英语中代词的用法

英语中代词的用法

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：

数单数复数

格主格宾格主格宾格

第一人称I me we us

第二人称you you you you

he him they them

第三人称she her hey them

it it t they them

主格作主语或表语，如：He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。It’s me. 是我。

宾格作及物动词和介词的宾语, 还可作表语. Aunt Li took care of us. Who is knocking at the door It's me.

二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。

形容词性物主代词my your his/her its

our your their

名词性物主代词mine yours his/hers its

ours yours/ theirs

形容词性物主代词只能做定语,修饰名词,相当于形容词,如：I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。

名词性物主代词可以做主语、宾语和表语，相当于名词, 如：Our school is here，and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。

三、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those 等。

如：That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。

四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。反身代词表示主语发生的动作落在主语自己身上,或用来加强名词或代词的语气。

如：She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。

I hope he didn't hurt herself. She taught herself English.

五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。

如：They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。

六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody，something，none。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：

---Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗？

---Yes，I have one. --是的，我有一辆。

---I don’t know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。

(一)可分为普通不定代词,个体不定代词和数量不定代词:

通不定代词:some, any, no, somebody, nobody, anybody, someone, anyone, no one, something, anything, nothing, one

个体不定代词:all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, everybody, everyone, everything

数量不定代词:many, much, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, lots of

(二) 普通不定代词的用法:

1. some一般用于肯定句, 当预期对方作肯定回答时也用于疑问句:

Could you please give me some information about ir

还用于表示要求和提供某物的句子:

Would you like some tea

2. any 的用法:

(1)用于否定句及含有否定意义词(hardly, never, no)的句子中:

I have hardly any time.

(2)用于疑问句中和条件句中: Do you see any birds in the tree

(3) some, any, no, 与one, thing, body 构成的合成词的用法:这些代词都表示单数的概念,some, any与one, thing, body构成的合成词的区别与和的用法基本相同.

There is someone looking for you outside.

If you want anything, call me, please.

这些代词如被定语修饰, 应放在定语前,如被else修饰,也放在else前:

Is there anything new in the newspaper

I'm afraid I can't help you, you'd better ask someone else.

3. other, another 的用法:

两者均可指人,也可指物,other 意为"另外",不确指,需要确指时前加定冠词the, the other,,意为another"另一个":

other: (1)后跟名词(单,复),泛指"别的,其他的"

The Great Wall is longer than any other wall in the world.

I'll go swimming with other friends tomorrow.

the other后跟名词单或数,或后不跟名词, 特指两者中的另一个:

At last we got the other side of the river.

Thirty are girls and the other students are boys in our class.

I have two pens, one is blue and the other is red.

(3) others 后不加名词,泛指另外一些别的人或事物;the others 特指其余所有的人或事物:

Some of us like playing table-tennis, and others like playing basketball.

Thirty in our class are girls, and the others are boys.

(4) 泛指三者以上的"一些"不用加the, 用"some…. others"的形式:

Some people like it, others not.

another:

泛指另一个,不与the连用,只能跟可数名词单数:

I don't like this one, will you please show me another

We asked him to sing us another song.

4.both, either, neither的用法:他们均用于两者之间,neither, either用做单数,both用做复数,

both:肯定句中表示"两者都",用于否定句中表示"两者不都",即部分否定:

Both of the sisters are good at English.]

Not both of them are good at English.(One is good at English, the other isn't.)

I don't know both his brothers. (I only know one of them.)

Both,,,and,,,, 连接两个主语时谓语动词用复数:

Both my bothers and I are teachers.

(2) neither: 表示"两个都不", either表示"两个中的任何一个", neither是either的否定形式,两者均表示单数形式,做主语时谓语动词用单数形式: