A108
钢材国内外标准牌号对照
钢材国内外标准牌号对照钢材作为一种重要的建筑材料,在工业生产和建筑领域有着广泛的应用。
然而,由于各国对钢材的标准命名存在差异,导致在国际贸易和工程项目中可能出现混淆和困惑的情况。
因此,了解国内外钢材标准牌号的对照关系是非常重要的。
在国内,中国国家标准委员会(GB)制定了一系列的钢材标准,其中包括常用的标准牌号。
下面是国内常用钢材牌号及其对照的国际标准牌号。
1. Q235 对应的国际标准牌号为 ASTM A36,JIS SS400,EN S235JR,ISOE235BQ235是中国的常用结构钢材,具有良好的焊接性能和可塑性。
它被广泛用于建筑和机械制造领域。
对应的国际标准牌号包括美国的ASTM A36标准,日本的JIS SS400标准,欧洲的EN S235JR标准和国际标准化组织的ISO E235B标准。
2. Q345 对应的国际标准牌号为 ASTM A572 Gr.50,JIS SS490/SM490A,ENS355JR,ISO E355BQ345是中国的高强度低合金结构钢材,具有良好的机械性能和焊接性能。
它被广泛用于桥梁、建筑和船舶制造等领域。
对应的国际标准牌号包括美国的ASTM A572 Gr.50标准,日本的JIS SS490/SM490A标准,欧洲的EN S355JR标准和国际标准化组织的ISO E355B标准。
3. 45 对应的国际标准牌号为 ASTM A108,JIS S45C,EN C45,ISO C45E445钢是一种碳素结构钢,具有良好的机械性能和热处理性能。
它广泛应用于制造机械零部件和工具。
对应的国际标准牌号包括美国的ASTM A108标准,日本的JIS S45C标准,欧洲的EN C45标准和国际标准化组织的ISO C45E4标准。
4. 304 对应的国际标准牌号为 ASTM A240/A240M,JIS G4304,EN 10088-2,ISO 15510304不锈钢是一种常用的不锈钢材料,具有良好的耐腐蚀性和可加工性。
astm a108低碳钢棒用途
ASTM A108是美国材料和试验协会(ASTM)制定的标准,用于规范低碳钢棒的化学成分、机械性能和其他相关要求。
低碳钢棒是一种常见的金属材料,具有良好的可加工性和焊接性能。
它广泛应用于各种工业领域,包括建筑、制造业、机械加工、汽车制造、航空航天等。
以下是一些ASTM A108低碳钢棒的常见用途:
1. 机械零件制造:低碳钢棒常用于制造各种机械零件,如轴承、销轴、螺栓、螺母、螺纹杆等。
2. 结构用途:低碳钢棒可用于建筑结构中的支撑杆、连接件、梁柱等。
3. 自行车和摩托车制造:低碳钢棒常用于自行车和摩托车的车架、车把、车轮等部件。
4. 钢丝绳制造:低碳钢棒可用于制造钢丝绳的芯线。
5. 零件加工:低碳钢棒可用于制造各种零件,如螺纹杆、销轴、轴承等。
总之,ASTM A108低碳钢棒具有广泛的应用领域,适用于各种机械制造和结构工程。
具体用途取决于其化学成分、机械性能和加工性能的要求。
常青藤A106-A108反思
常青藤A106-A108反思
原来,秋天来临后,树木感受到来自秋天的气候的变化,从而使自身大量的叶红素把绿油油的叶绿素遮盖住,人们自然看到树叶变成红色或黄色的了。
一到秋天,落叶树停止生长,只需少量养料就可存活。
在落叶前,树干先分解叶绿素,分解产生的物质从叶子输送到树恨,作为过冬养料。
叶绿素分解后,树叶里就剩下叶红素,所以能看到树叶由绿变黄。
树叶之所以是绿色是因为叶子中有叶绿素。
可树叶中除了有绿色素外,还有红色素、黄色素等许多色素,只是数量很少而已。
到了秋天,绿色素慢慢褪去,红色素、黄色素便露了出来。
所有的树叶中都含有绿色的叶绿素,树木利用叶绿素捕获光能并且在叶子中其他物质的帮助下把光能以糖等化学物质的形式存储起来。
除叶绿素外,很多树叶中还含有黄色、橙色以及红色等其他一些色素。
虽然这些色素不能像叶绿素一样进行光合作用,但是其中有一些能够把捕获的光能传递给叶绿素。
在教天和夏天,叶绿素在叶子中的含量比其他色素要丰富得多,所以叶子呈现出叶绿素的绿色,而看不出其他色素的颜色。
这类树叫做落叶树。
经有些树的叶子生长年度超过了一年,由于叶片长出来的时间不同,所以老叶片落了,新叶片继续生长,树上老有绿叶,保持着长青。
这类树叫做常青藤。
孩子们似懂非懂,但都了解并认识了常青藤和落叶树!。
A108信息技术首席信息官在线测试2卷
1.《教育信息化“十三五”规划》的目的是全面深入推进“十三五”教育信息化工作。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:2.美国麻省理工学院最先开创了开放教育资源。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:3.信息技术与教育的融合即是实现教育的结构性变革。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:4.教师发展记录袋不能够真正助力教师发展。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:5.思维训练的作用,可以帮助学生激发思维、整理思维、开拓思维。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:6.云计算是分布式处理、并行处理和网格计算的发展。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:7.合作学习能增进学生的感情,培养学生的人际交往能力。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:8.信息化技术要渗透到学生平时的生活学习之中。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:9.教育信息化的基本目标是推进信息技术与教育教学融合创新。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:10.智慧教育的真谛是通过利用智能化技术构建智能化环境,让师生施展灵巧的教与学方法,能够为学习者提供个性化服务,使其由不能变为可能,由效能变为大能,从而培养具有良好价值取向、较高思想品质和较强能力的人才。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:单选题(总分30分,每题1分,共30小题)11.云计算可以三种部署模式,即公有云、()和混合云。
A. 网络云B. 私有云C. 区域云D. 职业区答案:B解析:12.关于技术环境的特点的说法错误的是。
A. 开放性B. 广域性C. 交互性D. 人文性答案:D解析:13.选择学习管理平台需考虑平台的()A. 功能丰富程度B. 易用性C. 成本D. 以上均包括答案:D解析:14.信息技术与教育教学融合可以分为四个层次,依次为:A平移;B支撑整合点、模式创新;D 智慧教育。
A. ABCDB. ACBDC. ACDBD. ADBC答案:A解析:15.促进教师专业发展的有效载体是()A. 课题研究B. 课堂教学C. 技术学习D. 研修活动答案:A解析:16.以下属于信息技术改变学习方式的是()A. 简易多媒体辅助教学B. 翻转课堂C. 课上引导学生进行小组学习D. 以上均包括答案:B解析:17.以下选项哪个是微课的类型A. 习题讲述型B. 讲授操作型C. 故事知识型D. 综合类型答案:D解析:18.()能告诉我们什么最有效率的,我们通过它不仅能看到更大规模的客观数据,而且对“数据”的理解也更为深入,我们可以根据这些“数据”进行记录与分析,理性对待学生学业等方面的发展,对学生整体的学习状态和个体的知识掌握情况产生读到的见解。
ASTM A108-2013 冷加工碳素钢及合金钢棒材规格
Designation:A108−13Standard Specification forSteel Bar,Carbon and Alloy,Cold-Finished1This standard is issued under thefixed designation A108;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(´)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1This specification covers cold-finished carbon and alloy steel bars produced in straight length and coil to chemical compositions.Cold-finished bars are suitable for heat treatment,for machining into components,or for use in the as-finished condition as shafting,or in constructional applications,or for other similar purposes(Note1).Grades of steel are identified by grade numbers or by chemical compo-sition.N OTE1—A guide for the selection of steel bars is contained in Practice A400.1.2Some end uses may require one or more of the available designations shown under Supplementary Requirements. Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser.1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:2A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars,Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought,General Requirements forA304Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability RequirementsA322Specification for Steel Bars,Alloy,Standard Grades A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA400Practice for Steel Bars,Selection Guide,Composition, and Mechanical PropertiesA510/A510M Specification for General Requirements forWire Rods and Coarse Round Wire,Carbon Steel,and Alloy SteelA576Specification for Steel Bars,Carbon,Hot-Wrought, Special Quality2.2Other Documents:SAE Handbook and SAE J1086Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys(UNS)3AIST Bar Steels:Steel Product Manual43.Terminology3.1Definitions:3.1.1product tolerance levels—cold-finished steel bar is produced with up to three(3)increasingly tight tolerance levels,for the individual product characteristics,dependent on the method of manufacture necessary to meet purchaser-ordered specification requirements.(Product Tolerance Level1 is selected,unless otherwise specified by purchaser.)4.Ordering Information4.1Orders for cold-finished steel bar to this specification should include the following items to adequately describe the material:4.1.1Name of material,4.1.2ASTM specification number and date of issue,4.1.3Chemical composition,or steel grade designation or limits as defined in Specification A29/A29M,4.1.4Silicon level,if required,4.1.5Additional machinability-enhancing elements(see Footnote F to Table1of Specification A29/A29M),4.1.6Surface Condition(Surface tolerances listed in Table A1.7,Table A1.8,and Table A1.9),4.1.7Tolerance Levels(Reference tolerances listed in Table A1.1through Table A1.9),4.1.8Shape(round,hexagon,square,flat,etc.),size,and length,4.1.9Report of heat analysis,if required,4.1.10End use,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.15on Bars.Current edition approved Aug.15,2013.Published August2013.Originally approved st previous edition approved in2007as A108–07.DOI: 10.1520/A0108-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from SAE International(SAE),400Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale, PA15096-0001,.4Available from Association for Iron&Steel Technology(AIST),180Thorn Hill Road,Warrendale,PA15086–7528,*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959.United States4.1.11Additions to the specification and special or supple-mentary requirements,if required,and4.1.12For coiled product,the coil weights,inside diameter, outside diameter,and coil height limitations,when required.N OTE2—A typical ordering description is as follows:Steel Bar;ASTM A108,dated_____;ASTM Steel Grade-1117;Coarse Grain;Cold Drawn;1.500-in.(38.10-mm)diameter round;12ft(3657.61mm)long; Heat Analysis Required;Precision Machined Parts.N OTE3—A more complex ordering description is as follows:Steel Bar; ASTM A108,dated____;ASTM Steel Grade-1045;Fine Grain;Cold Drawn,Turned,Ground and Polished;chamfer both ends;Mechanical Property Test Results;Hardness test; 2.000-in.(50.80-mm)diameter round;12ft(3657.61mm)long;Heat Analysis Required;Precision Machined Parts.5.General Requirements5.1Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A29/A29M.6.Materials and Manufacture6.1Feedstock—Cold-finished steel bar shall be produced from hot-wrought carbon or alloy steel bar(Specification A29/A29M),or from hot-wrought rod designated for cold-finished bar(Specification A510/A510M).6.2Condition—The product shall be furnished in one of the following conditions as specified by the purchaser.6.2.1Rounds:6.2.1.1Cold drawn,6.2.1.2Cold drawn,turned,and polished,6.2.1.3Cold drawn,ground,and polished,6.2.1.4Cold drawn,turned,ground,and polished,6.2.1.5Cold drawn,turned,and ground,6.2.1.6Hot wrought,turned,and polished,6.2.1.7Hot wrought,turned,ground and polished,6.2.1.8Hot wrought,turned,and ground,and6.2.1.9Hot wrought,rough turned.6.2.2Squares,Hexagons:6.2.2.1Cold drawn,and6.2.2.2Cold rolled.6.2.3Flats:6.2.3.1Cold drawn,and6.2.3.2Cold rolled.6.2.4Special Bar Sections:6.2.4.1Cold drawn,and6.2.4.2Cold rolled.6.3Heat Treatment:6.3.1Unless otherwise specified,the bars shall be furnished as cold-finished.Plain Carbon Steels with a maximum carbon over0.55%and Alloy Steels with a maximum carbon over 0.38%shall be annealed prior to coldfinishing.6.3.2The following heat-treatment processes may be per-formed singularly or in combination:6.3.2.1Annealed,6.3.2.2Normalized,6.3.2.3Stress relieved,and6.3.2.4Quenched and tempered.7.Chemical Composition7.1Chemical Composition:7.1.1The chemical analysis of the steel shall conform to that specified in Specification A29/A29M for the steel grade ordered,or to such other limits as may be specified using the standard ranges in Specification A29/A29M.7.1.2Steels may be selected from:Specifications A29/ A29M,A304,A322,A510/A510M,and A576;the SAE Handbook;or the AIST Bar Steels:Steel Product Manual. 