问路和指路及There be句型

Name_____________ No._______
一、a/an的用法
英语中表示“一个（块，片，只，本，杯......）”应用不定冠词"a/an"来表达。

an[An]用于以元音开头的字母或可数单数名词（可单名）前,
a [[]用于以辅音开头的字母或可数单数名词（可单名）前。

例如：a book[bUk] 一本书，an apple[5Apl]一个苹果
1、一个a/e/i/o用an,一个以a/e/i/o开头的单词前也常用an.
an a, an e, an i, an o
2、一个u用a，一个以u开头的单词前用a/an均可。

当“u”发[ju:]时，用a,当
“u”发[Q]时，用an. a u, an uncle, a UFO
3、一个"h"用an,一个以h开头的单词前用a/an均可。

当h不发音时，用an;当
“h”发[h]时，用a。

an h, an hour[5aU[], a hat
4、一个"f/l/m/n/s/x/r"用an,一个以f/l/m/n/s/x/r开头的单词前用a。

5、一个" b/c/d/j/k/p/q/t/v/w/y/z"用a ；一个以" b/c/d/g/j/k/p/q/t/v/w/y/z"开头的单词前常用a。

二、the的用法
the 可以修饰不可数名词，单数可数名词，复数名词,但是不可以单独用。

the+可数单数名词=this/that+可数单数名词,the+复数名词=these/those+复数名词
1、用于世界上独一无二的十五前。

the USA the UN the UK
2、用于介词短语中。

on the table in the backpack
3、当名词作主语时，其前常用the. The pen is on the table.
4、一个可数单数名词第一次出现用a/an,再次出现用the;一个复名词第一次出现用some,再次出现用the.This is a pen.The pen is nice.
These are some pens.The pens are nice.
5、一般在一般疑问句中常用a/an,在特殊疑问句中常用the。

Is this a pen?
Where is the pen? What color is the pen? Who is the boy?
6、如果在一个可单名前可以用“一个......”来修饰，则用a/an,如果用这/那来修饰则用the。

There is a pen on the desk. The boy in the picture is my brother.
一、介词
①在......上on ②在......里in ③在......下under
④在......后behind ⑤在......旁边next to/beside
⑥在......与......之间between...and... ⑦在......(之外)的前面in front of=before,
⑧在......(之内)的前部in the front of, ⑨在......中间in the middle/center of ,
⑩在......左边/右边on the left/right of ,
(11)在某人的左边/右边on one's left/right=on the left/right of sb
(12)在.....的对面across from=on the other side of
二、介词短语。

在沙发上on the sofa 在梳妆台后behind the dresser
在餐桌下under the table
在桌子与椅子之间between the table and the chair
在抽屉里in the drawer 在沙发旁边next to the sofa
在我的双肩背包里in my backpack 在地板上on the floor
在卧室里in the bedroom 在床的旁边next to the bed
在沙发后behind the sofa
在书柜和卧室之间between the bookcase and the bedroom
在餐桌旁边next to the table 在桌子下面under the table
在沙发上on the sofa 在梳妆台上on the dresser
在双肩背包里in the backpack 在梳妆台里in the dresser
在桌子上on the table 在树上（长在树上）on the tree
在树上(不是树上长的)in the tree 在画里in the picture
在墙上（表面）on the wall 在墙里(里面)in the wall
三、常用的句型
主语+be+介词短语. 对介词短语提问用where
（一）单数句型The+单数名词is+介词短语
The pen is on the desk.→Where is the pen?
One's(形物/名所)+单数名词is+介词短语.
形物:my,your,his,her,our,their 名所:Jim's,Anna's
My pen is on the desk. →Where is your pen?
This/That+单数名词is+介词短语.
This/That pen is on the desk.→Where is this/that pen?
He/She/It+ is+介词短语.
He/She/It is on the desk. →Where is he/she/it?
I am+介词短语.
I am on the desk.→Where are you?
（二）复数句型
The+复数名词are+介词短语
The pens are on the desk.→Where are the pens?
One's+复数名词are+介词短语
One's(形物/名所)+单数名词is+介词短语.
形物:my,your,his,her,our,their 名所:Jim's,Anna's
My pens are on the desk.→Where are your pens?
These/Those+复数名词are +介词短语.
These/Those pens are on the desk.→Where are these/those pens?
We/You/They are+介词短语.
We are on the desk.→Where are you?
They are on the desk.→
一、基本要点：
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）。

2、在there be 句型中,be动词有is,are两个。

当主语是可单名时,be 动词用is ; 当主语是复数名词时,be 动词用are ;当主语时不可数名词时,be动词用is;当主语为并列名词,be动词由第一个名词决定,而与其它的名词无关。

There is a pen and two books on the desk.
There are two books and a pen on the desk
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：
there be 表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：
some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：
and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many + 名词复数+ are there + 介词短语？
How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 介词短语？
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What's + 介词短语？
9、对介词短语提问:Where is/are the +名词？
10、与have/has 的区别：在含"有"的句子前加"在"意思不变则用there be, 如意思要变则用have/has, 有时可互换。

