(完整版)初中英语根据鲁教版单词表整理知识点大全(宝典),推荐文档

六上
1. please pleased pleasant pleasure
对…满意:be pleased with have a pleasant trip
--Can you help me? --With pleasure. =I’d love to.(还没做)
-----Thank you ! ----- It’s a pleasure (不用谢)
2. have some problem(s) (in ) doing sth
have some trouble ( in ) doing sth
have some difficulty ( in ) doing sth
have a hard time (in ) doing sth
若后面跟名词in doing 可换成with
3. 基数词one two three four five six seven eight nine
ten eleven twelve thirteen
序数词first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tentheleventh twelfth thirteenth
整十数基数词变序数词把y 变i+eth twentieth thirtieth fortieth 99:ninety---ninth 44:forty---fourth
分子基数词分母序数词分子大于1 分母+s
四分之三：three-quarters 九分之七：seven ninths
二分之一：one second=a half=one half
4. Jim Linda Brown
first name given name middle name
教名
last name
family name
call sb. at+号码给某人打电话
5.like①当动词讲喜欢反义词dislike
②当介词讲像反义词unlike
③喜欢做like to do/doing
feel like doing=would like to do=want to do look like 看上去像be like 像Are you like…=Do you look like…
6.名词变复数：①一般词尾+s apples
②以辅音字母+y 结尾变y 为i+es dictionaries
③以s,x,ch,sh 结尾+es watches buses
④以f,fe 结尾把f/fe 变ves wolf—wolves wife—wives knife—knives
⑤英雄西红柿土豆（+es）heroes tomatoes potatoes
⑥单复数同形sheep(绵羊) deer（鹿）Chinese Japanese
⑦特殊f oot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese man—men
mouse—mice child—children ox—oxen(牛) 男司机a man driver—men drivers 男警察policeman—policemen
男工人a man worker—men workers 渔夫fisherman---fishermen
苹果树an apple tree—apple trees 男生a boy student—boy students
human—humans German—Germans Roman—Romans
8. 闭音节：由1 个元音字母和1 个或多个辅音字母组成的音节. map get
重读闭音节结尾且只有 1 个辅音字母结尾的双写辅音字母+ed 或+ing.
beginning
六下
1.冠词：a , an 不定冠词the 定冠词
（1）同一事物第一次出现用a 或an , 再次出现用the This is a book , the book is mine.
（2）世界上独一无二的东西前+the the moon the earth
（3）序数词，形容词最高级前+the the ninth the longest one
（4）乐器（西洋）前必须+ the play the piano
（5）姓这个姓的的一家人前+ the 后+s the Greens
（6）形容词前+ the 表示一类人the poor
（7）球类运动前，三餐前，学科名词前不加the
2.health 形healthy 副healthily
in good health = healthy
保持健康keep healthy , keep fit , keep in good health（keep = stay）
对你的健康有好处be good for your health
吃得健康eat healthily
3.collect 收藏品collection 收藏家collector 集邮collect stamps
4.help(名，动) 形helpful 用作名词时help 不可数。

I need your help.
帮助某人做某事help sb. do sth = help sb. with sth = help sb . to do 帮助某人摆脱困境help sb. out
在某人的帮助下with the help of sb.==with one’s help
忍不住做某事can’t help doing = can’t stop doing
等不及做…can’t wait to do
在汤姆的帮助下with the help of Tom , with Tom’s help , thanks to Tom’s help 5.月份：1.January 2. February 3.March 4.April 5.May 6.June 7.July
8.August 9.September10.October 11. November 12. December
星期：星期日Sunday 星期一Monday 星期二Tuesday 星期三Wednesday 星期四Thursday 星期五Friday 星期六Saturday
日期：2013-9-20 September 20, 2013
6.speak 过去式spoke 过去分词spoken 演讲speech 发言人
speaker( spokesman)
说中文speak Chinese
英语口语spoken English , oral English
在一个说英语的国家in an English—speaking country
做演讲make/give a speech
电话用语May I speak to Tom? Who’s that？This is Tom.
音乐music 音乐家musician 音乐的musical
7.kind
①It’s kind/nice/polite/impolite/right/wrong/silly + of you to do 其他+ for
②种类 a kind of ; kinds of ; all kinds of
③有点有几分kind of = = a little = a bit = a little bit
一点水 a little water=a bit of water
有点重 a little heavy=a bit heavy
8.名success 形successful 副successfully 动succeed in doing sth.