7.1.3When a steel’s composition cannot be identified by a standard grade number in accordance with7.1.1and7.1.2,the limits for each required element may be specified using the chemical ranges shown in the table(Heat Analysis Chemical Ranges and Limits of Carbon Steel Bars)of Specification A29/A29M.8.Tolerance Levels8.1Cold-Finished Bars—The permissible dimensional variations for cold-finished carbon and alloy steel bar shall not exceed the applicable tolerance levels or limits stated in Annex A1for inch-pound values.9.Workmanship,Finish,and Product Presentation9.1Workmanship:9.1.1Within the limits of good manufacturing and inspec-tion practices,the bars shall be free of injurious imperfections which,due to their nature,degree,or extent,will interfere with the use of the material in machining or fabrication of suitable parts.9.1.2Table A1.8contains the recommended minimum stock removal(per side of bar)to assist in the removal of surface discontinuities in coldfinished or hot rolled bars.9.2Finish:9.2.1Unless otherwise specified,the bars shall have a commercial bright smooth surfacefinish,obtained by conven-tional cold-finishing operations such as cold drawing or cold rolling.9.2.2When a superior bar surfacefinish is required,bars may be obtained as:turned and polished,ground and polished, or turned,ground,and polished.(Reference Table A1.7)9.2.3Bars that are thermally treated after coldfinishing may exhibit a discolored or oxidized surface.9.2.4When diameter tolerances for round bars are more restrictive than commercial standard size tolerances listed in Table A1.1or Table A1.2,then refer to Table A1.3size tolerances attained from the Grinding and Polished operation.9.3Product Presentation:9.3.1The bars shall be given a surface coating of oil or other rust inhibitor to protect against corrosion during shipment. 9.3.2The bar bundles shall be identified,packaged and loaded to preserve the physical appearance,product tolerance and identity of the cold-finished product,as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier,at time of order accep-tance.N OTE4—Steel bar or machined bar surface is a perishable quality condition and may be altered by mis-handling or detrimental exposure to moisture or corrosive conditions.The preservation of surfacequalityrequires the utmost care in subsequent customer handling,storage,or processing.Rust preventive oils are necessary to coat and provide a barrier to displace harmful moisture or corrosive conditions to prevent rust. 10.Certification10.1Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification together with a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time of shipment.11.Keywords11.1alloy steel;carbon steel;cold-finished;steel bar;turned barSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser in the inquiry,contract,or order.Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon in writing,by the manufacturer and the purchaser.Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate any requirement of the specification itself.S1.Hot Rolling Reduction RatioS1.1When required,purchaser may require the supplier to report the reduction ratio of the initial Bloom/Billet cross sectional area tofinished hot rolled cross sectional area.S2.Steel Melting ProcessS2.1When required,purchaser may require the supplier to report the steel melting process(Basic Oxygen Furnace, Electric Arc Furnace,etc.)for each initial heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser.S3.Steel Refinement ProcessS3.1When required,purchaser may require the supplier to report the steel refinement processes performed after melting and before casting(Vacuumed Degassed,etc.)on the heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser.S4.Continuous Casting ProcessS4.1When required,purchaser may require the supplier to report the casting process(Bloom,Billet,etc.)for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser.S5.Country or Countries of OriginS5.1When required,purchaser may require the supplier to report the country of origin where the steel was melted for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser.S5.2When required,purchaser may require the supplier to report the country of origin where the steel was hot rolled for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser.S5.3When required,purchaser may require the supplier to report the country of origin where the steel was coldfinished for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser.S6.Mechanical PropertiesS6.1When required,at time of inquiry or purchase,pur-chaser may require the supplier to report the cold-finished steel bar mechanical properties for each heat/lot number supplied to the purchaser.Mechanical properties shall be evaluated in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions in Test Methods A370.S7.Surface InspectionS7.1When required,at time of inquiry or purchase,pur-chaser may require the supplier to inspect the coldfinish steel bar surface within a non-destructive surface inspection process to assist in the detection of most surface discontinuities that exceed the maximum allowed depth tolerances listed in Table A1.8or other tolerances agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.Non-destructive surface inspection process has limitations and will not guarantee or warranty100%detection of all surface discontinuities in a steel bar.S8.Bar MarkingS8.1When required,bar marking specification require-ments shall be agreed upon between the purchaser andsupplier.ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1.PERMISSIBLE V ARIATIONS IN QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS—INCH-POUND AND METRIC UNITSTABLE A1.1Size Tolerances for Level One Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars,Cold Drawn A or Turned and Polished ASize,in.(mm)BMaximum of Carbon Range 0.28%or lessMaximum of Carbon Range over 0.28%to 0.55%inclMaximum of Carbon Rangeto 0.55%incl,Stress Relieved or Annealedafter Cold FinishingMaximum of Carbon Range over 0.55%or All Grades Quenched and Tempered or Normalized and Tempered before or after Cold FinishingAll tolerances are in inches (mm)and are minus CRounds—Cold Drawn D to 6in.(152.4mm)or Turned and Polished To 11⁄2(38.1)incl,in coils,or cut lengths 0.002(.051)0.003(.076)0.004(.102)0.005(.127)Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 21⁄2(63.50)incl 0.003(.076)0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.006(.152)Over 21⁄2(63.50)to 4(101.60)incl 0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.007(.178)Over 4(101.60)to 6(152.40)incl 0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.008(.203)Over 6(152.40)to 8(203.20)incl 0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.008(.203)0.009(.229)Over 8(203.20)to 9(228.60)incl0.007(.178)0.008(.203)0.009(.229)0.010(.254)HexagonsTo 3⁄4(19.05)incl0.002(.051)0.003(.076)0.004(.102)0.006(.152)Over 3⁄4(19.05)to 11⁄2(38.10)incl 0.003(.076)0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.007(.178)Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 21⁄2(63.50)incl 0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.008(.203)Over 21⁄2(63.50)to 31⁄8(79.38)incl 0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.009(.229)Over 31⁄8(79.38)to 4(101.60)incl 0.005(.127)0.006(.152)......SquaresTo 3⁄4(19.05)incl0.002(.051)0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.007(.178)Over 3⁄4(19.05)to 11⁄2(38.10)incl 0.003(.076)0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.008(.203)Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 