The Analysis of Characters in The Lottery
literature的英语作文
Literature is an integral part of human culture,reflecting the thoughts,emotions,and experiences of individuals and societies.It is a medium through which we can explore the complexities of the human condition,gain insights into different cultures and histories, and understand the world from various perspectives.Here are some key aspects to consider when writing an essay on literature:1.Themes and Motifs:Discuss the central themes and recurring motifs in the work.How do these elements contribute to the overall meaning of the text?Consider how the author uses these themes to convey messages or explore universal human experiences.2.Character Analysis:Delve into the characters of the work,examining their personalities,motivations,and development throughout the narrative.How do the characters interact with one another,and how do their relationships drive the plot?3.Plot and Structure:Analyze the plot of the work,including the sequence of events, conflicts,and resolutions.Consider the structure of the narrative,such as whether it is linear or nonlinear,and how this affects the readers engagement with the story.4.Setting and Atmosphere:Explore the setting of the work and how it contributes to the atmosphere.Discuss the importance of the time period,location,and social context in which the story takes place,and how these elements influence the characters and events.5.Style and Language:Examine the authors use of language,including diction,syntax, and rhetorical devices.How does the style of writing affect the tone and mood of the work?Consider the use of imagery,symbolism,and figurative language.6.Narrative Perspective:Discuss the point of view from which the story is told.Is it firstperson,thirdperson,or omniscient?How does the narrative perspective affect the readers understanding of the events and characters?7.Cultural and Historical Context:Place the work within its cultural and historical context.How does the work reflect the values,beliefs,and social issues of the time in which it was written?Consider any historical events or cultural practices that may have influenced the authors writing.8.Symbolism and Allegory:Analyze any symbols or allegorical elements in the work. How do these contribute to the deeper meanings of the text?Discuss how the author uses these devices to convey complex ideas or critique society.9.Influence and Legacy:Consider the influence of the work on later literature and itslasting impact on readers.How has the work been received by critics and audiences,and what makes it enduring or significant?10.Personal Response:Reflect on your personal response to the work.How did the work affect you as a reader?What emotions or thoughts did it evoke,and why do you think the authors choices were effective or ineffective?When writing your essay,ensure that you provide specific examples from the text to support your analysis.Engage with the work critically,but also express your own interpretations and insights.Remember to structure your essay logically,with a clear introduction,body paragraphs that explore each aspect in depth,and a conclusion that summarizes your main points and offers a final reflection on the work.。
远大前程人物性格分析
her depressed in the heart became excited, so she let Pip kiss her.
Miss Havisham
like a devil Don't let yourself go out and see the sun
and let the other people in the dark
See everything as black and white.
Biddy
She looks sloppy, but the heart kind and helpful and
with Pip.
Because of love, she changed herself. She
became a pleasant ,wholesome and sweettempered girl.
Estella
She looks beautiful, but she is very proud and insulting.
knowledge and patience
Pleasant and sweet-tempered.
Reason
It can be said that Biddy was Pip’s first teacher. When Biddy came to Joy’s home and taken good care of Pip’s sister she was fall in love
The first part of characters analysis
Philip
is a hapless people
a child of nature
The Analysis of Piquette in The Loons
The Analysis of Piquette in The LoonsMargaret Laurence was a Canadian novelist and short story writer, one of the major figures in Canadian literature. She was born in Neepawa, Manitoba in July 18, 1926, and she was the daughter of solicitor Robert Wemyss and V erna Jean Simpson. After being one of the beloved author in Canada, she began writing short stories. Her early novels were influenced by her experience as a minority in Africa. They show a strong sense of Christian symbolism and ethical concern for being a white person in a colonial state. In her later life, she was troubled when a fundamentalist Christian group succeeded in briefly removing The Diviners as course material from Lake field High School, her local secondary school. What's more, she was faithfully dedicated all her life to presenting a female perspective on contemporary life, depicting the choices and consequences of those choices that women must make to find meaning and purpose in life. She has many famous works, such as This Side Jordan(1960), The Tomorrow-Tamer(1963), The Stone Angel(1964), A Jest of God(1966), The First-Dwellers(1969), The Diviners(1974). Her work The Stone Angel was set in the fictional town of Manawaka, Manitoba, and it expressed the changing role of women's lives in the 1970s.The Loons is a short story which describe a French halfbreed girl Piquette, who is V anessa's classmate. Piquette had tuberculosis of the bone, and had once spent many months in hospital. For the good of her health, Vanessa's father took her up to Diamond Lake with V anessa's family that summer. During the two months at Diamond Lake, Piquette seemed to be interested in nothing and refused to play with V anessa, which makes Vanessa feel that she was mysterious. However, V anessa tried her best to make friend with her. And four years later, she had changed. Besides she got married with a handsome white guy. Good times don't last long, another three years later, Piquette had come back with two babies because of divorce. One winter night, the cottage she lived in caught fire and she died with her two babies.When it comes to the character of Piquette, we can easily find that she grows up under harsh circumstances in a society that suppresses half-breeds. She holds thesocial disadvantages of poverty, illness, ethnic discrimination and being female. Moreover, she has great changes As to her changes, we can know that the external factors have played a leading role. And these changes can be divided into three parts, first she is frosty and silent; then she is lively and rebellious; and finally she is depressed and pessimistic.Firstly, she is indifferent and silent. For one thing, her living environment shapes her character. As the narrator said that:" The Tonnerres were French halfbreeds.""Their English is broken and full of obscenities."