努力工作是成功的钥匙Working hard is the key to success.
汤姆成功地通过了英语考试Tom succeeded in passing the English exam. 他成功的完成了他的作业He finished his homework successfully.
他是一位成功的音乐家He’s a successful musician.
9.这个箱子太重汤姆搬不动
1.The box is too heavy for Tom to carry.
2.The box isn’t light enough for Tom to carry.
3.The box is so heavy that Tom can’t carry it.
10.乐器：钢琴piano 小提琴violin 吉他guitar 喇叭trumpet 鼓drum 手风琴
accordion play the +乐器
11.few 表示否定几乎没有 a few 表示肯定还有几个修饰可数名词
little 表示否定几乎没有a little 表示肯定还有一点修饰不可数名词12.你来自哪里？Where are you from? Where do you come from? What’s your
address?
13.科目:科学science 语文Chinese 数学math 英语English 物理physic 化学chemistry 体育P.E 美art 音music 电脑computer 生物biology 历史history
地理geography
14.describe 名description
busy 忙于做某事be busy doing = be busy with
strict 对…严格be strict with sb. / be strict in sth.
15.国家：中国China 美国America(USA) 加拿大Canada （加拿大人Canadian）
日本Japan 法国France 澳大利亚Australia 英国the United Kingdom 新加坡Singapore 印度India 俄罗斯Russia 意大利Italy 西班牙Spain 德国Germany
16.花费
① spend … doing
②spend…on
③spend…(in)doing人做主语花费的可以是钱也可以是时间
④ pay for Sb. pays (money) for sth.
⑤cost 只用于花费金钱Sth . cost sb some money
⑥ It / Sth. takes sb . some time to do sth
⑦be worth + money(doing) 某物值多少钱（值得一做）
⑧buy sth for some money 买某物花了多少钱
⑨sell sth for some money 某物卖了多少钱
17.through 从空间里面穿过
go across = cross 从一边到另一边
crossing 十字路口across from 在…对面
jump over 翻越
18.begin 过去式began 过去分词begun 现在分词beginning
首先begin with = start with
at the beginning of 在…开始的时候
end with = end up with (以…结束) = end up doing
在…尽头at the end of
最后in the end
到…来为止by the end of（用于一般将来时和过去完成时）
19.某个时间sometime 一段时间some time 有时sometimes 几次some times
20.danger 形dangerous 危险中in danger
21.newspaper 可数news 与paper 不可数
information 不可数advice 不可数suggestion 可数message 可数22. 等某人wait for sb . wait for sb. to do sth.
等不及做某事can’t wait to do
23. 停止做某事stop doing 停下来去做另一件事stop to do
忘记做过的某事forget doing 忘记去做某事forget to do
记得做过某事remember doing 记得去做某事remember to do 继续做某事go on doing continue doing
继续做另一件事go on to do continue to do
go on with + 名词
七上
1.天气：多风的windy 多云的cloudy 晴天的、阳光充足的sunny 下雪的
snowy 热的hot 寒冷的cold 温暖的warm 凉爽的cool 潮湿的humid
干旱的dry 多雾的foggy 下雨的rainy 结冰的icy
提问天气如何：What’s the weather like? = How’s the weather?
2.lie 现在分词lying die 现在分词dying tie 现在分词tying
3.s urprised surprising
amazed amazing
interested interesting
excited exciting
bored boring
tired tiring
frustrated frustrating
moved moving
touched touching
relaxed relaxing
pleased
4.s urprise: in
pleasant
surprise 惊讶地to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的surprise
sb. 使某人感到惊讶be surprised at 对……感到惊讶5.形容词：high 名：height
形容词deep 名：depth
形容词long 名：length
形容词wide 名：width
6.be patient with be careful with be strict with sb
argue with=have a fight with=have an argument with (生…的气)
end up with 以…结束begin with 以…开始
与…相处得好get along well with get on well with be good with
go on with help sb.with sth 在某事上帮助某人
7.once 一次twice 二次three times 三次
8.尽力做某事(1)、try to do (2).try one’s best to do (3).do one’s best to do
9.look
看：look at 查找：look up 看一看：have a look 留神.当心：look out 寻找：look for 轻视某人，往下看：look down (on) 照顾：look after 把…看作：look upon….as…浏览：look through 看上去像：look like
10.你怎么了？
(1)What’s the matter with you?