21⁄2(63.50)incl 0.004(.102)0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.009(.229)Over 21⁄2(63.50)to 4(101.60)incl 0.006(.152)0.008(.203)0.009(.229)0.011(.279)Over 4(101.60)to 5(127.00)incl 0.010(.254).........Over 5(127.00)to 6(152.4)incl 0.014(.356).........Flats EWidth:To 3⁄4(19.05)incl0.003(.076)0.004(.102)0.006(.152)0.008(.203)Over 3⁄4(19.05)to 11⁄2(38.10)incl 0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.008(.203)0.010(.254)Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 3(76.2)incl 0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.010(.254)0.012(.305)Over 3(76.2)to 4(101.60)incl 0.006(.152)0.008(.203)0.011(.279)0.016(.410)Over 4(101.60)to 6(152.40)incl 0.008(.203)0.010(.254)0.012(.305)0.020(.508)Over 6(152.40)0.013(.330)0.015(.381)......AWhen the purchaser requires a more restrictive size tolerance,then refer to Table A1.3,which requires the above cold drawn or turned and polished bar product to be ground and polished as a final sizing operation.BStandard manufacturing practice can cause end distortion resulting in those portions of the bar being outside the applicable size tolerance.When this end condition is undesirable,a saw cut end to remove end distortion should be considered.CWhile size tolerances are usually specified as minus,tolerances may be ordered all plus,or distributed plus and minus,with the sum being equivalent to the tolerances listed.DMaximum allowable deviation in roundness around the circumference of the same cross-section of a round cold drawn bar is 1⁄2the size tolerance range.EWidth governs the tolerances for both width and thickness of flats.For example,when the maximum of carbon range is 0.28%or less,for a flat 2in.(50.80mm)wide and 1in.(25.40mm)thick,the width tolerance is 0.005in.(.127mm)and the thickness tolerance is the same,namely,0.005in.(.127mm).TABLE A1.2Size Tolerances for Level One Cold-Finished Alloy Steel Bars,Cold Drawn A or Turned and Polished ASize,in.(mm)BMaximum of Carbon Range 0.28%or lessMaximum of Carbon Range over 0.28%to 0.55%inclMaximum of Carbon Rangeto 0.55%incl,Stress Relieved or Annealedafter Cold FinishingMaximum of Carbon Range over 0.55%with or without Stress Relieving or Annealingafter Cold Finishing.Also,all Carbons,Quenched and tempered (heat treated),or Normalized and Tempered,before or after Cold FinishingAll tolerances are in inches (mm)and are minus CRounds-Cold Drawn D to 6in.(152.40mm)or Turned and Polished To 1(25.4)incl,in coils 0.002(.051)0.003(.076)0.004(.102)0.005(.127)Cut Lengths:To 11⁄2(38.10)incl0.003(.076)0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.006(.152)Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 21⁄2(63.50)incl 0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.007(.178)Over 21⁄2(63.50)to 4(101.60)incl 0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.008(.203)Over 4(101.60)to 6(152.40)incl 0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.008(.203)0.009(.229)Over 6(152.40)to 8(203.20)incl 0.007(.178)0.008(.203)0.009(.229)0.010(.254)Over 8(203.20)to 9(228.60)incl 0.008(.203)0.009(.229)0.010(.254)0.011(.279)Hexagons To 3⁄4(19.05)incl0.003(.076)0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.007(.178)Over 3⁄4(19.05)to 11⁄2(38.10)incl 0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.008(.203)Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 21⁄2(63.50)incl 0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.009(.229)Over 21⁄2(63.50)to 31⁄8(79.38)incl 0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.008(.203)0.010(.254)Over 31⁄8(79.38)to 4(101.60)incl 0.006(.152).........Squares To 3⁄4(19.05)incl0.003(.076)0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.008(.203)Over 3⁄4(19.05)to 11⁄2(38.10)incl 0.004(.102)0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.009(.229)Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 21⁄2(63.50)incl 0.005(.127)0.007(.178)0.008(.203)0.010(.254)Over 21⁄2(63.50)to 4(101.60)incl 0.007(.178)0.009(.229)0.010(.254)0.012(.305)Over 4(101.60)to 5(127.00)incl 0.011(.279).........Flats ETo 3⁄4(19.05)incl0.004(.102)0.005(.127)0.007(.178)0.009(.229)Over 3⁄4(19.05)to 11⁄2(38.10)incl 0.005(.127)0.006(.152)0.009(.229)0.011(.279)Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 3(76.2)incl 0.006(.152)0.007(.178)0.011(.279)0.013(.330)Over 3(76.2)to 4(101.60)incl 0.007(.178)0.009(.229)0.012(.305)0.017(.432)Over 4(101.60)to 6(152.40)incl 0.009(.229)0.011(.279)0.013(.330)0.021(.533)Over 6(152.40)0.014(.356).........AWhen the purchaser requires a more restrictive size tolerance,then refer to Table A1.3,which requires the above cold drawn or turned and polished bar product to be ground and polished as a final sizing operation.BStandard manufacturing practice can cause end distortion resulting in those portions of the bar being outside the applicable size tolerance.When this end condition is undesirable,a saw cut end to remove end distortion should be considered.CWhile size tolerances are usually specified as minus,tolerances may be ordered all plus,or distributed plus and minus,with the sum being equivalent to the tolerances listed.DMaximum allowable deviation in roundness around the circumference of the same cross-section of a round cold drawn bar is 1⁄2the size tolerance range.EWidth governs the tolerances for both width and thickness of flats.For example,when the maximum of carbon range is 0.28%or less,for a flat 2in.(50.80mm)wide and 1in.(25.40mm)thick,the width tolerance is 0.006in.(.152mm)and the thickness tolerance is the same,namely,0.006in.(.152mm).TABLE A1.3Size Tolerances for Level Two and Level Three Cold Finished Round Bars:Cold Drawn -Ground and Polished,Cold Drawn-Turned -Ground and Polished,or Turned -Ground and PolishedSize,in.(mm)Cold Drawn -Ground and Polished,Cold Drawn -Turned -Ground and Polished A Size,in.(mm)Turned,Ground and Polished A Tolerances from Specified Size,Minus Only,in.(mm)Level 2Level 3To 11⁄2(38.10)inclTo 11⁄2(38.10)incl0.001(.0254)0.0008(.0203)Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 21⁄2(63.50)excl Over 11⁄2(38.10)to 21⁄2(63.50)excl 0.0015(.0381)0.0013(.033)21⁄2(63.50)to 3(76.20)incl 21⁄2(63.50)to 3(76.20)incl 0.002(.0508)0.0015(.0381)Over 3(76.20)to 4(101.60)incl Over 3(76.20)to 4(101.60)incl 0.003(.0762)0.0025(.0635)...Over 4(101.60)to 6(152.40)incl 0.004(.1016)B 0.003(.0762)B ...Over 6(152.40)0.005(.127)B0.004(.1016)BA Maximum allowable deviation of roundness or ovality tolerances are agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.BFor nonresulfurized steels (steels specifiedto maximum sulfur limits under 0.08%),or for steels thermally treated,the tolerance is increased by 0.001in.(.025mm).TABLE A1.4Straightness Tolerances for Cold Finished Bars A ,BN OTE 1—These straightness tolerances are not applicable to steel bars having Brinell Hardness exceeding 269.This also includes:all grades quenched and tempered or normalized and tempered before or after cold finishing;and all grades stress relieved or annealed after cold finishing having a Brinell Hardness above 269.Size,in.(mm)Length,ft (mm)Straightness Tolerances,in.(mm)(Maximum Deviation)from Straightnessin any 10-ft Portion of the BarMaximum of Carbon Range,0.28%or LessMaximum of Carbon Range,over 0.28%andAll Grades Thermally TreatedRounds Squares,Hexagons,and Octagons RoundsSquares,Hexagons,and OctagonsLess than 5⁄8(15.88)Less than 15(4572)1⁄8(3.17)3⁄16(4.76)3⁄16(4.76)1⁄4(6.35)Less than 5⁄8(15.88)15(4572)and over 1⁄8(3.17)5⁄16(7.94)5⁄16(7.94)3⁄8(9.53)5⁄8(15.88)and over Less than 15(4572)1⁄16(1.59)1⁄8(3.17)1⁄8(3.17)3⁄16(4.76)5⁄8(15.88)and over15(4572)and over1⁄8(3.17)3⁄16(4.76)3⁄16(4.76)1⁄4(6.35)AThe foregoing tolerances are based on the following method of measuring straightness:Departure from straightness is measured by placing the bar on a level table so that the arc or departure from straightness is horizontal,and the depth of the arc is measured with a feeler gage and a straightedge.BIt should be recognized that straightness is a perishable quality and may be altered by mishandling.The preservation of straightness in cold-finished bars requires the utmost care in subsequent handling and storage.Specific straightness tolerances are sometimes required for carbon and alloy steels in which case the purchaser should inform the manufacturer of the straightness tolerances and the methods to be used in checking the straightness.TABLE A1.5Length Tolerances for Cold Finished Steel BarProduct Tolerance Level Tolerances,in.