(Margaret Laurence, 192) From these sentences, I know that her society class is very low. They even couldn't afford their own living. She felt inferiority when stay with the white people, so she was always indifferent to her classmates. For another, the white people around Piquette also refused to accept her, such as the narrator's grandmother refused to go with Piquette, and she said, "If that halfbreed youngster comes along to Silent Lake, I'm not going." (Margaret Laurence,194)The narrator's grandma gave up her favorite cottage and went to another cottage which expressed her disgust to Piquette. She knew that V anessa,V anessa's mother and grandma didn't like her, therefore, she usually be silent when stayed with them. She often refused to communicated with V anessa, such as when V anessa tried to find a topic, she responded; "Y our dad said I ain't supposed to do no more walking than I got to." (Margaret Laurence，197) Piquette knew V anessa tried to understand her is not because she liked her, but because she respected and loved her own father very much. Piquette sensed this, and she refused to open up to Vanessa, by rejecting her friendly acts,since V anessa can't relate to Piquette's suffering, even when some of her scars are visib le due to her tuberculosis of the bone.Secondly, Piquette becomes lively and defiant. In order to fit in the main current of the society, she changed herself to be lively. According to V anessa,"Piquette's face was so stolid and expressionless before, but it was animated now with a gaiety that was almost violent. Piquette laughed and talked very loudly with the boys around her. Her lipstick was bright carmine, and her hair was cut short and frizzily permed. She had not been pretty as a child, and she was not pretty now, for her features were stillheavy and blunt. But her dark and slightly slanted eyes were beautiful, and her skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displayed to enviable advantage a soft and slender body."(Margaret Laurence,200) This paragraph showed a lot changes had taken in Piquette, she become lively and rebellious. In addition, she used perfume and she always danced. And after Piquette told V anessa about her handsome boyfriend, V anessa saw real Piquette, "Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope."(Margaret Laurence,201) Piquette was very rebellious and she was struggle with her so called happiness.Lastly, Piquette became depressed and pessimistic. Unfortunately, her fate is one with that of the loons. According to V anessa's mother, Piquette's happiness was quickly shattered, because she divorced, and she ended up back where she started, but this time with two small children. She became depressed, so she soon fell back into her family pattern of drinking and bad behavior, and eventually snuffed out with two babies. At the end of the text,V anessa went to the cottage again, when she saw the ending of Piquette and the loons, she came to understand, although not totally:"Piquette might have been the only one, after all, who had heard the crying of the loons."(Margaret Laurence,204) And it is the pessimistic ending of both Piquette and the loons.In a conclusion, I think Piquette reflects the tragic situation of Métis, she on behalf of the extraordinary number of their society, all of which are seen to be indirectly related to her Métis origins. Piquette's tragedy is that, like the loons, she belongs to a heritage which has been destroyed. What's more, her is a tenacious woman, in her silences, rejections, and refusals, she is a character who is fighting for herself. This tenacity is seen principally in her rejection of V anessa’s self-satisfaction and sense of superiority. Piquette seeks to be involved in the current culture but it is very difficult for her to be admitted into the white dominated society, she is always marginalized by them although she has changed a lot ( from silent to lively, from lively to depressed).。
The analysis of the characters in Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》人物分析
2.1Charles Dickens
CharlesDickens was born on February 7,1812, in Portsea, England. His parents were middle-class, but they suffered financially as a result of living beyond their means.At 11 years old, as his fatherwasin debt, the family was put in a debt prison. Forced by the plight, he had become a child labor in a boot and shoe cream workshop. Themiserable experience in his young mind left psychic trauma, not only his deep concern and sympathy for the unfortunate children, and prompted him to struggle to escape poverty. As a young adult, he worked as a law clerk and later as a journalist. His experience as a journalist kept him in close contact with the darker social conditions of the Industrial Revolution, and he grew disillusioned with the attempts of lawmakers to alleviate those conditions.
从文体学角度看《活着》的英译文
从文体学角度看《活着》的英译文篇一：Title: The文体学 Analysis of "活着" in English TranslationAbstract:This paper aims to analyze the English translation of Chinese novel "活着" by using the techniques of文体学. The author"s original Chinese text, as well as the translation, are studied to identify the various elements that contribute to the creation of the translation. The paper explores the cultural, historical, and personal factorsthat influence the translation, as well as the challenges that arise when trying to translate a Chinese novel into English. The analysis provides insights into the process of translation and highlights the importance of considering the cultural and historical context when working with Chinese texts.Introduction:The translation of a Chinese novel into another language is a complex process that involves many factors, including the author"s original language, the target language, the cultural context, and the audience. The translation of "活着" by Chinese author余华 (Yu Hua) into English has become a popular choice for readers around the world, as it is a powerful and moving work that captures the essence of Chinese culture and society. This paper will analyze thetranslation of "活着" using the techniques of文体学, which is a branch of literature that focuses on the language, culture, and audience of works of literature.文体学分析:文体学是一门研究文学语言和文化的学科,它关注文学作品中的语言、符号、结构和风格等方面。