(2)What’s wrong with you?
(3)What’s the trouble with you?
(4)What’s your trouble?
(5)What’s the problem with you?
(6)What’s up?
(7)Is there anything wrong with you?
(8)What is going on?
11.ill(adj) (n :illness) 与sick
(1)都当生病讲(2).都可放在be 动词后，sick 可做定语（a sick man）,ill 不能
12.收到某人的信(1).hear from (2).get a letter from (3).receive a letter from
给某人写信write a letter to sb=write to sb
13.worry:
worry about be/feel/become worried about
look worried 看上去担心
14.practice doing finish doing enjoy doing mind doing allow doing
feel like doing permit doing consider doing
15.下决心做某事
make up one’s mind to do
decide to do / not to do
make a decision to do
make decisions to do
16.介词后+doing
consider doing=think about doing
七年级下册
1.还需要10 天：another ten days=ten more days
2.前天：the day before yesterday 昨天：yesterday
今天：today 明天：tomorrow 后天：the day after tomorrow
3.invite 名：invitation
train 名：training
4.全家：all the family=the whole family
5.free 名：freedom
6.这个单词什么意思？
What’s the meaning of the word?
What does the word mean?
What do you mean by the word?
7.way:
by the way 顺便一说in this way 用这种办法
on one’s way (to)在去某地的路上in some ways 在某些方面
in the way 挡道the way you speak 你说话的方式the way of learning English 学英语的办法
8.both 反：neither 两者都（不）all 反none 三者及以上都（不）both…and.. 两者都neither…nor ..两者都不
not only…but also…不但…而且either…or…不是…就是
9.就近原则：There be ….
neither…nor ..两者都不
not only…but also…不但…而且
either…or…不是…就是
10.with ,except, together with, as well as, besides(就远原则)
11.more than=over 超出
He is more than 40.=he is over 40.他40 多岁了
12.be good at=do well in 在…方面做得好
13.be good for(对…好)→反be bad for(对…不好)
与…相处得好be good with get on well with get along well with
14.make
过：made 过分：made
主动：make sb. do 使某人做.. 被动：be made to do 被迫做
make=let 后+动词原形如：Let's go. make sb do
主动：Speak loudly so that you make the others hear you.
被动：Speak loudly so that you make yourself heard .
给某人打电话：make a telephone call to sb phone sb telephone sb
call sb(up) ring sb. (up)
整理床铺：make the bed 泡茶：make tea 包水饺：make dumplings 下决心做某事：make a decision to do make decisions to do
make up one’s mind to do decide to do/ not to do
15.对…感兴趣：be interested in take (an) interest in
名胜：a place of interest 复：many places of interest
使某人感兴趣：interest sb 感兴趣的interested 有趣的interesting 16.win:
win an award=win a prize 赢得奖品win the war 赢得战争
win the game/match 赢得比赛beat sb /team 击败某人/队lose sth.输了…lose to sb/team 输给某人17.care
形：careful 副：carefully 反：carelessly(adv) careless(adj)粗心的
关心：care about care for
当心：be careful take care look out watch out
take good care of=look after…well
当心…be careful with be careful of…
18.消息：information 不可数message 可数
19.在河的两边:on both sides of the river on each/either side of the river
20.turn: turn on 打开turn off 关闭turn up 调高turn down 调低
21.mix 混合名：mixture 混合物
press 压，挤压名：pressure 压力
22.salt 形：salty 咸的
23.(1).切碎cut up (2).把…倒入pour into (3).混合在一起mix up
(4). .把…加在…上add…to…(5).一片面包a slice of bread
24.in common 公共的
礼物gift present
25.hang→hung→hung 悬挂
hang→hanged→hanged 上吊
hang out 闲逛
26.游客：visitor=tourist=travel(l)er
27.end:
在最后：in the end=at last=finally
在…的尽头：at the end of
到…末为止：by the end of
以…结束：end up with sth=end with
以做…结束：end up doing
28.luck：（n）adj: lucky adv: luckily 反：unluckily=unfortunately
29.nation: adj: national 民族的national flag 国旗
30.achieve(v. ) n: achievement
表演：v: perform n :performance
31.钢琴家：pianist 小提琴家：violinist
32.因…而出名：be famous for be well-- known for
作为…而出名：be famous as be well -known as
33.运动员：athlete=player 形：athletic 运动的
34.主修：major in 计划做某事：plan to do
寄给我一张明信片：send me a postcard
35.(1).去徒步旅行：go hiking (2).去观光：go sightseeing (3).去游泳：
go swimming (4).去钓鱼：go fishing (5).去购物：go shopping
36.leave:
(1)出发去某地：leave for 后+要到的地方
(2)left 剩There are a few newspapers left on the desk.