There are some books in my bag.=I have some books in my bag.
Our school has 17 classes.=There are 17 classes in our school.
二、句型转换：
1、当名词为不可数名词时
肯定句：There is some +u.n +介词短语.
否定句：There is not any +u.n +介词短语.
一般疑问句：Is there any u.n.+介词短语?
肯定回答：Yes,there is.(there 不可改)
否定回答：No,there isn't(there 不可改)
对some提问：How much +u.n. is there +介词短语?
对some+u.n.提问：What's +介词短语?
对介词短语提问：Where is the +u.n?(将some改为the)
2、当名词为可数单数名词时：
肯定句：There is a/an +可单名+介词短语.
否定句：There is not a/an +可单名+介词短语.
一般疑问句：Is there a/an +可单名+介词短语?
肯定回答：Yes,there is.(there 不可改)
否定回答：No,there isn't(there 不可改)
对a/an提问：How many +复名are there +介词短语?
对a/an+可单名提问：What's +介词短语?
对介词短语提问：Where is the +可单名?(将a/an改为the)
3、当名词为复数名词时：
肯定句：There are +some 复名+介词短语.
否定句：There are not any 复名+介词短语.
一般疑问句：Are there any 复名+介词短语?
肯定回答：Yes,there are(there 不可改)
否定回答：No,there aren't(there 不可改)
对a/an提问：How many +复名are there +介词短语?
对a/an+可单名提问：What's +介词短语?
对介词短语提问：Where are the +复名?(将some改为the)
巩固练习：用be动词的正确形式填空。

1. There ____ a desk near the window.
2.There___ some money in the purse.
3.There____ an apple on the tree.
4.______ there any children in the room?
5._____ there a pen and two rulers in your bag?
6.There _____ 54 students in our classroom.
7.There _____ three women and a man over there
8.There ___ some apples onthe tree.
9.There _____ 50 yuan in Emma's purse.
(一)Asking for directions(问路)请问，公园在哪里？
Excuse me! How far is the park,please?
Excuse me! Is there a park near here?
Excuse me! Where is the nearest park,please?
Excuse me! How can I get to the park?
Excuse me! Which is the way to the park?
Excuse me!Could you tell/show me the way to the park?
Excuse me!Do you know the way to the park?
Excuse me!Can you find the way to the park?
Excuse me!Could you tell me where the park is?
Excuse me!Could you tell me which is the way to the park? Excuse me!Could you tell me how I can get to the park?
Excuse me!Could you tell me how to get to the park?
Excuse me!Could you tell me if there is a park near/around here /in the neighborhood?
（二）Giving directions(指路)
1.It's over there. It's on Fifth Avenue /Centre Street.
/It's +prep. the +名词地点.(It's across from the supermarket.)
/It's about 100 metres away./It's down Bridge Street on the left.
2.①Go/Walk along/down/up the road/street.
②Go straight and turn left./Go straight along the street.
/Go upstairs and turn left.
③Cross the bridge.＝Go across the bridge. Go through Fifth Avenue.
④Take the +序数词(fifth)+turning on the left/right.
=Turn left/right at the+序数词(fifth)+turning/crossing.
⑤Go on to the end of the road.
=go on until you reach the end of the road.
⑥You'll find/see it in front of you /on your left/right.
You can find it easily .You can't miss it.
3.①The nearest one is about ... kilometres away.
②You'd better go there by bus.
=You'd better take/catch a bus to go there.
③The bus stop is along the road on the right/left.
④The No. 9 bus will take you right there.
You need a No. 9 bus to go there.
Take a No.9 bus on the right and get off at the fourth stop.
4.①I'm sorry I don't know.=I'm sorry I've no idea.
=I'm sorry I'm not sure.
②You'd better ask the policeman for help over there . He may know.
--Thank you all the same.
③I'm sorry I'm a stranger myself. --Thank you all the same.
④I'm sorry,I'm new around here. --Thank you all the same.
附录：1、地点名词。

post office, library,restaurant,bank,supermarket,pay phone,park,market,hotel,school,hospital,airport
2、常见的表地点介词：
①在......上on,②在......旁边next to/beside,
③在......与......之间between...and....,④在......后behind,
⑤在......(之外)的前面in front of=before,⑥在......(之内)的前部in the front of,
Teachers stand in front of students and in the front of the classroom.
⑦在......中间in the middle/center of ,⑧在......左边/右边on the left/right of ,
⑨在某人的左边/右边on one's left/right=on the left/right of sb
⑩在.....的对面across from=on the other side of
3、介词短语：由介词+the/one's+名词构成或者由介词+专有名词构成。

①on Center Street,on Bridge Street, on Fifth Avenue
②next to the post office,beside the park, next to the bank
③between the park and the hotel, between the park and the school
④behind the supermarket, behind the pay phone
⑤in front of the post office, in front of the hospital
⑥in the front of the school,in the front of the classroom
⑦in the middle/center of the city
⑧on the left of the library,on the right of the bank
⑨on my left/right=on the left/right of me
⑩across from the pay phone,on the other side of the market
二、常用的句型。

1.There is a/an +地点名词+介词短语。

There is a post office on Center Street.
2.Where is the +地点名词？It's +介词短语。

Where is the park? It's between the hotel and the school.
补充句型：①one of you/us/them,one of the/one's +复数名词，作主语时，其后的动词在一般现在时态中，动词用三单现，be用is
One of them likes English. One of mt friends is from England.
②S1/S2+had better do sth. 某人最好做什么。

S1/S2+had better not do sth. 某人最好别做什么。

Students had better listen carefully in class.
Students had better not talk in class.。