Analysis of Major Characters in Lottery
Tessie HutchinsonWhen Tessie Hutchinson arrives late to the lottery, admitting that she forgot what day it was, she immediately stands out from the other villagers as someone different and perhaps even threatening. Whereas the other women arrive at the square calmly, chatting with one another and then standing placidly by their husbands, Tessie arrives flustered and out of breath. The crowd must part for her to reach her family, and she and her husband endure good-natured teasing as she makes her way to them. On a day when the villagers’ single focus is the lottery, this breach of propriety seems inappropriate, even unforgivable; everyone comes to the lottery, and everyone comes on time. The only person absent is a man whose leg is broken. Although Tessie quickly settles into the crowd and joins the lottery like everyone else, Jackson has set her apart as a kind of free spirit who was able to forget about the lottery entirely as she performed her chores.Perhaps because she is a free spirit, Tessie is the only villager to protest against the lottery. When the Hutchinson family draws the marked paper, she exclaims, “It wasn’tfair!” This refrain continues as she is selected and subsequently stoned to death, but instead of listening to her, the villagers ignore her. Even Bill tells her to be quiet. We don’t know whether Tessie would have protested the fairness of the lottery if her family had not been selected, but this is a moot point. Whatever her motivation is for speaking out, she is effectively silenced.Old Man WarnerOld Man Warner, the oldest man in town, has participated in seventy-seven lotteries and is a staunch advocate for keeping things exactly the way they are. He dismisses the towns and young people who have stopped having lotteries as “crazy fools,” and he is threatened by the idea of change. He believes, illogically, that the people who want to stop holding lotteries will soon want to live in caves, as though only the lottery keeps society stable. He also holds fast to what seems to be an old wiv es’ tale—“Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon”—and fears that if the lottery stops, the villagers will be forced to eat “chickweed and acorns.” Again, this idea suggests that stopping the lottery will lead to a return to a much earlier era, when people hunted and gathered for their food. These illogical, irrational fears reveal that Old Man Warner harbors a strong belief in superstition. He easily accepts the way things are because this is how they’ve always been, and he believes any change to the status quo will lead to disaster. This way of thinking shows how dangerous it is to follow tradition blindly, never questioning beliefs that are passed down from one generation to the next.Mr. SummersDespite his breezy, light-hearted name, Mr. Summers wields a frightening amount of power in the village, power that seems to have been assigned to him arbitrarily. A married, childless business owner, Mr. Summers is “jovial” and pitied by the townspeople for having a nagging wife. No one seems to question his leadership of the lottery, and it seems to have never been challenged. Perhaps he took on the role himself, or perhaps someone offered it to him. Whatever the case, he now has complete control. Mr. Summers not only draws the names on the day of the lottery, but he also makes up the slips of paper that go into the black box. It’s up to him to make the black circle that ultimately condemns someone to death. Jackson never explains why the villagers put such pure faith in Mr. Summers, and the assumption that he will continue to conduct the lottery is just one more inexplicable but universally accepted part of the ritual.。
Analysis of the Characters in Othello 《奥赛罗》中的人物分析
Analysis of the Characters in Othello 《奥赛罗》中的人物分析AcknowledgementsMy study at the Academic English will soon come to an end ,and at the completion of my final thesis; I wish to express my sincere appreciation to all th -ose who have offered me invaluable help during the two years of my college English study.First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my Academic English teacher,GuoXi.for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.Secondly, I should give my hearty thanks to my college.it provided us enormously resources ,let us more convenient to find information.Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my roommates who help me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.【Abstract】 William Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest among the great playwrights that have ever lived，Othello is one of Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.Othello is a new man of the Renaissance,is the first great black protagonist in Western literature, and still one of the most famous. In addition,the vivid contrast of character in this play is striking, such as the Moor Othello,the Gentle Desdemona,the villain Iago,and good-natured Cassio.This paper emphasizes on three major charactes:Othello, Desdemona, and Iago,and it’s mainly focused on Othello.The three characters distinguishing qualities enhance the contradiction and significance of this great tragedy. Othello is a jealous and suspicious leading role,and this weakness of character is used by Iago . The villain Iago premeditatedly spreads the rumor about his wife Desdermona and his friend Cassio.As his jealousy and suspicion, Othello is easily provoked by Iago. Therefore the rumor wr -ecks the happiness of Othello’s life. Desdemona is the incarnation of love and loyalty, she always believed her true love will moved her husband until the last moment of her life.Iago perhaps Shakespeare's most evil figure,he is couse of all the tragedy.In a word, all of this characters give rise to the resulting tragedy.【摘要】威廉莎士比亚被认为是在那些曾经出现的优秀剧作家中最优秀的一个，奥赛罗是莎士比亚四大杰出悲剧之一。
高歌2017.12.29M3b5
海明威说：“全部现代美国文学起源于 《小鬼闯天关》 · 马克· 吐温的一本名叫《哈克贝利 费恩 历险记》的书。前无古人，后无来者。”
1. Summary on the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Read the passage in Activity ④ on P21of our textbook. (Individually 1 minute )
1. What was the weather like that night？ There was a big storm and it’s raining heavily. 2. What did they see as they were sailing down the river? A steamboat. 3. Why did Jim agree to board the sinking board?
He decided to paddle away their boat.
4. Why did Huck feel bad about what he had done? He didn’t want all three men to die.
Intensive Reading
★ Task 1: Number the events in the order they happens.