(3)当落下、遗留讲，后+地点I left my bike at home.
37.成长：grow up 一名工程师：an engineer 一名飞行员：a pilot
一位艺术家：an artist .
攒钱：save money
在同时：at the same time
遍布：all over
fit=healthy keep healthy /fit 保持健康
build n :building builder 人，建设者
foreign 外国人：foreigner
洗餐具：do the dishes 倒垃圾：take out the trash 在客厅：in the living room
忙于：work on 干家务：do chores=do housework 洗衣服：do the laundry
借入：borrow …from借出：lend …to
fortable adv: comfortably
terrible terribly
possible possibly
easy adv: easily
39.靠近：be close to
40.without+名/代/动ing He left without telling me.
和…在一起together with=with(就远原则)
Tom with his parents goes to the beach every day.
41.东：east adj: eastern 西：west adj: western
南：south adj southern 北：north adj: northern
42.至少：at least 最多：at most
43.take…to…拿，随身带着；
bring…to…带来
carry 提重物carry for …为…提重物
get / fetch 去拿来
44.后+adj : feel sound look smell taste
feel sound look smell taste +like+ n./ pron..短语
45.Thia is…用于打电话/作介绍用
46.voice 人的声音noise 噪音sound 自然界的声音
47.祈使句
(1).表要求，命令的句子
(2).以动词原形开头(3).变否定句都在句首加don’t
(4)变反义疑问句除了let’s 开头的，加shall we ,其余都可以加will you
Let’s go home ,shall we?
Let us go home ,will you?
Open the door, will you?/won’t you?
Don’t open the door ,will you?
48.join+团体组织，延续动词：be in/ be a member of
join in doing sth 参加活动
take an active part in 积极参加
attend 出席
49.tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事
tell a story 讲故事tell a lie 撒谎tell the truth 说实话
tell sb. about sth.告诉某人有关某事
tell a joke 讲笑话tell of 讲述
tell sb(not)to do sth 告诉某人（不）去做某事
tell…from…把…与…辨别开
50.用英语说：say sth in English
说英语speak English
51.a bit=a little =a little bit=kind of+形/副有一点
a little water=a bit of water
52.across 介词从一边到另一边横过
run across the road = cross the road 过马路
across from 在…对面crossing(十字路口)
through 从空间内穿过go through the tunnel 穿过隧道
over 翻越/垂直上方（斜上方：above 与below 相对）
jump over the fence 翻越栅栏
Have a look before going across the road=have a look before crossing the road 53 . in(at )the front/back of 在空间里面的前/后面
in front of / behind 在空间外面的前/后面
54.玩的高兴：have fun enjoy oneself have a good/great/wonderful/time
have fun with sb 与某人共度快乐时光
have fun doing 做某事很愉快
可作出行前的祝福语：have fun enjoy yourself have a good time / trip
55.allow sb to do (允许某人做…)=allow doing suggest doing sth 建议做某事
56.stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停下来去做某事
阻止某人做某事：stop sb (from)doing sth keep sb from doing sth
prevent sb (from)doing sth
protect sb from doing sth 保护…免受…的伤害
57.北京的天气怎么样？
What’s the weather like in Beijing?
How’s the weather in Beijing?
58.你认为这本书怎么样？
What do you think of the book?
What do you think about the book?
How do you like the book?
How do you feel about the book?
59.这本书多少钱？
How much is the book?
What’s the price of the book?
How much does the book cost?
60.你的老师长的怎么样？What does your teacher look like? He is tall.
你的老师性格怎么样？What is your teacher like? He is outgoing.
你喜欢中国的什么？What do you like about China? The food.