(mm)PlusAllowable Deviation above Specified Uniform LengthCutting Process Minimum Maximum Level 1Shear Cut 0.000 2.000(50.80)Level 2In-Line Saw Cut 0.000 1.000(25.40)Level 3Off-Line Saw Cut0.0000.500(12.70)TABLE A1.6Across-Corner Tolerances for Hexagon and Square Cold Drawn Steel Bar AProduct Tolerance Level Tolerance Range Applied to Across Corner CalculationsHexagon,in.(mm),MinusSquare,in.(mm),MinusLevel 10.025(.64)0.030(.76)Level 20.020(.51)0.025(.64)Level 30.015(.38)0.020(.51)Sharp Corner Hexagon Calculation =(1.1547×D )Sharp Corner Square Calculation =(1.4142×D )Round Corner Hexagon Calculation =[1.1547×(D -2r )]+2rRound Corner Square Calculation =[1.4142×(D -2r )]+2rAWhen required,type of corner must be specified at time of order inquiry.TABLE A1.7Surface Roughness Average A (Ra)Tolerances for Cold-Finished Steel Bar B ,CProduct Tolerance Level Allowable Maximum Deviation of Surface Roughness Average (Ra)Measurement Turned and Polished Ground and Polished Maximum,(µin.)(Ra)Maximum,(µin.)(Ra)Level 1Not Required40Level 2B 6030Level 3B4020A RMS (root mean square calculation)is no longer applied to measure surface roughness.Roughness average (Ra)is current technology measurement output data.BSpecial surface Ra restrictions must be agreed upon at time of order inquiry,between purchaser and supplier.Lower Ra values are available with additional bar passes and/or special processing conditions.CThis table excludes a cold drawn bar surface because there is no surface stock removal.The cold drawn bar surface quality is dependent on the pre-existing hotroll surface condition and the type of descaling method (shot blast,or pickled)employed before cold drawing.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A108–07)that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved Aug.15,2013.)(1)Changes made to 1.3,2.2,3.1.1,4.1.3,4.1.6,Note 2,Note 3,7.1.2,9.1.2,9.2.2,9.3.2,S6.1,S7.1,Table A1.1and Table A1.2Footnote B,Table A1.3,Table A1.4,Table A1.8,Table A1.9.(2)Added 9.2.4,Table A1.1and Table A1.2Footnote A,Table A1.7Footnote C,Table A1.8Footnote B.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@ (e-mail);or through the ASTM website ().Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE A1.8Surface Discontinuity Tolerances for Cold-Finished Steel Bar A ,BProduct Tolerance LevelMaximum Allowable Surface Discontinuity Depth and Recommended Stock Removal Depth per Side of BarCarbon and Alloy Non-resulfurizedCarbon and AlloyResulfurized (0.08thru 0.19%Sulfur)Carbon and AlloyResulfurized (0.20thru 0.35%Sulfur)Maximum Depth 1⁄4(6.35mm)thru 5⁄8(15.88mm)max.in.(mm)Maximum Depth (%of Size)over 5⁄8(15.88mm)thru 6(152.40mm)(max.percentage)Maximum Depth 1⁄4(6.35mm)thru 5⁄8(15.88mm)max.in.(mm)Maximum Depth (%of Size)over 5⁄8(15.88mm)thru 6(152.40mm)max.percentage)Maximum Depth 1⁄4(6.35mm)thru 5⁄8(15.88mm)max.in.(mm)Maximum Depth (%of Size)5⁄8(15.88mm)thru 6(152.40mm)(max.,percentage)Level 10.008(.20)1.6%0.010(.25)2.0%0.012(.30)2.4%Level 2NilNilNilNilNilNilAThe information in the chart is the expected maximum surface discontinuity depth within the limits of good manufacturing practice.Occasional bars in a shipment may have surface discontinuities that exceed these limits.For critical applications,the purchaser may require the cold finish steel bar supplier to perform non-destructive surface testing on the bars prior to shipment.Non-destructive surface testing does not guarantee 100%surface detection of all surface discontinuities.For critical applications or assemblies,it is advisable to perform final surface inspection on the finished machined part (after machining and/or heat treatment is completed).BLevel 2requires surface stock removal by turning or multiple grinding passes when Level 1max allowed depth (per side of bar)are not acceptable in a cold drawn steel bar.TABLE A1.9Surface Decarburization Tolerances for Cold-Finished Steel Bar AProduct Tolerance LevelMaximum Affected Depth All Carbon or Alloy Steel GradesMaximum Inches of Decarburizationper Side of Bar1⁄4(6.35mm)thru 5⁄8(15.88mm)Sizes,All Shapes,max.in.(mm)Maximum Percentage of Decarburizationper SideBased on Percentage of Size over 5⁄8(15.88mm)thru 6(152.40mm)Sizes,All Shapes,(max.,%)Level 10.010in.(.25)1.6%Level 2NilNilALevel 2requires metal removal by turning or multiple grinding for small bars.。
1018钢材标准
1018钢材标准
1018钢是一种低碳钢,通常用于制造机械零件、轴承、螺栓等产品。
它符合美国ASTM标准中的ASTM A108标准,该标准规定了冷拉制造的碳素钢条、棒材、型材和丝材的制造要求。
ASTM A108标准中关于1018钢的主要要求包括:化学成分、机械性能、尺寸公差等。
下面是关于1018钢的典型化学成分要求:
- 碳含量:0.15-0.20%
- 锰含量:0.60-0.90%
- 硅含量:0.15-0.35%
- 磷含量:≤0.04%
- 硫含量:≤0.05%
此外,ASTM A108还规定了1018钢材的机械性能要求,如抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率等,以及外观质量和其他相关要求。
除了ASTM A108标准之外,不同国家和地区还可能有自
己的标准和规范适用于1018钢材。
在进行采购和使用时,建议参考当地的标准和规范,以确保材料的质量和性能符合预期要求。
A108信息技术首席信息官在线测试1
A108信息技术首席信息官在线测试1判断题(总分20分,每题2分,共10小题)1.小课题研究从工作中的小问题开始,切口小,周期短,上手容易,实用性强等特点。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:2.4G是真正意义的高速移动通信系统。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:3.微课是一段课堂实录。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:4.在发送电子邮件时,收发双方都必须同时在线。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:5.中小学教师信息技术应用能力测评方式应采用在实践和发展中的表现和成果开展测评。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:6.思维训练的作用,可以帮助学生激发思维、整理思维、开拓思维。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:7.互联网+时代再不能按个人的意志去管理学校, 而是要时刻把师生的利益放在首位,根据师生的需求营造优良环境,提供优质服务。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:8.黑客泛指非法入侵他人电脑系统的爱好者。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:9.智能眼镜就像“像智能手机一样,具有独立的操作系统,可以由用户安装软件、游戏等软件服务商提供的程序,可通过语音或动作操控完成添加日程、地图导航、与好友互动、拍摄照片和视频、与朋友展开视频通话等功能,并可以通过移动通讯网络来实现无线网络接入的这样一类眼镜的总称”。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:10.使用蓝牙技术可以远距离传送数据。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:单选题(总分30分,每题1分,共30小题)11.《教育信息化“十三五”规划》的总目标任务是()A. 以教育信息化推动教育现代化B. 以教育现代化推动教育信息化C. 信息技术融入课堂教学D. 信息技术提升教育教学效率答案:A解析:12.构建网络研修社区要素的保障是()A. 成员协作B. 技术平台C. 组织制度D. 以上都不是答案:C解析:13.以下选项哪个是微课的特点A. 数据量小B. 内容丰富C. 视频时间超过20分钟D. 数据量大答案:D解析:14.()是采用现代化计算机技术,来模拟或展示特定虚拟世界的一项高科技信息化技术。
第A108讲_主要责任人和代理人,附有客户额外购买选择权的销售
第一节收入四、关于特定交易的会计处理(三)主要责任人和代理人当企业向客户销售商品涉及其他方参与其中时,企业应当确定其自身在该交易中的身份是主要责任人还是代理人。
1.企业作为主要责任人的情形当存在第三方参与企业向客户提供商品时•,企业向客户转让特定商品之前能够控制该商品的,应当作为主要责任人。
企业作为主要责任人的情形包括:(1)企业自该第三方取得商品或其他资产控制权后,再转让给客户。
企业应当评估该权利在转让给客户前,企业是否控制该权利。
在进行上述评估时,企业应当考虑该权独仅在转让给客户时才产生,还是在转让给客户之前就已经存在,且企业一直能够主导其使用,如果该权利在转让给客户之前不存在,则企业实质上并不能在该权利转让给客户之前控制该权利。
【教材例16-21】20X7年1月,甲旅行社从A航空公司购买了一定数量的折扣机票,并对外销售。
甲旅行社向旅客销售机票时,可自行决定机票的价格等,未售出的机票不能退还给A航空公司。
【分析】本例中,甲旅行社向客户提供的特定商品为机票,并在确定特定客户之前已经预先从航空公司购买了机票,因此,该权利在转让给客户之前已经存在。
甲旅行社从A航空公司购入机票后,可以自行决定该机票的价格、向哪些客户销售等,甲旅行社有能力主导该机票的使用并且能够获得其几乎全部的经济利益。
因此,甲旅行社在将机票销售给客户之前,能够控制该机票,甲旅行社的身份是主要责任人。
【教材例16-22】甲公司经营购物网站,在该网站购物的消费者可以明确获知在该网站上销售的商品均为其他零售商直接销售的商品,这些零售商负责发货以及售后服务等。
甲公司与零售商签订的合同约定,该网站所售商品的采购、定价、发货以及售后服务等均由零售商自行负责,甲公司仅负责协助零售商和消费者结算货款,并按照每笔交易的实际销售额收取5%的佣金。
【分析】本例中,甲公司经营的购物网站是一个购物平台,零售商在该平台发布所销售商品信息,消费者可以从该平台购买零售商销售的商品。
CPA 会计 第A108讲_非同一控制下取得子公司购买日后合并财务报表的编制
第五节长期股权投资与所有者权益的合并处理(非同一控制下企业合并)二、非同一控制下取得子公司购买日后合并财务报表的编制(一)对子公司个别财务报表进行调整对于非同一控制下企业合并中取得的子公司,应当根据母公司在购买日设置的备查簿中登记的该子公司有关可辨认资产、负债的公允价值,对子公司的个别财务报表进行调整,使子公司的个别财务报表反映为在购买日公允价值基础上确定的可辨认资产、负债等在本期资产负债表日应有的金额。
被购买方一项固定资产,采用年限平均法计提折旧,无残值,预计尚可使用年限为10年,购买日2×17年1月1日调整分录(以固定资产为例,假定固定资产公允价值大于账面价值)如下:1.投资当年借:固定资产——原价(调整固定资产价值)贷:资本公积借:资本公积贷:递延所得税负债借:管理费用(当年按公允价值应补提折旧)贷:固定资产——累计折旧借:递延所得税负债贷:所得税费用2.连续编制合并财务报表借:固定资产——原价(调整固定资产价值)贷:资本公积——年初借:资本公积——年初贷:递延所得税负债借:年初未分配利润(年初累计补提折旧)贷:固定资产——累计折旧借:递延所得税负债贷:年初未分配利润借:管理费用(当年补提折旧)贷:固定资产——累计折旧借:递延所得税负债贷:所得税费用【例题】2×17年1月1日,P公司用银行存款3 000万元购得S公司80%的股份(假定P公司与S公司的企业合并属于非同一控制下的企业合并)。
购买日,S公司有一办公楼,其公允价值为700万元,账面价值为600万元,按年限平均法计提折旧额,预计使用年限为20年,无残值。
假定A办公楼用于S公司的总部管理。
其他资产和负债的公允价值与其账面价值相等。
假定S公司的会计政策和会计期间与P公司一致,不考虑P公司和S公司的内部交易及合并资产、负债的所得税影响。
要求:(1)在合并财务报表中编制2×17年12月31日对S公司个别报表的调整分录。
公司战略与风险管理(2020)考试辅导-第A108讲_终极股东对于中小股东的“隧道挖掘”问题(1)
第五章公司治理【知识点 8】终极股东对于中小股东的“隧道挖掘”问题在传统的公司治理理论中,一般都是将如何保障公司股东利益不被侵占作为关注的重点,相应的治理结构和治理机制也都是基于此种考虑进行设计的。
但在如今的现实世界中,委托—代理问题还体现为大股东与中小股东之间的利益冲突,具体表现为终极股东对中小股东的“隧道挖掘”的剥夺型公司治理问题。
一、“ 隧道挖掘” 问题的成因(一)许多公司都存在着一个或几个具有绝对影响力的大股东;对那些数量上占绝大多数的中小股东而言,实际上只拥有名义上的控制权,这与其所承担的实际风险并不对等。
(二)当资本市场缺乏对小股东利益的保护机制时,对公司经营活动具有控制力的大股东的行为更加不容易被约束,他们可能以牺牲众多的中小股东利益为代价,通过追求自利目标而非公司价值目标来实现自身福利最大化,从而导致终极股东的“隧道挖掘”问题。
(三)“隧道挖掘”行为的产生,在于控制股东“隧道挖掘”的收益大于其“隧道挖掘” 的成本。
( benefit> cost)1.收益来源于控制股东所掌控的权利;2.成本则反映了控制股东对其行为所承担的责任。