Event
☆ The tall man threatened to ⑥_______ shoot the man on the floor with a gun, but the short man suggested leaving him on the ⑦_________ sinking steamboat. ☆Huck and Jim ⑧________ paddled
An Analysis of the characters in Hawthorn’s The Scarlet letter
An Analysis of the characters in Hawthorn’s The Scarlet letter Abstract: Nathaniel Hawthorn, one of the greatest novelists, short story writers in the world, is the first American writer of fiction who discovers American literature its inwardness. The Scarlet letter is one of the Hawthorn’s representative novel. And this novel focus on the nature of guilt, exploring both the hypocritical impulse in all man kind and the effects of sin. This thesis includes three parts aiming to give a comprehensive analysis of the main characters which shows that the guilt is universal and the complexities and ambiguities of people’s choice.Key Words: sin guilt self - atonement retributionIntroduction:The Scarlet Letter is an 1850 romantic work of fiction in a historical setting, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is considered to be his magnum opus. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, Massachusettsduring the years 1642 to 1649, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who conceives a daughter through an adulterous affair and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the book, Hawthorne explores themes of legalism, sin, and guilt.Rita K. Gollin delivers in his “Nathaniel Hawthorn”: before twentieth-century, early reviewers read the novel as a moral book, as an allegory; in the early stage of twentieth-century, recently, Post-structuralism, feminist and literary historians of the new Hawthorne. Reader-response theory shows how Hawthorne’s book “create”his readers; symbol of scarlet letter that scientists can refer to: hieroglyphs resist deconstrucyion that final interpretation of his text, his views on love and the performance of his rhetoric to re-Assessment(Nathaniel Hawthorne,2212).Henry James once said of the novel, “It is beautiful, admirable, extraordinary; it has in the highest degree that merit which I have spoken of as the mark of Hawthorne's best things--an indefinable purity and lightness of conception...One can often return to it; it supports familiarity and has the inexhaustible charm and mystery of great works of art.”To sum up, different researches have different viewpoints and they analyze the story from the different perspectives, and all give fruitful materials. However there are few who ever have made a thorough study of the character depiction in the novel, therefore this thesis attempts to give a comprehensive analysis of the protagonist character so as to make a better understanding aboutthis novel.1.Hester PrynneHester is the book’s protagonist and the wearer of the scarlet letter that gives the book its title. The letter, a patch of fabric in the shape of an “A,”signifies that Hester is an “adulterer.”As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live but never followed her. While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl. Hester is passionate but also strong—she endures years of shame and scorn.The character of Hester Prynne changed significantly throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hester Prynne, through the eyes of the Puritans, is an extreme sinner. She has gone against the Puritan ways, committing adultery. For this harsh sin, she must wear a symbol of shame for the rest of her natural life. Hester "was tall, with a figure of perfect elegance... she had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off sunshine with a gleam" . Her face was "beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of complexion" . She is a beautiful, young woman who has sinned, but is forgiven.Hawthorne makes Hester a heroin and survives to a tranquil old age just by expiating her offence. She wore the scarlet letter A, somewhat willingly, for the purpose of confessing her sin, of meditating and of reforming herself. On this point, Mark Van Doren’s comments about Hester, in my interpretation, agree with Hawthorne’s original intention. Doren said that she is “heroic in size and strength…Although she came to be Puritanism’s victim, she never surrendered the integrity of her soul. Neither did she complain of her fate. Her fate was to waste her life, yet we do not feel in the end that her life was wasted. Rather it is known, she is immortal.”⒄Each Character has a secret sin that he or she wishes to confess and each of those sins affects the character that committed that sin as well as other characters in the story.2.Roger ChillingworthAs his name suggests, Roger Chillingworth is a man deficient in human warmth. His twisted, stooped, deformed shoulders mirror his distorted soul. From what the reader is told of his early years with Hester, he was a difficult husband. He ignored his wife for much of the time, yet expected her to nourish his soul with affection when he did condescend to spend time with her. Chillingworth’s decision to assume the identity of a “leech,” or docto r, is fitting. Unable to engagein equitable relationships with those around him, he feeds on the vitality of others as a way of energizing his own projects. Chillingworth’s death is a result of the nature of his character. After Dimmesdale dies, Chillingw orth no longer has a victim. Similarly, Dimmesdale’s revelation that he is Pearl’s father removes Hester from the old man’s clutches. Having lost the objects of his revenge, the leech has no choice but to die.Ultimately, Chillingworth represents true evil. He is associated with secular and sometimes illicit forms of knowledge, as his chemical experiments and medical practices occasionally verge on witchcraft and murder. He is interested in revenge, not justice, and he seeks the deliberate destruction of others rather than a redress of wrongs. His desire to hurt others stands in contrast to Hester and Dimmesdale’s sin, which had love, not hate, as its intent. Any harm that may have come from the young lovers’ deed was unanticipated and inadvertent, whereas C hillingworth reaps deliberate harm.3.Arthur DimmesdaleArthur Dimmesdale is a respected minister in Boston and the father of Pearl. While Hester waited for her husband to arrive from Amsterdam, she met Dimmesdale and had an adulterous affair with him, which led to the birth of their daughter. While Hester is publicly shamed for the adultery, Dimmesdale must suffer the ignominy quietly since no one knows of his culpability. The suffering begins to take its physical toll, especially since Hester's husband Chillingworth seeks to destroy Dimmesdale and is a constant reminder of the guilt and shame he harbors from his affair with Hester. At the very end of the novel, Dimmesdale admits to being Pearl's father and reveals that he has a scarlet letter branded into his flesh. He dies upon the scaffold while holding Hester's hand.Arthur Dimmesdale, like Hester Prynne, is an individual whose identity owes more to external circumstances than to his innate nature. The reader is told that Dimmesdale was a scholar of some renown at Oxford University. His past suggests that he is probably somewhat aloof, the kind of man who would not have much natural sympathy for ordinary men and women. However, Dimmesdale has an unusually active conscience. The fact that Hester takes all of the blame for their shared sin goads his conscience, and his resultant mental anguish and physical weakness open up his mind and allow him to empathize with others. Consequently, he becomes an eloquent and emotionally powerful speaker and a compassionate leader, and his congregation is able toreceive meaningful spiritual guidance from him.Ironically, the townspeople do not believe Dimmesdale’s protestations of sinfulness. Given his background and his penchant for rhetorical speech, Dimmesdale’s c ongregation generally interprets his sermons allegorically rather than as expressions of any personal guilt. This drives Dimmesdale to further internalize his guilt and self-punishment and leads to still more deterioration in his physical and spiritual con dition. The town’s idolization of him reaches new heights after his Election Day sermon, which is his last. In his death, Dimmesdale becomes even more of an icon than he was in life. Many believe his confession was a symbolic act, while others believe Dimm esdale’s fate was an example of divine judgment.ConclusionThrough the analyze of the characters we can see that Hawthorne assumes the universality of guilty and explore the complexities and ambiguities of man’s choice. In this novel, Hawthorn does not intend to tell a love story nor a story of sin, but focus his attention on the novel, emotional, and psychological effects or consequences of the sin on the people people in general and those main characters in particular, so as to know us the tension between society and individuals. Everyone is potentially a sinner, and great moral courage is therefore indispensable for the improvement of human nature. The Scarlet Letter is a hymn on the moral growth of the woman when sinned against.BibliographyNathaniel Hawthorne.The Scarlet Letter [M]. Bantam Classics Press, 2004魏晓红. 英美文学自主学习与实践[M].天津大学出版社，2011刘伟. AN ARCHETYPAL ANAL YSIS OF THE SCARLET LETTER /p-604514388.html。
lottery主旨分析
lottery主旨分析[摘要]本文选择了美国女作家雪莉·杰克逊的短篇小说The Lottery（节选），从文体学的三个方面（词汇手法、连贯性、语法）来分析作家是如何叙述一个表面上是幸运的，而实际上是荒诞离奇的故事，从而表达了故事的主题，即揭露了人类固有的愚昧无知和村民们之间的冷酷无情和漠然。
[关键词]短篇小说雪莉·杰克逊文体学词汇手法连贯性语法在这篇论文里，我想根据Style in Fiction一书中的文体学检查表来简单地分析一下短篇小说The Lottery中的几个段落。
我所选择的短篇小说The Lottery（节选）是由美国女作家雪莉·杰克逊所写，这篇短篇小说发表于1949年。
这是一个关于奇怪习俗的荒诞故事。
村民们每年六月都要举行一次抽签。
他们聚集在镇上的广场，每个家庭的户主代表这家去抽签，谁抽到做了记号的纸片就表示这家人中奖了。
中奖的家庭进行第二轮抽签，谁在第二轮抽到做了记号的纸片就要被村民们扔石头。
换言之，谁最后中奖了，奖品就是被石头扔死为止。
在这个故事里，苔西·赫金逊太太成为了代罪羔羊。
雪莉·杰克逊的小说The Lottery是寓言短故事的一个很好的例子。
抽签这种传统活动已经在这个小镇上存在了七十多年之久；村民们不再质疑这种活动，而只是盲目地跟从。
在现代社会，不管出于何种原因，把一个人活活用石头扔死，都是极其残酷和诡异的惩罚，是令人发指的。
本文清晰地表达了作者对于人类隐藏在传统和习俗后面的邪恶本质的感觉。
杰克逊用象征手法呈现了本文的主题，即揭露了人类固有的愚昧无知和村民们之间的冷酷无情和漠然。
象征手法贯穿了故事的背景、物件、人物行为，甚至在时间的设置和幸运参与者的名字里。
作者运用了很多手法来表述她的观点，其中，象征手法和讽刺这两种最为显著。
在这篇论文里，我仅仅集中在文体学的三个方面来分析一下：首先，在词汇手法方面（lexicalm eans），杰克逊主义已经发展到了高峰，李斯特、瓦格纳在那个年代如日中天，他们所谓的音乐哲学观已经渗透到了欧洲的每一个角落。
Analysis of Characters in Robinson Crusoe in High
Analysis of Characters in Robinson Crusoe in High School English Classroom Teaching 作者：李嘉业来源：《中学生英语·外语教学与研究》2019年第01期Robinson Crusoe is the most famous novel of the famous British writer Defoe. This work tells the story of the heroine Robinson living alone on the desert island for 28 years. In the face of setbacks， Robinson is very brave and insists on not giving up， but there are still many deficiencies in him. This article attempts to explore Robinson’s character from the perspective of characte r analysis.Chapter 1 The Positive Aspects of the Character of Robinson CrusoeRobinson is a great man， a firm man， an optimist， an industrious man， a man full of enthusiasm， a man who does not yield to his fate without suffering. He lives alone on this uninhabited island for 27 years. In the face of the plight of life，Robinson’s actions show a man’s perseverance and heroic nature. He embodies the creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the bourgeois during the capitalism rising period. He dares to fight against the bad environment. At the same time，he has the firm will and perseverance and the confidence to change everything. He believes that heaven will not fall down.Robinson is hardworking， brave and witty. On the second voyage， he learned the knowledge of mathematics and the rules of navigation， and learned how to observe everything at sea. In short，he learned all the necessary knowledge that the sailor should have. When he first came to Brazil plantation， he knew nothing about planting. After observing for a while， he began to build his own plantation. Because of proper management， the plantation has developed very well. In the early days of life on the island he got food by hunting， and then fed on stocked livestock and sowing corn； he set up two houses for himself； he made clothes for himself with the fur of his prey； he also built ships in addition to all the necessities. His extraordinary ability to work not only reflects his firm willpower， strong physique and amazing perseverance. Robinson was calm， resourceful and decisive.Chapter 2 Robinson’s Negative QualitiesRobinson never seems to care about his parents. When he returned to England， his parents both died. In Robinson’s mind， women are goods， property and reproductive tools to inherit their blood. These are all manifestations of his indifference to family. As a son， he is not filial piety， as a husband，he doesn’t care about his wife， and as a father，he fails to fulfill his father’s obligation.Robinson also has a lot of shortcomings， such as his fragility and vanity in the face of difficulties. As he has often observed：“how incongruous and irrational the common temper of mankind is， especially of youth， to that reason which ought to guide them in such cases. That they are not ashamed to sin， and yet are ashamed to repent； not ashamed of the action for which they ought justly to be esteemed fools， but are ashamed of the returning， which only can make them be esteemed wise men.” After the failur e of the first maritime voyage， Robinson began to consider the path of life： whether he should go home or go out to sea. After careful consideration， he chose the latter. Although he also wanted to go home， his inner pride stopped him.Under the temptation of money， Robinson was uneasy about the mediocre life of the middle-class family，and went out to sea four times regardless of his parents’ objection. Later， he managed to escape to Brazil and set up his own plantation there. It could have been done here， but he was insatiable， gave up his comfortable life， went into partnership with others and risked a greater risk to Africa for the slave trade. But it turned out that the slaves did not get it， and their ships were killed. He left alone on a deserted island. On the desert island， Robinson conquered the native Indians with the firearms and Christianity representing the capitalist civilization and brought the relationship between the capital owners and the people on the island. In this sense， all his adventures are aimed at possessing more wealth.ConclusionRobinson not only has a distinct personality， but is brave， strong， intelligent and hard-working. Robinson Crusoe once again brought human nature to the most basic primitive era，allowing people to see nature and desire. The lives of desert islands make people see that everyone seems to enjoy loneliness. Therefore， we must respect nature， communicate with nature， and understand the true principles of communication between people.References[1] Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe [M]. Shanghai： Shanghai World Book Publishing Company， 2003.[2] Green， Martin. Dreams of Adventure[M]. London： Loutless Press， 1980. Language Teaching and Research Press， 1988.[3] Wu Weiren. History and Anthology of English Literature[M]. Beijing： Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press， 1988.（作者单位：山东青岛市实验高级中学）。
经典文学人物评价英语作文技巧和方法
经典文学人物评价英语作文技巧与方法In the realm of academic writing, evaluating classic literary characters is a task that requires a delicate blend of critical analysis and creative interpretation. To craft an essay that both honors the text and offers fresh insights, one must follow certain techniques and methods. This article aims to guide students through the process of evaluating classic literary characters in English essays, focusing on techniques such as character analysis, thematic connections, and critical evaluation.**1. Character Analysis**The foundation of any literary essay is a thorough understanding of the characters. Start by identifying the main characteristics of the character you are evaluating. This includes physical traits, personality attributes, and their actions and decisions throughout the story. For instance, when analyzing Hamlet from Shakespeare's "Hamlet," one might focus on his indecisiveness, his complex relationship with his father and mother, and his ultimate tragic fate.**2. Thematic Connections**Examine how the character fits into the overall themes and messages of the work. This involves considering how the character's actions and decisions contribute to the development of the plot and the expression of the author's ideas. For example, in "The Catcher in the Rye," Holden Caulfield's rebellious nature and his struggle to fit in highlight the themes of adolescent angst and social isolation.**3. Critical Evaluation**In your essay, offer a critical evaluation of the character's significance and impact on the story. This involves discussing the character's role in the development of the plot, their influence on other characters, and their symbolic value, if any. For instance, in "To Kill a Mockingbird," Atticus Finch's character embodies thevirtues of integrity and justice, serving as a moral compass for the reader.**4. Literary Devices**Examine the literary devices used by the author to bring out the character's traits and motivations. This could include metaphors, similes, irony, symbolism, and other rhetorical tools. For example, in "The Great Gatsby," Fitzgerald uses the green light at the end of Daisy's dock to symbolize Jay Gatsby's unattainable dream.**5. Contextual Understanding**It is essential to consider the historical and social context of the work when evaluating classic literary characters. This helps in understanding the character's actions and decisions from a cultural perspective. For instance, in "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn," Huck's decision to runaway with Jim, a runaway slave, reflects the complexities of race and slavery in 19th-century America. **6. Creative Interpretation**While staying true to the text, feel free to offer your own interpretations and insights. This could involve comparing and contrasting the character with real-life individuals or exploring their psychological complexities. For example, in "The Scarlet Letter," Hester Prynne's resilience and strength in the face of adversity could beinterpreted as a commentary on female resilience and the power of love.**7. Conclusion**In your conclusion, summarize your analysis and evaluation, emphasizing the character's significance and impact on the overall work. Tie your arguments back to the themes and messages of the story, leaving the reader with a lasting impression.**经典文学人物评价英语作文技巧与方法**在学术写作领域，对经典文学人物进行评价是一项需要结合批判性分析与创造性解读的任务。
高一英语文学批评方法单选题30题及答案
高一英语文学批评方法单选题30题及答案1. In the novel, the main character is brave, intelligent and kind. Which of the following is not a possible way to analyze this character?A. Psychological analysisB. Sociological analysisC. Biological analysisD. Geographical analysis答案：D。
解析：心理分析可以从人物的内心世界、情感等方面分析勇敢、聪明和善良等特质；社会学分析可以从人物所处的社会环境等方面分析；生物学分析可以从人物的生理特征等方面分析。
而地理分析与人物的勇敢、聪明和善良等特质关系不大。
2. The character in the story is always helping others. This can be analyzed from which perspective?A. Feminist analysisB. Marxist analysisC. Ethical analysisD. Formalist analysis答案：C。
解析：伦理分析可以探讨人物的道德行为，帮助他人属于道德行为范畴。
女权主义分析主要关注性别问题；马克思主义分析关注社会阶级等问题；形式主义分析关注作品的形式结构等。
3. A character is rebellious and challenges the status quo. Which method of literary criticism is most suitable for analyzing this character?A. Postcolonial analysisB. New Historicist analysisC. Deconstructionist analysisD. Psychoanalytic analysis答案：C。