61.照顾：look after take care of look+ at/through/down
照顾好：look after…well take good care of
小心，注意：take care be careful look out(向外看)
62.look:
查阅look up 把…看作look upon… as 看起来像look like
检查（身体）look over 浏览look through 寻找look for 朝…看look at…
1.一般将来时: 八年级上册Unit 1
构成：be+ doing be going to do will do
There be …变一般将来时:There is going to be …There will be…
There will be a class meeting this afternoon.
2.不可数名词：paper pollution
news+ paper→ newspaper 可数
3.little→ less→ least
few→ fewer→ fewest
4.动：pollute 名：pollution 形：polluted
动：build 名：building builder
5.在太空in space 在天空：in the sky
为…腾空：make room for make space for (“空间”不可数)
动：fly 名：flight(航班) fly(n.)苍蝇，可数(flies)
过：flew 过分：flown 单三：flies 现在分词flying
放风筝：fly a kite 时光如飞：How time flies!
take: took taken fall: fell fallen
6.过去分词用在完成时、被动关系、被动语态中，have done，have /get sth done，be done
7.alone 单独的，强调数量
lonely 孤独的，可作定语Although he lives alone, he doesn’t feel lonely.
仅仅这一年，only this year this year alone
做定语：lonely 一座孤岛a lonely island
汤姆自学英语。

Tom teaches himself English.
Tom learns English by himself.
Tom learns English alone.
8.大概：probably maybe perhaps
9.wear 穿着，表状态
put on 穿上，表动作
dress+人(+in+衣物) 化妆dress up 化妆成：dress up as
be in +颜色
10.write→wrote→written ride→ rode→ ridden
predict 名：prediction
think→ thought→ thought 思想
make→made→ made 被动：被迫做某事be made to do
11.science 科学名：scientist 形：scientific
12. so+ 形/ 副so+ 形+a / an+ 名单so good a student
such+名词短语such+ a /an+形+名单such a good student
so+ few/ little/ many/ much(只用so)
such+形+名词复数或不可数名词
13.human+s German+ s Roman+ s
14.seem+形seem+ to be +形It seems that+句子.
Tom seems happy. == Tom seems to be happy. It seems that Tom is happy.
15.不可数homework housework 家务chore 可数
16.太空站space station 爱上fall in love with 实现come true
在未来in the future 寻找look for 数百hundreds of
17.感观动词
感觉feel 听hear listen to 看look see watch notice 后加do/doing
Unit2
1.keep off 远离=keep away from=stay away from
keep out 不让…进入
keep off the grass 禁止践踏草地
Wear worm clothes to keep out the cold. 穿温暖的衣服御寒
keep…from doing…阻止某人做某事keep(on)doing 坚持做某事
赶上keep up with == catch up with
2.与…吵架argue with
have an argument with
have a fight with
have some words with
与某人说话have a word with
3.时髦的in style 不时髦的out of style
4.给某人打电话call sb. (up) give sb. a call ring sb.( up) make a telephone
to sb. call sb. call to sb. .telephone sb. phone sb.
5.球赛的票the ticket to a ball game
门的钥匙the key to the door
问题的答案the answer to the question
问题的解决办法the solution to the question
去…的路the way to…
6.与…一样the same as as…as反be different from
7.成功地做某事succeed in doing 反fail to do
8.主将从现not…until…直到…才…
until=till( 除not…until…)
as soon as, if. When
I won’t go to bed until my mother comes back.
9.抱怨complain about 向..抱怨complain to 与…作比较compare…with
10.on the one hand→ on the other hand
11.free(adj)→(n)freedom
organize(v)→(adj)organized→(n)organization
12.a kind of 一种kinds of 各种各样的=all kinds of
kind of=a bit=a little=a little bit 有点
13.受到…的欢迎be popular with
承受太多的压力be under too much pressure
14.为什么不去散步呢？
Why not go out for a walk?
Why don’t you go out for a walk?
What about going out for a walk?
How about going out for a walk?
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?
Would you like to go out for a walk?
Do you want to go out for a walk?
Do you feel like going out for a walk?
Could you please go out for a walk?
Would you mind going out for a walk?
15.我们班除了我都被邀请了Everyone in my class was invited except me.
16.I don’t know.. .简单句: +how to do it / what to do / what to do about it
复合句:+what I should do / how I should do it
17.遗留leave sth.+地点forget to do/doing 忘记
Could you please give me some advice on how to learn English well?