二、“ 隧道挖掘” 问题的表现剥夺型公司治理问题主要是控制股东剥夺其他中小股东利益的行为,即“隧道挖掘”行为。
剥夺是指终极股东利用控制股东身份侵犯公司资源,进而损害其他股东(以及其他利益相关者)利益的行为,其可以分为以下两种类型:(一)滥用公司资源。
滥用公司资源是指并非以占有公司资源为目的,但也未按照公司整体目标为行动导向的行为。
终极股东滥用公司资源违背了其作为代理人的勤勉义务。
(二)占用公司资源1.占用公司资源是指终极股东通过各种方法将公司的利益输送至自身的行为。
违背了其作为代理人的忠实义务。
2.占用公司资源的利益输送行为,又可以分为直接占用资源、关联性交易和掠夺性财务活动三类。
( 1)直接占用资源。
直接占用资源是指终极股东直接从公司将利益输送给自已,表现为直接借款、利用控制的企业借款,代垫费用、代偿债务、代发工资、利用公司为终极股东违规担保、虚假出资、预付账款等。
实拍素材A108DVD
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申奥宣传片申奥宣传片01 申奥宣传片02 申奥宣传片03SP075 食品、家居用品类广告阿波罗唯美瓷砖长颈鹿油漆广告多宝牛初乳富味杨梅高乐高高清--雪菲力专题古领神酒海印集团豪吉食品华美月饼华夏银行、中央电视台甲天下汤圆1甲天下汤圆2金剑南酒金莱客休闲服金龙鱼花生油金鹿蚊香金苹果运动鞋金味酥油葵花油洗发水李锦记酱油1李锦记酱油2露露饮料麦当劳美居中心明治欣欣杯食品南国小商品城欧派厨柜日威食品双汇火腿双汇玉米火腿睡得香蚊香鹰麦花生油SP074 科技产品、电器类广告AULDEY汽车DHL速递广告IBM成功属于每个人IBM梦想属于年轻人IBM魔力宝箱IBM魔力宝箱1 IBM优化生活的力量奥柯玛空调奥克思空调奥克思形象广告澳柯玛家庭影院步步高DVD大阳摩托倒车雷达东魏摩托格力空调广州本田广州万宝冰箱居华电工康佳彩电快译通曼科电器南方高科手机南方摩托农行松下电器夏新A6现代空调星和空调志高空调智能达复读机中国移动广告中域电迅SP073 服饰化妆品、医药类广告宝宝金水宝宝金水1博雅眼科创美时化妆品丹姿洗发露德胜宝宝蛇胆金水东莞亚洲制药芬柔洗发水辅仁牌鹿角胶海洋传说面膜黑人牙膏1金球康康洁士洗发水乐信咳嗽水流行美罗西尼表美丽夏鞋美医生01美医生02暖仲国束身保暖内衣佩莉洗护系列亲道宝宝金水三笑牛奶香皂膳通纤维果蔬片舒肤佳乌鸡白凤丸纤丝鸟美体衣云香精药品(三维)广告中兴汉方鸡血藤片SP072 科技、金融、商务IBM电脑应用分子02 列车太空站01-03IBM企业协同工作IBM什么是电子商务IBM四海一家server_03 server_04电信&股市-01 电子商务-00 分子01 股市光电光遂道01金融01-04科技科技瞬间科技展望科研汽车展钱01钱02商务商务光电-01商务会议01-06数字流01-04太空网吧网络电话-01微波卫星卫星通信银行银行金融证券金融01-03SP071 美容、医疗、科技、军事不孕不育投影打电话-电脑电脑操作工作观察胎儿运动机房01-04肌肤1-5激光制造键盘-01军事01-03控制室01-03水中游泳天象仪通信01通信02网络教育-01网络教育-02芯片制造医疗医疗设备特写医生用显微镜观察医生在仪器前讲话医学医学心电图医药社保医院急诊SP070 人文景观和文物景观北京北陵门前北陵门前1 北运河打高尔夫球打球跳水大帅府大帅府门前东陵东陵-拉出冬天回到家乡飞机-01飞机-02红旗划船家庭01快乐奔跑的儿童1旅游风光和航空美女与干涸大地人和地球商场场景拍摄少女奔跑沈阳故宫(鱼眼镜拍摄)水边的山村跳动思维文德坊牌楼一百米跑SP069 自然风光草地草地绿叶长城与山村庄与山大树滴水的叶子地质巨变东南亚飞鸟风景-划船风起云涌干裂土地1 各种风景各种水各种自然景观海潮海浪01-04海鸥和海浪海洋素材01海洋素材02航海黑土地素材老树老树-自然玫瑰花开美女与森林01美女与森林02日出日落日落的太阳山川山水水水纹和激水雾凇夕阳下的山水阳光叶脉一轮红太阳鹰01鹰02云和风云涌雨滴综合加长自然风光SP068 城市宣传片东莞-制作魅力无限国外时尚都市马来西亚风光沈阳市城市规划与建设巡礼01沈阳市城市规划与建设巡礼02SP067 城市宣传片城市宣传片--沈阳上海城市宣传片深圳航拍深圳舒情SP066 工业和经济WTO会议报纸的制造和流通1报纸的制造和流通2铲车倒土车邓小平开会各项经济成就工业镜头机械制造建筑高架臂建筑工地-01经济合作1老工业01老工业02汽车生产车间01汽车生产车间02汽车制造01-04商务和工业税务01-03销售造纸厂-01制造业-03告SP065 体育比赛保龄球花样游泳篮球片花刘翔得冠乒乓球比赛01-03汽车拉力赛体育广告田径比赛跳水网球比赛01网球比赛02一百米栏足球比赛足球宣传广告SP064 各种人类超市人流多人工程师-01工作人员控制数字台-大摇女人a女人微笑人潮-01人流00-1人流-01人物海滩货运人在空中飞行上班人群跳舞跳舞4爷孙俩热恋情侣爷爷孙子孙女在院子里摆积木工作人员在控制数字台孩子-01孩子-03海滩美女-01 美丽的女人女人女人2 人流-02人流-04人群人群2人群3人群4小孩一家人小男孩在玩耍小女孩在游乐场玩耍的画面炫舞男女演播-01演艺观众-002群小男孩踢足球用纸巾捂脸的女孩忧郁的女孩01忧郁的女孩02幼儿园欢快奔跑的儿童诱人的沙锅洗温泉俩少女母与女与男友在一起的清醇女孩在山上奔跑的健康中年女人们SP063-综合类踩轮滑(抠蓝)1 踩轮滑(抠蓝)2 翻滚浪A-d飞光鸽子1-4a购物(抠蓝)购物(抠蓝)2 古装(抠蓝)1-3海浪航拍海边航拍三维楼红旗火车驶过绫缎a-c啤酒杯啤酒泡沫上飘平原火车桥与汽车日出上海景双人走路(抠蓝)网球雾中长城仙女拿夜明珠眨眼SP062-综合类单人舞家庭娱乐1家庭娱乐2乐华柠檬玉米乐华水果猫骑单车一组a-c水柱(波动抠蓝)1水柱(波动抠蓝)2温馨家庭一组舞绸a-f小学生1小学生2小学生升国旗1-5摇臂拍单人舞绸SP061-广告类艾诗碧婷长虹大帝酒房地产广告一组乐华彩电立白洗洁精利口福即食馄饨利群绿A南航七喜电脑莎朗神亮洗发露神州亲情卡盛苑酒家西格玛美菱洗衣粉益力多广告营养麦片浙江移动贺新春肤安广告01 海信电脑莱阳梨汁罗曼诺馒钙长牙篇馒钙婴儿梦地纯生四季花城松日MP5松日U盘指南针中信星光名庭SP060-广告类17951DVD机newenewfnewgTCL无绳电话XO冰箱地温中央空调东信手机东洋之花高效洗衣粉广东台形象广东卫视形象鸡精鸡精2吉利汽车江南渔村净洗水机均瑶牛奶康奈服饰康奈凉鞋康奈皮鞋可视电话SP059-综合类城市空镜1城市空镜2橱柜1橱柜2公路荷花1-5荷花池中亭子湖景老外在中国2普法教育1普法教育2上网学法普法01-16学生签名学生签名1法庭1 法庭2 犯人集合犯人看报湖景1湖面开会学习老外在中国1写法字1写法字2学法1学法2学生上网1学生上网2政法局门口SP058-城市宣传片北京平谷宣传片人间天堂-杭州深圳宣传片aSP057-旅游宣传片贵州都匀宣传片国境商都绥芬河宣传片四川乐山宣传片SP056-城市宣传片深圳宣传片c 中国北京宣传片SP055-宣传片上海申博宣传片深圳宣传片b 深圳宣传片dSP054-城市宣传片湖北襄樊宣传片山东烟台宣传片珠海宣传片SP053-旅游宣传片KOREA yourPerfect VenueSee You inKOREASP052-韩国旅游宣传片KOREA yourPerfect VenueSee You inKOREASP051-澳门韩国素材澳门素材-澳门机场澳门素材-大巴山澳门素材-大桥景车流澳门素材-码头港口韩国素材01-03SP050-韩国宣传片21世纪的韩国韩国世界杯宣传片SP049-自然风景类百合花开1-3大瀑布02大水轮车转动鸽子各种翻滚的巨浪红百合花开花开花开02黄河菊花开放的过程嫩芽快速成长日出日出1日出(绚丽云彩)日落水仙花02水仙花少女一组水中玖玫瑰花飘动太阳各种花开海面上的海鸥海欧海鸥海平面荷花荷花5 昆虫保护色蓝、玫瑰花底旋转绿叶特写落叶麦田麦田及麦穗成长玫瑰花开日落2山花树阴阳光水车水稻一组水滴水滴1溪水小溪小溪漂树叶油轮后的水道自然棕榈树SP048-医疗类傍晚楼顶少女01-05病房导医护士护士念电话抠像街头忧郁的少女01-03山上少女01-11医学专家01-04医院前台漂亮护士迎宾01-05医院外景01医院外景02医院医护人员迎宾中药SP047-高新科技商务工业类WTO成功灯光闪动古代测时工具快乐生活一组长城长城2超市人流01-03打高尔夫球大楼大楼幕墙点钞A点钞B港口02高新企业-厦新电子工业生产一组01工业生产一组02海上钻井台杭州电信火箭发射01-04集装箱建楼工地01建楼工地02礼花01-03轻烟飘散动群马显微镜01-03旋转的胶片轮SP046-人物类按手印握手草地上男孩捉蝴蝶草地上男人(吊臂)草地上女人(吊臂)车上少女01-04都市人物都市行人儿童玩耍01 儿童玩耍02 飞机场室内1 飞机场室内2 干杯庆功工程师2搅动咖啡街上情侣老人推轮椅两个科学家在电脑前两个骑车青年男女科学家做实验003男女做实验女孩站在河边2女孩站在河边3漂亮女孩坐缆车情侣跑步群鸽人群A人物设计人员沟通设计人员沟通1双手捧起跳舞女孩温磬一家001温磬一家002温馨家庭生活小孩和鸽群小孩脸部特写小女孩小学生笑逐言开的老人选美女孩眼睛特写01-05幼儿园学习01幼儿园学习02SP045 航拍交通类车流01-10大型客机起飞飞机飞行飞机起飞飞机一组飞机在空中飞越神州交通军舰、直升飞机云层中的飞机SP044 城市、商场等宣传片百货商城宣传片东亚运动会a东亚运动会B上海市宣传片上海外滩夜景01上海外滩夜景03上海外滩一组SP043 城市宣传片航拍深圳深圳深圳夜景苏州宣传片SP042 房地产专题GOME(房地产大专题)moon river(房地产大专题)蔚蓝海岸SP041 房地产广告原素材超市商场船舷水花红旗虎门大桥00-05街上夜景骏景高尔夫篮球旅游景点01-03森林申亚片部分1申亚片部分2舞狮放鞭炮校园电教室01-03烟花SP040 房地产广告爱的表白篇霸道小子篇德宝花园东逸华庭独享篇高登名家饰想象篇华景新城-创造篇锦绣生态园60秒锦绣生态园森林篇锦绣生态园水云居锦绣生态园小孩篇甜蜜滋味篇万博翠湖花园阳光花园阳光一品灏景一品灏景2雍雅园a雍雅园b雍逸庭a雍逸庭b珠江地产SP039 房地产广告原素材繁忙的工作01-09火车02建筑施工荔枝01-04荔枝园升国旗01-08生产车间港口码头河流船运01-04 火车01 01-03酒店服务01-06酒店美食01-04龙舟01-11码头装卸集装箱01-0701-12水上船运01-03学生01-03SP038 房地产广告原素材城市大道01-10城市大道11-20城市大道21城市马路及汽车01-04工厂外景01-04雾中山峦01雾中山峦02航拍城市01-17SP037 房地产广告原素材唱戏00-07超市购物01-04打高尔夫球01-06都市男孩踩滑板01-03会场观众席会议01会议02家居01-03健身运动01-06街上女孩打电老人休闲象棋02汽车生活01汽车生活02人群走动01-04商店服饰水上婚礼01水上婚礼02五彩生活01-14小区游览车休闲生活之吃葡萄逛街01逛街02海关人流欢呼01-03 话节日舞狮01-06老人休闲象棋01商店鞋柜少女们打电话01少女们打电话02烟花酒会01烟花酒会02SP036 房地产广告原素材城市广场的快速夜景01-04城市内雅致的小区01-14城市喷泉广场01-04交通指示牌01-08靓丽的别墅洋房少女优美的舞蹈00-13小区公园小区绿化全景小区内行驶的汽车01-05小区内游泳池01-03小区内运动01-07小区内早地01小区内早地02小区泳池01-06休闲浴室SP035 综合类城市内道路车流一组城市内交通城市一组C电子生产一组电子生产一组b码头球场超级人群1沙发一组生产线一组夜景一组夜景一组bSP034 宣传类城市一组D 广州城市宣传片申亚宣传片SP033 娱乐综合类按摩一组a打网球迪厅一组度假村夜晚飞机起飞酒店大堂酒店客房餐厅美女泡温泉美味佳肴某度假村外景一组男子游泳水上交通体育场馆学校一组B阳光卫视饮酒吃饭SP032 城市综合类北京申奥片车流一组城市高空拍一组大楼一组大桥和立交桥海上轮船海上轮船1交通(飞机、地铁、轮船)珠海城市景珠海宣传片航拍城市一组SP031 航拍类城市一组城市一组B大桥航拍2航拍城市一组B航拍帆船航拍一组SP030 综合类办公楼外景办公楼外开汽车办公室内走廊车间内2晨读晨练党旗公路上汽车计算机房街景1立交桥人物1学生跑步a学生跑步b学生跑步c操场操场1操场3操场上排学生车间内公路公路3公路4公路上立交桥(夕阳下)立交桥远望人群1人群2音箱颤动远望(抠蓝)中型城市景SP029 校园类打太极a打太极b弹钢琴儿童节目现场酒吧厅酒店大堂拉小提琴拉小提琴2拍婚纱敲打乐器实验室一组手拿鼠标跳舞(小区内)握手小女孩拉琴1小女孩拉琴2小女孩写生小区傍晚小区内走模特研究标本一组一家人吃早餐做早餐SP028 植物类彩花瓣飘落稻田一组荷花荷花01荷花02一组荷叶及水珠花丛一组绿叶01绿叶02绿叶03某公园景一组树上水果a树上水果b树叶上的水珠SP027 普通女模特展示模特00--模特10模特11--模特20模特21--模特30模特31--模特43SP026 医院广告及医院相关素材《最亲的人》-长安医院院歌千家万户1千家万户2十年回顾形象篇现代医院广告30秒超女10粉红背景感谢医生卡通人老人两人看医疗广告人物微创手术动画01微创手术动画02lasik示意图(三维)妇科检查妇科手术治疗豪华病房就诊的人群内窥镜检查男科病房手术镜头一组手术设备手术医生特写医生诊断检查。
A108信息技术首席信息官在线测试7
A108信息技术首席信息官在线测试7判断题(总分20分,每题2分,共10小题)1.优质的资源就一定能够取得优质的学习效果。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:2.《关于实施全国中小学教师信息技术应用能力提升工程的意见》指出:各地要根据信息技术环境下教师学习的特点,有效利用网络研修社区,推行网络研修与现场实践相结合的混合式培训。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:3.自主学习是指以学生作为学习的主导,通过学生独立的分析、探索、实践、质疑、创造等方法来实现学习目标。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:4.在发送电子邮件时,收发双方都必须同时在线。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:5.课件的选题过程是一个以信息化的观点重新认识课堂教学的结果。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:6.使用智能手环追踪学生体育锻炼中的心率、呼吸速度等状况属于体感技术。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:7.基于网络环境下的自主学习有利于增强学生的信息化意识和信息素养。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:8.木马是一种能窃取用户存储在电脑中的账号、密码等信息的应用程序。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:9.智能教育是以终端设备为基础,以互联网、信息技术应用为载体,在多媒体计算机上融入了人工智能化技术,为受教育者营造出老师时刻在他们身边,随时随地都能查阅资料进行学习A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:10.虚拟仿真是现实世界的再现,不是构想。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:单选题(总分30分,每题1分,共30小题)11.()是私有云计算基础架构的基石。
A. 虚拟化B. 分布式C. 并行D. 集中式答案:A解析:12.云计算是()计算技术的一种。
A. 同步式B. 异步式C. 分布式D. 集中式答案:C解析:13.构建网络研修社区要素的基础是()A. 成员协作B. 技术平台C. 组织制度D. 以上都不是答案:B解析:14.信息化发展革命教学内容从知识传授向()为主转变。
湖北省中小学教师信息技术应用能力提升工程管理与监测平台-A108信息技术首席信息官在线测试题库
1.操作系统是计算机必备的一种系统软件,例如我们常用的Windows XP操作系统。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:2.信息技术融入教育,但并不能改变人们的认知方式。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:3.信息化发展革命从以学为中心向以教为中心转变。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:4.教育云平台可以集教学、管理、学习、娱乐、分享、互动、交流于一体。
教师、学生人手一个平板电脑,就能获得自己所需的教学资源,名师通过网上公益课堂、网上教研等平台就能分享优秀教育资源。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:5.使用蓝牙技术可以远距离传送数据。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:B解析:6.打车软件属于信息技术改变我们的生活方式之一。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:7.老师在《宇宙航行》一课中,利用计算机在大屏幕上显示火箭发射卫星的情景,并对慧星划过太空的轨迹进行定格,这种方式是利用计算机创设教学情境。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:8.学校信息化管理主要以“数据驱动”来进行整体建构,利用数据采集、数据分析与数据可视化的优势,更加个性化、精确化、专业化的改善教与学,使教师和学校能根据学生不同的能力程度和需求提供教育机会,A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:9.智能收割机是信息技术改变我们的生产方式典型实例。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:10.互联网+时代再不能按个人的意志去管理学校, 而是要时刻把师生的利益放在首位,根据师生的需求营造优良环境,提供优质服务。
A. 正确B. 错误答案:A解析:单选题(总分30分,每题1分,共30小题)11.移动学习包括()A. 移动演示型教学B. 学生参与式教学C. 移动社会型学习D. 以上均包括答案:D解析:12.信息化学习环境特性不包括?A. 学习内容获取的随意性B. 学习内容探究的多层次性C. 学习内容的可再生性D. 学习内容的规范性答案:D解析:13.以下选项哪个是微课的特点A. 数据量小B. 内容丰富C. 视频时间超过20分钟D. 数据量大答案:D解析:14.学习诊断系统反馈的数据最终都指向(),为实现个性化教学提供依据。
注会会计-第A108讲_资产负债表(2)
三、资产负债表的填列方法企业应以日常会计核算记录的数据为基础进行归类、整理和汇总,加工成报表项目,形成资产负债表。