高二英语文学流派单选题40题
高二英语文学流派单选题40题1.Which of the following is a key feature of Romantic literature?A.Emphasis on reason and logicB.Precise description of realityC.Expression of intense emotionsD.Avoidance of supernatural elements答案：C。
本题考查浪漫主义文学的关键特征。
选项A 强调理性和逻辑，这与浪漫主义强调情感和直觉相悖。
选项B 对现实的精确描述更符合现实主义文学。
选项C 表达强烈的情感是浪漫主义文学的重要特点。
选项D 避免超自然元素不符合浪漫主义常包含奇幻和超自然元素的特点。
2.In a Romantic literary work, you are likely to find:A.Extensive social criticismB.Detailed historical recordsC.Imaginative landscapes and charactersD.Factual accounts of scientific discoveries答案：C。
浪漫主义文学作品中，更可能出现富有想象力的风景和人物。
选项A 广泛的社会批评多见于批判现实主义作品。
选项B 详细的历史记录并非浪漫主义的重点。
选项C 符合浪漫主义富有想象力和创造力的特点。
选项D 关于科学发现的事实记录与浪漫主义的风格不符。
3.Which author is typically associated with Romanticism?A.Charles DickensB.Jane AustenC.William WordsworthD.George Eliot答案：C。
威廉·华兹华斯通常与浪漫主义相关联。
选项A 查尔斯·狄更斯是批判现实主义作家。
Analysis of Major Characters
Analysis of Major CharactersThe Older WaiterLike the old man, the older waiter likes to stay late at cafés, and he understands on a deep level why they are both reluctant to go home at night. He tries to explain it to the younger waiter by saying, “He stays up because he likes it,” but the younger waiter dismisses this and says that the old man is lonely. Indeed, both the old man and the older waiter are lonely. The old man lives alone with only a niece to look after him, and we never learn what happened to his wife. He drinks alone late into the night, getting drunk in cafés. The older waiter, too, is lonely. He lives alone and makes a habit of staying out late rather than going home to bed. But there is more to the older waiter’s “insomnia,” as he calls it, than just loneliness. An unnamed, unspecified malaise seems to grip him. This malaise is not “a fear or dread,” as the older waiter clarifies to himself, but an overwhelming feeling of nothingness—an existential angst about his place in the universe and an uncertainty about the meaning of life. Whereas other people find meaning and comfort in religion, the older waiter dismisses religion as “nada”—nothing. The older waiter finds solace only in clean, well-lit cafés. There, life seems to make sense. The older waiter recognizes himself in the old man and sees his own future. He stands up for the old man against the younger waiter’s criticisms, pointing out that the old man might benefit from a wife and is clean and neat when he drinks. The older waiter has no real reason to take the old man’s side. In fact, the old man sometimes leaves the café without paying. But the possible reason for his support becomes clear when the younger waiter tells the older waiter that he talks like an old man too. The older waiter is aware that he is not young or confident, and he knows that he may one day be just like the old man—unwanted, alone, and in despair. Ultimately, the older waiter is reluctant to close the café as much for the old man’s sake as for his own because someday he’ll need someone to keep a café open late for him.The Younger Waiter Brash and insensitive, the younger waiter can’t see beyond himself. He readily admits that he isn’t lonely and is eager to return home where his wife is waiting for him. He doesn’t seem to care that others can’t say the same and doesn’t recognize that the café is a refuge for those who are lonely. The younger waiter is immature and says rude things to the old man because he wants to close the café early. He seems unaware that he won’t be young forever or that he may need a place to find solace later in life too. Unlike the older waiter, who thinks deeply—perhaps too deeply—about life and those who struggle to face it, the younger waiter demonstrates a dismissive attitude toward human life in general. For example, he says the old man should have just gone ahead and killed himself and says that he “wouldn’t want to be that old.” He himself has reason to live, and his whole life is ahead of him. “You have everything,” the older waiter tells him. The younger waiter, immersed in happiness, doesn’t really understand that he is lucky, and he therefore has little compassion or understanding for those who are lonely and still searching for meaning in their lives. Themes, Motifs, and Symbols Themes Themes Life as NothingnessIn “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,” Hemingway suggests that life has no meaning and that man is an insignificant speck in a great sea of nothingness. The older waiter makes this idea as clear as he can when he says, “It was all a nothing and man was a nothing too.” When he substitutes theSpanish word nada (nothing) into the prayers he recites, he indicates that religion, to which many people turn to find meaning and purpose, is also just nothingness. Rather than pray with the actual words, “Our Father who art in heaven,” the older waiter says, “Our nada who art in nada”—effectively wiping out both God and the idea of heaven in one breath. Not everyone is aware of the nothingness, however. For example, the younger waiter hurtles through his life hastily and happily, unaware of any reason why he should lament. For the old man, the older waiter, and the other people who need late-night cafés, however, the idea of nothingness is overwhelming and leads to despair. The Struggle to Deal with DespairThe old man and older waiter in “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” struggle to find a way to deal with their despair, but even their best method simply subdues the despair rather than cures it. The old man has tried to stave off despair in several unsuccessful ways. We learn that he has money, but money has not helped. We learn that he was once married, but he no longer has a wife. We also learn that he has unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide in a desperate attempt to quell the despair for good. The only way the old man can deal with his despair now is to sit for hours in a clean, well-lit café. Deaf, he can feel the quietness of the nighttime and the café, and although he is essentially in his own private world, sitting by himself in the café is not the same as being alone.The older waiter, in his mocking prayers filled with the word nada, shows that religion is not a viable method of dealing with despair, and his solution is the same as the old man’s: he waits out the nighttime in cafés. He is particular about the type of café he