18.一感二听三让四看半帮助：
feel ; hear/ listen to; let/ make/ have;(/get sb. to do sth.) ;
see/ look/ watch /notice; (help)
have sth done ==get sth. done
help+ do/to do
Unit3
1.过去进行时: 过去某一时刻正在做was/were+ doing
when+时间点短暂动词+一般过去式/一般现在式while
延续动词+一般过去式/一般现在式
We were reading when the teacher came in.
The teacher came in while we were reading .
2.(1).barber shop (2).in the kitchen (3).get out of (4).take off 脱/起飞(5).train station (6).run away (7).hear about/of （8）.come in (9).in silence =silently (10).take place 有计划的发生(11).look out of 从…向外看
3.变过去式和过去分词
(1).cut cut cut (2).buy bought bought (3).get got gotten (4).ride rode ridden (5).run ran run (6).meet met met
（7）hear heard heard (10).become became (8).ring
become
rang rung (9).tell told told
4.happen 偶然发生What happened to you?你发生了什么事？
take place 有计划的发生happen to do 碰巧做某事，不可预料的
5.follow(adj) following 下列的，顺着，沿着
follow the river 沿着河走follow me=come with me
follow / take one’s advice采纳某人建议
bright 明亮的,聪明的=clever=smart
6.close (adj)反far closed 反open(adj) open(v.) ---close(v.)
延：be closed be open
商店已开了8 个小时The shop has been open for eight hours.
The shop opened eight hours ago.
7.silence(adj) silent(adv) silently recent 近来,recently
8.一次不同寻常的经历an unusual experience
9.商店很拥挤The shop is crowded. 我去北京的航班my flight to Beijing
10.一位民族英雄a national hero two national heroes
Unit4
1.be angry with=be mad at
2.首先first of all
3.传递pass on
4.被期望be supposed to do
5.在…做得好do well in=be good at
6.身体健康in good health
7.
克服恢复原谅get over
8.下决心decide to do make decisions to do
make a decision t o do make up one’s mind to do
9.打开open up
10.照顾care for care about
look after+(well)== take good care of
11.危险的in danger 在危险中dangerous 危险的
12.一个努力学习的学生 a hard --working student
13. luck 形lucky 副luckily=fortunately 反unluckily
祝你好运Good luck to you
Luckily, he was saved.幸运的是，他被救了lucky dog 幸运儿
14.bad 副badly 比worse 最worst
15.true 副truly 名truth I am truly sorry.
实现come true I am really sorry.
My dream has come true.=I have achieved my dream.
16.直接引语到间接引语
(1).当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况用任何时态，当主句为一
般过去式时，从句必须用过去的某种状态。

(2)人称转变
(3)语序转变，一定是陈述句
(4)若给你的句子是一般疑问句要先加if 或whether+陈述名，若是祈使名，
间接引语中要用tell sb to do sth 或tell sb not to do sth
(5)真理性的结论，时态不要变
He said:“the moon moves around the earth.”
He told me that the moon moves around the earth
unit5
1.语法：unless=if not 除非
if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时
If(when)Tom comes, I will tell you.
if 当是否讲，引导的宾语从句，要么用一般将来时，要么用过去将来时
I don’t know if he will come.
I didn’t kno w if he would come .
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. I will stay at home if it rains.
2.帽子hat(带帽沿) cap(无帽沿)
围巾scarf 可数手套gloves 牛仔裤jeans 毛衣sweater 连衣裙dress
夹克衫jacket 裤子pants 长外套overcoat 短裤shorts 鞋子shoes 体恤衫T- shirt
女士衬衫blouse 裙子skirt 雨衣raincoat 制服uniform 领带tie 裤子trousers 袜子socks 长筒女袜stocking
3.组织organize(v) organized(adj) organization(n)
4..支持做某事be for doing
against 反对做某事be against doing sth
与…对抗play against We play soccer against them.
against 靠着Tom is standing against the wall.
The rain is hitting against the window.
5.吵架argue(v ) argument(n)
与…吵架argue with quarrel with have an argument with have a fight with have some words with，
6.三年半three years and a half two hours and a half
three and a half year two and a half year
half 复halves
7.与…分享share with care(v)关心adj: careful careless adv: carefully
carelessly
8.在世界各地around the world across the world in the whole world
all over the world
9.靠做…谋生make a living (by) doing
Unit6
1.collect 收集collection(n) 收藏品collector(n)收藏家
or 结尾：演员actor collector 参观者visitor translator
集邮collect stamps
2.养猪raise/keep pigs
raise 及物动词“养、筹钱、举”，raise your hand=put up your hand；raise money
rise 不及物动词“上升”，The price is rising. The river is rising.
