he thought interest was very important for a person.
答案：
Li Hua, who will graduate from high school soon ，have had
a talk with his father yesterday about what he should learn at university.His father, who was proud his son's success in maths, advised Li Hua to learn economics.He said it would be easily easy to find out a good jo
b whether if
Li Hua chose to learn economics.Li Hua, determined to
became become
an astronaut, didn't agree with his father at all.
He told her his
father that since he had a strong body and a good knowledges knowledge
of science, he would like to be an astronaut instead of an economist.Heard Hearing
this, his father said nothing but to agree to with
his son, for he thought interest was very important for a person.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是David 。

你的笔友李华最近给你发来邮件， 质疑上大学的意义。

现在请你给李华写一封邮件劝他努力学习， 考取理想的
大学。

内容要点如下：
上大学可以提高素养；结交朋友；利于就业。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Li Hua，
In your last e－mail you doubt whether it is useful to go to
college.__________________________________________________ ___
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Truly yours，
David 答案：
Dear Li Hua，
In your last e－mail you doubt whether it is useful to go to college.But in my opinion, college life is an important part of life, from which we will surely benefit a lot.My reasons are as follows：
First, going to college offers you a good chance to further your education.You can learn more knowledge in your major and broaden your horizons.Also, there are many students of your age in college.You can make friends with those sharing your interests.In addition, higher education and many friends may assure you a nice job.
Therefore, just stay focused on your present school work and your efforts will pay off.
Truly yours，
David。