(一)“年初余额”栏的填列方法资产负债表中的“年初余额”栏通常根据上年末有关项目的期末余额填列,且与上年末资产负债表“期末余额”栏相一致。
(二)“期末余额”栏的填列方法1.“交易性金融资产”项目,反映资产负债表日企业分类为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产,以及企业持有的指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产的期末账面价值。
该项目应根据“交易性金融资产”科目的相关明细科目的期末余额分析填列。
自资产负债表日起超过一年到期且预期持有超过一年的以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的非流动金融资产的期末账面价值,在“其他非流动金融资产”项目反映。
2.“应收票据”项目,反映资产负债表日以摊余成本计量的、企业因销售商品、提供服务等收到的商业汇票,包括银行承兑汇票和商业承兑汇票。
该项目应根据“应收票据”科目的期末余额,减去“坏账准备”科目中相关坏账准备期末余额后的金额分析填列。
3.“应收账款”项目,反映资产负债表日以摊余成本计量的、企业因销售商品、提供服务等经营活动应收取的款项。
该项目应根据“应收账款”科目的期末余额,减去“坏账准备”科目中相关坏账准备期末余额后的金额分析填列。
4.“应收款项融资”项目,反映资产负债表日以公允价值计量且其变动计入其他综合收益的应收票据和应收账款等。
5.“其他应收款”项目,应根据“应收利息”“应收股利”和“其他应收款”科目的期末余额合计数,减去“坏账准备”科目中相关坏账准备期末余额后的金额填列。
其中的“应收利息”仅反映相关金融工具已到期可收取但于资产负债表日尚未收到的利息。
基于实际利率法计提的金融工具的利息应包含在相应金融工具的账面余额中。
6.“持有待售资产”项目,反映资产负债表日划分为持有待售类别的非流动资产及划分为持有待售类别的处置组中的流动资产和非流动资产的期末账面价值。
《航站楼新旧编号对照》
区域
原到达出口编号
新到达出口编号
A区到达
A1
E1
A2
E2
A3
E3
B区到达
B1
W1
B2
W2
B3
W3
三、到达大厅门
区域
原到达大厅门编号
新到达大厅门编号
A区到达
1
A1
3
A2
5
A3
7
A4
9
A5
空
A6
11
A7
13
A8
15
A9
17
A10
19
A11
21
A12
B区到达
2
B1
4
B2
6
B3
8
B4
10
B5
12
A110
111
A8
A111
112
A6
A112
东二指廊
远机位
A17-A20,A20A
A07-A10,A11
113
A21
A113
114
A23
A114
115
A25
A115
116
A27
A116
117
A29
A117
118
A31
A118
119
A30
A119
120
A28
A120
121
A26
A121
122
A24
A122
213
B105
B213
西二指廊
远机位
B118-B121
B07-B10
214
B123
B214
astm a108-1999
astm a108-1999ASTM A108-1999: Understanding the Standard and its Importance in the Manufacturing IndustryIntroduction:In the manufacturing industry, standards play a crucial role in ensuring the quality and reliability of products. One such standard, ASTM A108-1999, is widely recognized and followed by manufacturers worldwide. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ASTM A108-1999, its significance, and its impact on the manufacturing industry.I. Overview of ASTM A108-1999:1.1 Definition and Scope:ASTM A108-1999 is a standard specification for carbon steel bars, hot-rolled, cold-finished, and alloy steel bars. It covers various grades of carbon and alloy steel bars suitable for machining, forging, heat treatment, and other mechanical purposes.1.2 Historical Background:The ASTM A108-1999 standard was first published in 1933 and has undergone several revisions to meet the changing needs of the industry. The 1999 edition represents the latest version, incorporating advancements in steel manufacturing and processing.1.3 Importance of Compliance:Compliance with ASTM A108-1999 ensures the use of high-quality steel bars, which are essential for the structural integrity and performance of various components and products. Manufacturers who adhere to this standard can provide customers with reliable and consistent products.II. Key Points of ASTM A108-1999:2.1 Chemical Composition:The standard specifies the chemical composition requirements for carbon and alloy steel bars, ensuring the desired mechanical properties and performance. This includes the percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and other elements.2.2 Mechanical Properties:ASTM A108-1999 outlines the mechanical property requirements for steel bars, including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and hardness. These properties are crucial for determining the suitability of the bars for specific applications.2.3 Heat Treatment:The standard provides guidelines for heat treatment processes such as annealing, normalizing, quenching, and tempering. Proper heat treatment enhances the strength, toughness, and machinability of the steel bars.2.4 Surface Finish:ASTM A108-1999 specifies the acceptable surface finish of steel bars, including smooth, turned, and polished surfaces. This ensures that the bars have the required dimensional accuracy and surface quality for their intended use.2.5 Testing and Certification:The standard outlines the testing procedures and requirements for evaluating the quality of steel bars. These tests include chemical analysis, mechanical testing, and non-destructive examination. Manufacturers must provide certification to demonstrate compliance with ASTM A108-1999.III. Significance of ASTM A108-1999 in the Manufacturing Industry:3.1 Quality Assurance:Compliance with ASTM A108-1999 ensures that manufacturers produce steel bars of consistent quality, reducing the risk of product failures and customer dissatisfaction. It promotes confidence among end-users and facilitates international trade.3.2 Interchangeability and Compatibility:By adhering to a recognized standard, manufacturers can ensure that their steel bars are interchangeable and compatible with other components or products. This simplifies the assembly process and allows for easy replacement or repair.3.3 Safety and Reliability:ASTM A108-1999 helps manufacturers produce steel bars that meet stringent safety and reliability requirements. This is particularly crucial in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and construction, where failure can have catastrophic consequences.Conclusion:ASTM A108-1999 is a vital standard in the manufacturing industry, providing guidelines for the production of high-quality carbon and alloy steel bars. Compliance with this standard ensures the desired mechanical properties, surface finish, and overall reliability of the bars. By following ASTM A108-1999, manufacturers can enhance product quality, promote safety, and meet customer expectations in various industries.。
美标钢材常用代码
A1000-99弹簧专用碳钢和合金钢钢丝规范A1001-99人型材高强度钢铸件规范A1002-99線铝类合金铸件规范A100-93(2000)硅铁A101-93(2000)洛铁A102-93(2000)锐铁合金A105/A105M-01管系部件用碳素钢锻件A106-999el高温用无缝碳素钢管A108-99优质冷加匸碳素钢棒材技术规范A109/A109M-00el冷轧碳素钢带技术规范Alll-99a电话和电报线路用镀锌刃铁"幺幺规格A116-00镀锌钢丝编织栏栅网A121-99镀锌刺钢丝A123/A123M-00钢铁产品的锌镀层(热浸镀锌)技术规范A125-96热处理螺旋形钢弹簧A126-95(2001)阀门、法兰和管配件用灰铁铸件A128/A128M-93(1998)钢铸件,奥氏体钮A131/A131M-94海船用结构钢A132-89(2000)钮铁合金A134-96电熔(电弧)焊钢管(NPS为16英寸和16英寸以上) A135-01电阻焊钢管A139-00电熔(电弧)焊钢管(4英寸以上的)A143-74(1999)热浸镀锌结构钢制品防脆裂措施和探测脆裂的程序A146-64(2000)氧化钮制品A148/A1-18M-01结构用高强度钢铸件A153/A153M-00钢铁制金属构件上镀锌层(热浸)A159-83(2001)汽车用灰铁铸件A167-99不锈钢和耐热洛線钢板、薄板及带材A176-99不锈钢和耐热铝钢板、薄板及带材A178/A178M-95(2000)电阻焊接碳素钢钢管及碳镒钢锅炉和过热器管的技术规范A179/A179M-90a(1996)el热交换器和冷凝器用无缝冷拉低碳钢管A181/A181M-01普通锻制碳素钢管的规格A182/A182M-01高温设备用锻制或轧制的合金钢管法兰、锻制管件、阀门及零件A183-98钢轨用碳素钢螺栓和螺母A184/A184M-01混凝土加筋用变形钢筋编织网A185-97钢筋混凝土用焊接钢丝结构A1-00碳素钢丁字轨A192/A192M-91 (1996)el高压用无缝碳素钢锅炉管A193/A193M-01高温设备用合金钢和不锈钢螺栓材料A194/A194M-01高温和高压设备用碳素钢与合金钢螺栓和螺母的规格A197/A197M-00化铁炉用可锻铸铁A20/A20M-01压力容器用钢板材通用耍求A202/A202M-93(1999)压力容器用铅镒硅合金钢板A203/A203M-97压力容器用礫合金钢板A204/A204M-93(1999)压力容器用铝合金钢板A209/A209M-98锅炉和过热器用无缝碳铝合金钢管A255-99测定钢淬透性用末端淬火试验的标准试验方法A262-98奥氏体不锈钢晶间浸蚀敬感性的检测A263-94a(1999)耐腐蚀珞钢包覆板材,薄板材及带材技术规范A261-94a(1999)包覆的不锈珞線钢板,薄板及带材规格A265-94a(1999)線和線基合金包覆钢板规格A266/A266M-99压力容器部件用碳素钢锻件规格A268/A268M-01 •般设备用无缝和焊接铁素体与马氏体不锈钢管A269-01 •般设备用无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管A27/A27M-95(2000)通用碳素钢铸件A270-01卫生设施用无缝钢和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管A275/A275M-98钢锻件的磁粉检査试验方法A276-00a不锈钢棒材和型材A27S-93适用于650F容压部件用灰铸铁件的技术规范A283/A283M-00低和中等抗拉强度碳素钢板A285/A285M-90(2001)压力容器用低和中等抗拉强度的碳素钢板A288-91 (1998)涡轮发电机磁性定位环用碳素钢和合金钢锻件A289/A289M-97发电机非磁性定位环用合金钢锻件的技术规范A29/A29M-99el热锻及冷加工碳素钢和合金钢棒A2-90(1997)普通型,带槽和防护型碳素工字钢轨A290-95(1999)减速器环用碳素钢和合金钢锻件A291-95(1999)减速器小齿轮、齿轮和心轴用碳素钢和合金钢锻件A295-98 I S J碳耐磨轴承钢技术规范A297/A297M-97(1998) •般用耐热铝铁与線锯铁合金钢铸件规格A299/A299M-97el压力容器用镒硅碳钢板A302/A302M-97el压力容器用镒钿和镒铝線合金钢板A304-96有末端淬火淬透性要求的合金钢棒材的技术规范A307-00抗拉强度为60000psi的碳素钢螺栓和螺柱的技术规范A308-99经热浸处理镀有铅锡合金的薄板材的技术规范A309-94a(1999)用三点试验法测定长镀锌薄钢板镀层的重量成分的试验方法A311/A3UM-95(2000)有机械性能要求的消除应力的冷拉碳素钢棒A312/A312M-00C无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管A313/A313M-98不锈钢弹簧丝技术规范A314-97锻造用不锈及耐热钢坯及钢棒规格A31-00钢钏钉及钏钉和压力容器用棒材A319-7K2001) I S J温无压部件用灰铁铸件A320/A320M-01低温用合金钢螺栓材料规格A321-90(1995)el经淬火和回火的碳素钢棒A322-9K1996)合金钢棒材.级别A323-93 (2000)硼铁规格A324-73(2000)钛铁合金A325-00经热处理最小抗拉强度为120/105ksi的钢结构螺栓A325M-00结构钢连接件用崗强度螺栓(米制)A327-91(1997)铸铁冲击试验方法A327M-91 (1997)铸铁冲击试验方法(米制)A328/A328M-00 薄钢板桩A331-95(2000)冷加工合金钢棒A333/A333M-99低温用无缝与焊接钢管规格A334/A334M-99低温设备用无缝与焊接碳素和合金钢管A335/A335M-01高温用无缝铁素体合金钢管A336/A336M-99el压力与高温部件用合金钢锻件规格A338-84 (1998)铁路,船舶和其他重型装备在温度达到650华。
标准三角带尺寸表1