3.several hundred 几百
several=a few+可数名词
4.放风筝fly a kite 用光run out of / use up
5.way ：顺便说一下by the way ；挡道get in the way
在去某地的路上on one’s way to；在回家的路上on one’s way home
在去学校的路上on one’s way to school；用这种方法in this way 在某些方面in some ways
6.共同的in common
7.对…感兴趣be interested in take an interest in
8.more than=over
Unit7
1. mind Would you mind doing?
下决心做make up one’s mind to do
2.not …at all=not… in the slightest
3.turn up 调高；turn down 调低；turn on 打开；turn off 关上
4.right away=at once
5.waiter waitress ；actor actress ；host hostess
6.the solutions to the problems
7.b uy bought；think thought；bring brought ；
catch caught；teach taught
8.w ait in line（反）jump/cut in line
9.p olite politely ；impolite impolitely
10.被动be done 变时态变be
11.We should speak to the old men politely.
The old men should be spoken to politely.
12.把…还给return…to；give…back to(代词位于中间)
13.keep down 压低声音，使缓和
14.first of all=at first
15.allow sb to do sth / allow doing
16.在共共场合in public
17.当心take care ；be careful ；look out；watch out
18.违反规定break the rule；遵守规则obey the rule
19.put 把…放入put into ；推迟put off+ doing
把…收好put away ；张贴，举手put up
熄灭put out 穿上put on 放下put down 捡起pick up(顺道接某人) 20.垃圾garbage litter rubbish 不可数
Unit8
1.suggestion(可) ；advice(不可)
a suggestion ；a piece of advice
suggest doing 建议做某事
2.p erson(n) personal(adj)= private personality(n.)
3.be aimed specially at teenager
4.收到某人的信hear from ；get a letter from ；receive a letter from
给某人写信write a letter to ；write to
5.accept 表接受；receive 收到这个动作
6.mouse 复mice 老鼠；rat 大老鼠; hamster 仓鼠
7.child 复children 孩子
8.熟能生巧Practice makes perfect.
9.花费：(1) Sb..spend on
(2).Sb.spend in doing 时间/金钱
(3).Sb.spend doing
(4)Sb.pay for 钱在中间
(5).Something cost sb some money.
(6).It takes sb some time to do sth.
(7).Sb. buy sth for some money 钱在后面
(8).Sb. sell sth for some money
(9).be worth some money 值多少钱be worth doing 值得做
10.入睡fall asleep be asleep(延续)
11.选择做某事choose to do
choose 过chose 过分chosen 名choice
12.礼物gift 正式的present 小礼物
13.稍后later on
14.赠送、分发give away ；give out；hand out
15.更喜欢做某事prefer to do ；prefer doing=like doing/to do better prefer to do rather than do；
prefer doing to doing
would do rather than do；would rather do than do
rather than 胜于做某事；而不是
instead of doing 代替做某事
16.encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
17.make progress 取得进步；取得很大进步make great progress
The harder you study , the greater progress you will make.
你学习越努力，你取得的进步就越大
make friends with 与…交朋友
18.be interested in ；take an interest in
19.be doing 变为被动：be being done
1.语法：现在完成时八年级下册
Unit1
概念：(1).表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；
(2).表示过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。

构成：have/has done
与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
for a long time ；since；yet(否、疑) ；already（肯）；ever；just lately=recently ；before ；in the last/past few years
have gone 去了，没回来；have been 去了，回来了
延续动词（现完）come → be；come / go → be ；die → be dead
borrow → keep ；buy → have ；join → be in / be a member of / be with leave → be away from ；begin /start → be on
I have had the book for 3years
I have had the book since 3years ago
It is 3years since I bought the book
I bought the book 3years ago
Three years has passed since I bought the book
2.neither
neither… nor…既不…也不（就近）；反义：both…and..两者都
neither 作主语进为单数
Neither of you goes back home.你们2 个都不要回家
Tom likes reading . So do I. / Me too.
not only …but also…. ；neither…nor；either…or；there be（就近）Tom goes to school on foot. So he does.他的确如此。

(不完全倒装)
So does Kate. 凯特也是（完全倒装）
Tom doesn’t go to school on foot. Neither/Nor he does.他的确如此。

(不完全倒装)
Neither/Nor does Kate. 凯特也不（完全倒装）If Tom goes there, so will I . If Tom doesn’ t go ,neither will
I . ”
3.if 当是否讲，引导宾语从名，从句用一般将来时/过去将来时；
if 当如果讲，遵循主将从现原则引导条件状语从句。

I don’t know if he will come . If he comes, I will tell you.
