大鱼文库高考英语知识讲解：一般过去时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时的用法及区别

高考总复习：一般过去时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时的用法及区别
语法讲解
一般过去时的用法
1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态，常和a moment ago，last year，yesterday，at that time，in the past等表示过去的时间副词连用。

Where did you go just now?
2. 一般过去时表示某事在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。

一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事情。

She was a little girl at that time.
I had breakfast about ten minutes ago.
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3.在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。

From the first day that Hitler seized power, January 30, 1933, he knew that only sudden death awaited him if he failed to restore pride and empire to post Versailles Germany.
4. 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。

这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。

The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.
5. It is time that sb. did sth. 早该……了
It is time that you told me the truth.
6. 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等：
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
情态动词could, would：
Could you lend me your bike?
现在完成时用法
现在完成时有四种主要用法：
1. 表示影响
该用法表示某个动作发生于过去，完成于过去，但这这个过
去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。

He has gone home. （其影响或结果：现在不在这里）
I have seen the film. （其影响或结果：我知道其内容）
He has finished his homework. （其影响或结果：可以做其他事情了）
2. 表示持续性
该用法表示某动作发生于过去，但并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去（也可能到此结束）。

He has lived here for five years.
He has worked in the hospital all his life.
3. 表示重复性
该用法表示在过去反复发生的动作，并且这个反复的动作一直延续至今。

My father has always gone to work by bike.
I have always found him difficult to work with.
4. 表示将来，该用法主要见于时间或条件状语从句中，用以表示一个将来完成的动作。

I’ll call you when I’ve arrived home.
If she hasn’t gone to bed when you see her, tell her to give me a ring.
注意：
1.句型It is the first（second, third...) time that...的从句中，谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。

It is the first time that I have been here.
It is the third time that I have visited your beautiful city.
2. 当时间状语为so far, up to now, up till now, in the past/last….; recently时，常常用现在完成时。

现在完成进行时的用法
1. 表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，有可能刚刚停止，也有可能将持续下去。

The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
I have been learning English since three years ago.
2. 表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。

We have been waiting for you for half an hour. （动作不再继续下去）
They have been building the bridge for two month.
They have been planting trees this month.
3. 表示“重复”，即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。

Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.
注意：有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。

They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。

I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。

如know, love，like, hate等。

将来完成时的用法
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。

经常与“before+将来时间”或“by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。

将来完成时的谓语形式为“will/shall have done”
1. 即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。

We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
I save $ 50 a month and I started in January．So by the end of the year I will/shall have saved $ 600．
2. 在时间、条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示从句中(将来的)动作先于主句发生或完成。

Perhaps I’ll know more English after I have learnt it for two years.。