标准三角带A,B,C,D,Z* 防油,抗静电* 工作温度: -18℃至+70℃* 最大线性速度: 30米/ 秒* 顶宽: 13mm * 最小轮径: 75mm* 高度: 8mm * Li(内长)= La(外长)-50mm* 角度: 40°* Li(内长)= Lp(节园长)-36mm型号Limm型号Li mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mmA15 381 A42 1067 A72 1829 A96 2438 A18 457 A43 1092 A74 1880 A98 2489 A20 508 A43 1/2 1105 A75 1905 A99 2515 A22 559 A44 1118 A76 1930 A101 2565 A23 584 A45 1143 A77 1956 A102 2591 A23 1/2 597 A45 1/2 1156 A78 1727 A103 2616 A24 610 A46 1168 A79 1753 A104 2642 A25 635 A46 1/2 1181 A80 1778 A105 2667 A26 660 A47 1194 A81 1803 A107 2718 A27 686 A48 1219 A83 1854 A108 2743 A28 711 A49 1245 A85 1905 A110 2794 A29 737 A50 1270 A86 1930 A112 2845 A29 1/2 749 A51 1295 A87 1956 A113 2870 A30 762 A52 1321 A88 1981 A114 2896 A31 787 A53 1346 A89 2007 A115 2921 A32 813 A55 1397 A91 2057 A118 2997 A32 1/2 826 A56 1422 A92 2083 A120 3048 A33 838 A57 1448 A83 2108 A124 3150 A34 864 A58 1473 A83 1/2 2121 A125 3175 A34 1/2 876 A59 1499 A84 2134 A126 3200 A35 889 A60 1524 A84 1/2 2146 A128 3251 A35 1/2 902 A61 1549 A85 2159 A130 3302 A36 914 A62 1575 A86 2184 A132 3353 A37 940 A63 1600 A87 2210 A140 3556 A38 965 A65 1651 A89 2261 A148 3759 A38 1/2 978 A66 1676 A90 2286 A154 3912 A39 991 A67 1702 A91 2311 A162 4115 A40 1016 A68 1727 A92 2337 A167 4242 A41 1041 A70 1778 A94 2388 A192 4877 A41 1/2 1054 A71 1803 A95 2413 A197 5004* 顶宽: 17mm * 最小轮径: 125mm* 高度: 11mm * Li(内长)= La(外长)-69mm* 角度: 40°* Li(内长)= Lp(节园长)-43mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm B23 584 B52 1321 B89 2261 B132 3353 B24 610 B53 1346 B90 2286 B136 3454 B25 635 B53 1/2 1359 B91 2311 B140 3556 B26 660 B55 1397 B92 2337 B142 3607 B26 1/2 673 B56 1422 B93 2362 B146 3708 B27 686 B57 1448 B94 2388 B150 3810 B28 711 B58 1473 B94 1/2 2400 B151 3835 B29 737 B59 1499 B95 2413 B152 3861 B31 787 B60 1524 B96 2438 B155 3937 B32 813 B62 1575 B96 1/2 2451 B158 4013 B33 838 B63 1600 B98 2489 B160 4064 B341/2 876 B64 1626 B99 2515 B162 4115 B35 889 B65 1651 B101 2565 B164 4166 B37 940 B66 1676 B103 2616 B167 4242 B37 1/2 953 B67 1702 B104 2642 B168 4267 B38 965 B68 1727 B106 2692 B173 4394 B39 991 B69 1/2 1765 B108 2743 B179 4547 B40 1016 B70 1778 B109 2769 B180 4572 B41 1041 B71 1803 B110 2794 B187 4750 B41 1/2 1054 B73 1854 B111 2819 B191 4851 B42 1067 B74 1880 B114 2896 B208 5283 B43 1092 B78 1981 B116 2946 B226 5740 B44 1118 B79 2007 B117 2972 B236 5994 B45 1143 B81 2057 B118 2997 B238 6045 B45 1/2 1156 B82 2083 B119 3023 B40 6096 B46 1168 B83 2108 B120 3048 B248 6299 B48 1219 B85 2159 B125 3175 B280 7112 B49 1245 B86 2184 B126 3200 B298 7569 B50 1270 B88 2235 B128 3251 B345 8763* 顶宽: 22mm * 最小轮径: 120mm* 高度: 14mm * Li(内长)= La(外长)-88mm* 角度: 40°* Li(内长)= Lp(节园长)-56mm型号Li mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm C38 965 C75 1905 C110 2794 C160 4064 C43 1092 C78 1981 C111 2819 C166 4216 C47 1194 C80 2032 C112 2845 C168 4267 C48 1219 C81 2057 C114 2896 C173 4394 C49 1245 C83 2108 C115 2921 C180 4572 C50 1270 C84 2134 C116 2946 C185 4699 C51 1295 C85 2159 C117 2972 C187 4750 C53 1346 C86 2184 C120 3048 C190 4826 C54 1372 C87 2210 C122 3099 C198 5029 C57 1448 C88 2235 C126 3200 C200 5080 C59 1499 C89 2261 C130 3302 C204 5182 C60 1524 C90 2286 C132 3353 C208 5283 C62 1575 C91 2311 C136 3454 C210 5334 C63 1600 C92 2337 C138 3505 C220 5588 C64 1626 C93 2362 C140 3556 C225 5715 C65 1651 C95 2413 C142 3607 C238 6045 C66 1676 C96 2438 C144 3658 C240 6096 C67 1702 C99 2515 C146 3708 C264 6706 C68 1727 C101 2565 C148 3759 C280 7112 C69 1753 C102 2591 C149 3785 C295 7493 C70 1778 C104 2642 C150 3810 C320 8128 C71 1803 C105 2667 C152 3861 C328 8331 C72 1829 C106 2692 C153 3886 C418 10617 C74 1880 C108 2743 C158 4013 C658 16713* 顶宽: 32mm * 最小轮径: 355mm* 高度: 19mm * Li(内长)= La(外长)-119mm* 角度: 40°* Li(内长)= Lp(节园长)-79mm型号Li mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm D112 2845 D145 3683 D220 5588 D298 7569 D120 3048 D152 3861 D230 5842 D300 7620 D122 3099 D158 4013 D248 6299 D303 7696 D126 3200 D173 4394 D250 6350 D314 7976 D134 3404 D174 4420 D264 6706 D342 8687 D136 3454 D180 4572 D265 6731 D355 9017 D138 3505 D183 4648 D270 6858 D358 9093 D141 3581 D200 5080 D280 7112 D360 9144 皮带型号顶宽高度角度标测长度外周长Z10640ºLi (内周长)Li+38mmA13840ºLi Li+50mmB171140ºLi Li+69mmC221440ºLi Li+88mmD322040ºLi Li+119mm 详细尺寸SPZ10840ºLp (节圆长)Lp+13mm SPA131040ºLp Lp+18mm SPB171340ºLp Lp+20mm SPC221840ºLp Lp+30mm 详细尺寸3V9.7840ºLa (外周长)5V161440ºLa8V252340ºLa详细尺寸* 顶宽: 10mm * 最小轮径: 50mm* 高度: 6mm * Li(内长)= La(外长)-38mm* 角度: 40°* Li(内长)= Lp(节园长)-22mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm 型号Li mm Z11 279 Z28 1/2 724 Z43 1092 Z63 1600 Z12 305 Z29 737 Z43 1/2 1105 Z64 1626 Z13.5 343 Z30 762 Z44 1118 Z65 1651 Z14 356 Z31 787 Z45 1143 Z66 1676 Z15 381 Z32 813 Z46 1168 Z68 1727 Z17 432 Z33 838 Z48 1219 Z69 1753 Z18 457 Z33.5 851 Z49 1245 Z70 1778 Z19 483 Z34 864 Z50 1270 Z71 1803 Z19 3/4 502 Z35 889 Z51 1295 Z72 1829 Z20 508 Z35 1/2 902 Z52 1321 Z73 1854 Z21 533 Z36 914 Z54 1372 Z75 1905 Z21 1/4 540 Z38 965 Z55 1397 Z78 1981 Z22 559 Z38 1/2 978 Z56 1422 Z79 2007 Z23 584 Z39 991 Z57 1448 Z80 2032 Z24 610 Z40 1016 Z58 1473 Z88 2235 Z25 635 Z40 1/2 1029 Z59 1499 Z93 2362 Z26 660 Z41 12 1054 Z60 1524Z28 711 Z42 1067 Z62 1575。
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4.1.9Report of heat analysis,if required,4.1.10End use,4.1.11Additions to the specification and special or supple-mentary requirements,if required,and4.1.12For coiled product,the coil weights,inside diameterand outside diameter limitations,when required.N OTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows:Steel Bar,ASTMA 108,dated _____;SAE 1117;Coarse Grain;Cold Drawn;6000lb of1.500-in.diameter by 10.0to 12.0ft long;Heat Analysis Required;ScrewMachine Parts.5.Materials and Manufacture5.1Melting Practice —The steel shall be made by one ormore of the following primary processes:open-hearth,basic-oxygen,or electric-furnace.The primary melting may incor-porate separate degassing or refining and may be followed bysecondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum-arcremelting.Where secondary melting is employed,the heatshall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a singleprimary heat.5.2Deoxidation :5.2.1Unless otherwise specified,the steel may be rimmed,capped,semi-killed,or killed at the manufacturer’s option.5.2.2When required,the deoxidation practice,includingkilled steel,may be specified.5.3Discard —Sufficient discard shall be made to ensure freedom from pipe and undue segregation.5.4Redraw Stock —The bars shall be produced from special quality hot-wrought carbon steel bars (Specification A 576)or from hot-wrought rods designated for cold-finished bars (Specification A 510).5.5Condition —The bars shall be furnished in one of the following conditions as specified by the purchaser:5.5.1Rounds :5.5.1.1Cold drawn,5.5.1.2Cold drawn,turned,and polished,5.5.1.3Cold drawn,ground,and polished,5.5.1.4Cold drawn,turned,ground,and polished,5.5.1.5Hot wrought,turned,and polished,or 5.5.1.6Hot wrought,turned,ground,and polished.5.5.2Squares,Hexagons —Cold drawn.5.5.3Flats :5.5.3.1Cold drawn or 5.5.3.2Cold rolled.5.6Heat Treatment :5.6.1Unless otherwise specified,the bars shall be furnished as cold finished except that when the maximum of the carbon range is over 0.55%they shall be annealed for cold finishing.5.6.2When property characteristics are required that are not available for the specified grade as developed in the as-rolledTABLE 1Composition of Cold-Finished Carbon Steel BarsN OTE 1—Grade designations and compositions correspond to the respective AISI designations and compositions.UNS Designation AGrade Designation Carbon,%Manganese,%Phosphorus,%Sulfur,%Open-Hearth,Basic-Oxygen,and Electric-Furnace Grades B ,C ,D G 1008010080.10max 0.30–0.500.040max 0.050max G 1010010100.08–0.130.30–0.600.040max 0.050max G 1015010150.13–0.180.30–0.600.040max 0.050max G 1016010160.13–0.180.60–0.900.040max 0.050max G 1018010180.15–0.200.60–0.900.040max 0.050max G 1020010200.18–0.230.30–0.600.040max 0.050max G 1022010220.18–0.230.70–1.000.040max 0.050max G 1025010250.22–0.280.30–0.600.040max 0.050max G 1030010300.28–0.340.60–0.900.040max 0.050max G 1035010350.32–0.380.60–0.900.040max 0.050max G 1040010400.37–0.440.60–0.900.040max 0.050max G 1045010450.43–0.500.60–0.900.040max 0.050max G 1050010500.48–0.550.60–0.900.040max 0.050max G 1095010950.90–1.030.30–0.500.040max 0.050max Open-Hearth,Basic-Oxygen,and Electric-Furnace Free Cutting Grades B ,C ,D ,E G 1117011170.14–0.20 1.00–1.300.040max 0.08–0.13G 1118011180.14–0.20 1.30–1.600.040max 0.08–0.13G 1137011370.32–0.39 1.35–1.650.040max 0.08–0.13G 1141011410.37–0.45 1.35–1.650.040max 0.08–0.13G 1144011440.40–0.48 1.35–1.650.040max 0.24–0.33G 1151011510.48–0.550.70–1.000.040max 0.08–0.13G 1211012110.13max 0.60–0.900.07–0.120.10–0.15G 1212012120.13max 0.70–1.000.07–0.120.16–0.23G 1213012130.13max 0.70–1.000.07–0.120.24–0.33...12L14F 0.15max 0.85–1.150.04–0.090.26–0.35G 1215012150.09max 0.75–1.050.04–0.090.26–0.35ANew designations established in accordance with Practice E 527and SAE J1086.B When silicon is required,the following ranges and limits are commonly specified:0.10%max,0.10–0.20%,0.15–0.35%,or 0.20–0.40%.C When required,lead is specified as an added element to a standard steel.A range from 0.15–0.35%,inclusive,is commonly specified.Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter “L’’between the second and third numeral of the grade number,for example,11L17.A cast or heat analysis is not determinable when lead is added to the ladle stream.D The elements bismuth,calcium,selenium,or tellurium may be added as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.E Grades 1211,1212,1213,12L14,and 1215are not supplied with a specified silicon content.F Lead content shall be 0.15–0.35%.cold-finished condition,the following thermal treatments can be ordered:5.6.2.1Annealed and coldfinished,5.6.2.2Normalized and coldfinished,5.6.2.3Cold drawn and stress relieved,or5.6.2.4Carbon restoration anneal to overcome surface de-carburization on cold-drawn bars.(For round bars produced by turning,surface decarburization is removed during the manu-facturing process.)6.Chemical Composition6.1Chemical Composition:6.1.1The steel shall conform to the chemical composition limits specified in Table1for the grade specified by the purchaser.6.1.2Carbon steels not listed in Table1can be specified. Steels may be selected from Specifications A510and A576; Federal Standard66C;the SAE Handbook;or the AISI Steel Product Manual for Carbon Steel Bars.6.1.3When a steel cannot be identified by a standard grade number in accordance with6.1.1and6.1.2,the limits for each required element may be specified using the chemical ranges shown in the table(Heat Analysis Chemical Ranges and Limits of Carbon Steel Bars)of Specification A29/A29M.6.1.4When additional machinability-enhancing elements are specified in accordance with Footnote D to Table1,the specified content of the element or elements shall be agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.6.2Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specified.The analysis shall be made from a test sample preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.The chemical composition thus determined shall be reported to the purchaser or his representative when required by the purchase order,and shall conform to the specified requirements.6.3Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by the purchaser.The chemical composition thus determined,as to elements required or restricted,shall conform to the ordered chemical composition subject to the permissible variations on product analysis of the table(Permissible Variations for Prod-uct Analysis of Carbon Steel)in Specification A29/A29M.7.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance7.1Workmanship—The bars shall be free of pipe,cracks, andflakes.Within the limits of good manufacturing and inspection practices,the bars shall be free of injurious seams, laps,segregation,or other imperfections which,due to their nature,degree,or extent,will interfere with the use of the material in machining or fabrication of suitable parts.7.2Finish:7.2.1Unless otherwise specified,the bars shall have a commercial bright smooth surfacefinish obtained by conven-tional cold-finishing operations such as cold drawing,cold rolling,or turning and polishing.7.2.2When required,bars may be specified to be ground and polished,turned and polished,or turned,ground,and polished.7.2.3Bars that are thermal treated after coldfinishing may have a discolored or oxidized surface.7.3Oiling—The bars shall be given a surface coating of oil or other rust inhibitor to protect against rust during shipment.8.Certification8.1Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufactured and tested in accordance with this specification together with a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time of shipment.If bismuth,selenium,tellurium,or calcium are added in accordance with Footnote D of Table1,the presence of these additional elements shall be noted on the certification.9.Keywords9.1carbon steel bars;cold-finished steel bars;steel barsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser in the inquiry,contract,or order.Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and the purchaser.Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate any requirement of the specification itself.S1.Cold Working QualityS1.1The classification encompasses bars subject to severe cold plastic deformation such as,but not limited to,upsetting, heading,forging,forward or backward extrusion.S1.2If the type of steel or chemical composition does not have adequate cold working characteristics,appropriate ther-mal treatments should be specified.S1.3When Supplementary Requirement S1is specified,the bars shall be produced by manufacturing practices and sub-jected to mill tests and inspection and freedom from injurious surface imperfections to the extent that the bars shall be suitable for the manufacture of identified parts.The quality requirements of individual application vary.S2.Special Surface QualityS2.1Special surface steels are produced with exacting control and appropriate inspection and surface preparation to minimize the frequency and degree of seams and other surface imperfections.S3.Special Internal Soundness RequirementS3.1Special internal soundness is relative freedom from segregation and porosity,as evaluated by means of a macroetch test which is performed on representative billet or bar samples. The test consists of deep etching a cross section in a hotacidsolution and examination to evaluate soundness.An alternativemethod consists of fracturing a billet section and examinationof the fracture to evaluate soundness.S4.Nonmetallic Inclusion RequirementsS4.1The nonmetallic inclusion requirement comprises ametallographic examination of longitudinal sections to deter-mine the nature and frequency of the nonmetallic inclusions.Experience indicates that samples taken midway between thecenter and surface of the bloom,billet,slab,or bar are mostrepresentative of the average inclusion content of the lotinvolved.The test specimen is generally heated and quenchedto harden it before being polished to avoid polishing pits.Thespecimen is examined at 100diameters.Methods for determin-ing the nonmetallic inclusion content of steel are described inTest Methods E 45.S4.2For resulfurized steels,much of the sulfur is present assulfide inclusions.For this reason,those steels are not generallyproduced to inclusion rating.S5.Special Heat-Treating RequirementsS5.1Special heat treating (hardenability)is a term usedwhen the purchaser specifies as a requirement the ability of asteel to heat treat to specified mechanical property values thatthe purchaser must meet after his heat treatment.Care shouldbe taken so that the desired mechanical property values arecompatible with the chemical composition,size,and crosssection of the steel.S5.2Hardenability band limits have been established for 1038H,1045H,and 1541H as well as other grades that appear in the SAE Handbook.S6.Grain Size S6.1The steel shall conform to either the coarse austenitic grain size requirement (except as stated in S6.2),or the fine austenitic grain size requirement of Specification A 29/A 29M.S6.2Certain elements,or combinations of elements,such as manganese,sulfur,and lead tend to produce grain refinement and it is technically inappropriate to ensure coarse grain size as measured by the McQuaid-Ehn test on high manganese,high sulfur,and leaded steels such as 1144,1151,and 11L41.S7.Restricted Incidental Elements S7.1The purchaser may specify maximum requirements for copper,nickel,chromium,molybdenum,or other elements.S8.Thermal Treatment S8.1When required,the purchaser may specify that the material be stress relieved,annealed to specified structure,annealed to no specified structure,or normalized.S9.Mechanical Properties S9.1When required,cold-finished bars can be supplied to mechanical properties.Mechanical properties shall be deter-mined in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,100Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA19428.。