4.以…为主题be themed with
5.attract 名attractiom attract…to…吸引…到…的地方
Mount Tai attracts many visitors to Tai’an every year.
6.走不同的路线take different routes
以…结束end up with sth / end up doing
交换生an exchange student
空中服务员flight attendant
7.覆盖cover 发现discover
用…盖着cover… with 被…盖着be covered with
大地被雪覆盖着The ground is covered with snow.
充满fill…with be filled with be full of
8.reguire 要求requirement 要求某人做某事require sb to do sth
Sth. require/ need/ want doing. (doing=to be done)
9.7/9 seven ninths 分子基数词,分母序数词，分子大于1，分母加s 。

one second=a half
10.population 中国的人口是多少？How many people are there in China?
What’s the population of China?
How large is the population of China?
多用large, big , ,少用small
整体人口看作单数，部分人口看作复数(即被分数或some,most 等修饰)
The population of the students in our school is over 8000.
Three quarters of them are girls.
11.在船上on board 度假be on holiday, go on vacation
在白天in the daytime=during the day , 在夜晚at night
12.睡醒wake up 全年上下all year round
13.an excellent student
He is a brave boy .He saved Tom bravely.他是一个勇敢的男孩，他勇敢地救了Tom.
Unit2
1.pronounce(v) , (n)pronunciation
different(adj) , (adv)differently, (n)difference
frustrated 令人失望的, frustrating
2.q uick(adj), (adv)quickly
have a quick breakfast=have breakfast quickly
3.把…加到add…. to…
4.exciting , excited ; moving , moved ; touching , touched
5.not.. at all=not.. in the slightest 不用谢/根本不
6.spoken English , oral Eng lish 英语口语
说英语speak English 用英语说say sth in English ,
make /give a speech 做演讲, give a talk 作报告have a talk 听报告
电话用语：May I speak to Tom?
7.slow , slowly
8.犯错make mistakes , 错误地by mistake
9.solve, (n)solution , the solution to the problem
10.稍后later on
11.be afraid to do , be afraid of doing , be terrified to do，be terrified of doing
12.嘲笑某人laugh at , 造一个完整的句子make a complete sentence
做笔记take/make notes , 编造make up ,
查阅look up , 照顾look after,
仔细检查look over , 浏览look through , 小心look out, 像look like=be like, 看look at, 看起来一样look the same, 寻找look for, 看一看have/take a look, 向下看/轻视look down , 盼望做look f orward to doing , 把…看做look upon…as
一个漂亮的a good- looking girl，look worried, 他的新样子his new look
13.How do you deal with it? What do you do with it?
have some trouble (in)doing sth , have some problem(s)(in)doing sth
have some difficulty (in)doing sth , have a hard time (in)doing sth 做…有困难(in)doing 可换为with sth
14.unless=if …not
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
I will go out if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
I will go out unless if rains tomorrow.
15.把…看作regard…as… ,consider…as… , treat…as… , keep…as…,
have…as…, look upon…as…think of…as…
16.on duty , on watch , on show , on display , on business , on sale
on fire , on holiday
17.easy(adj) , (adv)easily
This problem is very easy .He works it out easily.
18.生某人生气be angry with , be mad at , 消逝go by
19.lost lost lost ; break broke broken ; develop(v), development(n), developed
发达的, developing 发展中的; disagree , disagreement(n)
20.尽力做某事try to do , try one’s best t o do , do one’s best to do
21.agree with , disagree with ; be for sb , be against sb , be against doing
22.这本书丢了The book is missing . The book is lost. The book is gone.
Unit3
ed to do 过去常常做,be used to do=be used for doing 被用来做某事,
be used to doing 习惯于做某事,be used as 被当作,
a used car 一辆二手车, use up=run out of 用光,
use(v) , useful(adj)有用的useless 无用的。