likes: the café must be well lit and clean. Bars and bodegas, although many are open all night, do not lessen despair because they are not clean, and patrons often must stand at the bar rather than sit at a table. The old man and the older waiter also glean solace from routine. The ritualistic café-sitting and drinking help them deal with despair because it makes life predictable. Routine is something they can control and manage, unlike the vast nothingness that surrounds them. Motifs LonelinessLoneliness pervades “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” and suggests that even though there are many people struggling with despair, everyone must struggle alone. The deaf old man, with no wife and only a niece to care for him, is visibly lonely. The younger waiter, frustrated that the old man won’t go home, defines himself and the old man in opposites: “He’s lonely. I’m not lonely.” Loneliness, for the younger waiter, is a key difference between them, but he gives no thought to why the old man might be lonely and doesn’t consider the possibility that he may one day be lonely too. The older waiter, although he doesn’t say explicitly that he is lonely, is so similar to the old man in his habit of sitting in cafés late at night that we can assume that he too suffers from loneliness. The older waiter goes home to his room and lies in bed alone, telling himself that he merely suffers from sleeplessness. Even in this claim, however, he instinctively reaches out for company, adding, “Many must have it.” The thought that he is not alone in having insomnia or being lonely comforts him. SymbolsThe CaféThe café represents the opposite of nothingness: its cleanliness and good lighting suggest order and clarity, whereas nothingness is chaotic, confusing, and dark. Because the café is so different from the nothingness the older waiter describes, it serves as a natural refuge from the despair felt by those who are acutely aware of the nothingness. In a clean, brightly lit café, despair can be controlled and even temporarily forgotten. When the older waiter describes the nothingness that is life, he says, “It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order.” The it in the sentence is never defined, but we can speculate about the waiter’s meaning: although life and man are nothing, light, clealiness, and order can serve as substance. They can help stave off the despair that comes from feeling completely unanchored to anyone or anything. As long as a clean, well-lighted café exists, despair can be kept in check.Hemingway’s Economy of Style“A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” is arguably not only one of Hemingway’s best short stories but also a story that clearly demonstrates the techniques of Hemingway’s signature writing style. Hemingway is known for his economic prose—his writing is minimalist and sparse, with few adverbs or adjectives. He includes only essential information, often omitting background information, transitions, and dialogue tags such as “he said” or “she said. He often uses pronouns without clear antecedents, such as using the word it without clarifying what it refers to. Hemingway applies the “iceberg principle” to his stories: only the tip of the story is visible on the page, while the rest is left underwater—unsaid. Hemingway also rarely specifies which waiter is speaking in the story because he has deemed such clarification unnecessary. The essential element is that two waiters are discussing a drunk old man—the rest can be omitted according to Hemingway’s economy of style. When the older waiter contemplates the idea of nothingness, Hemingway loads the sentences with vague pronouns, never clarifying what they refer to: “It was all a nothing. . . . It was only that. . . . Some lived in it . . .” Although these lines are somewhat confusing, the confusion is the point. This nothingness can’t be defined clearly, no matter how many words are used. Hemingway uses fewer words and lets the effect of his style speak for itself.The Deceptive Pacing of the StoryHemingway does not waste words on changing scenes or marking the passage of time, leaving it up to us to keep track of what’s happening and the story’s pacing. For example, only a brief conversation between the waiters takes place between the time when the younger waiter serves the old man a brandy and the time when the old man asks for another. Hemingway is not suggesting that the old man has slugged back the brandy quickly. In fact, the old man stays in the café for a long time. Time has lapsed here, but Hemingway leaves it up to us to follow the pace of the story. The pace of “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” may seem swift, but the action of the story actually stretches out for much longer than it appears to. The sitting, drinking, and contemplating that take place are languid actions. We may read the story quickly, but the scenes themselves are not quick. Just as Hemingway doesn’t waste words by trying to slow down his scenes, he also refrains from including unnecessary transitions. For example, when the older waiter leaves the café and mulls over the idea of nothingness, he finishes his parody of prayer and, without any transition that suggests that hewas walking, we suddenly find him standing at a bar. Hemingway lets the waiter’s thoughts serve as the transition. When he writes, “He smiled and stood before a bar,” we’re meant to understand that the waiter had been walking and moving as he was thinking to himself. And when the waiter orders a drink at the bar, the bartender offers him another just two sentences later. Again, Hemingway is not suggesting that the waiter gulps his drink. Instead, he conveys only the most essential information in the scene.Existentialism and the “Lost Generation”The term Lost Generation refers to the writers and artists living in Paris after World War I. The violence of World War I, also called the Great War, was unprecedented and invalidated previous ideas about faith, life, and death. Traditional values that focused on God, love, and manhood dissolved, leaving Lost Generation writers adrift. They struggled with moral and psychological aimlessness as they searched for the meaning of life in a changed world. This search for meaning and these feelings of emptiness and aimlessness reflect some of the principle ideas behind existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophical movement rooted in the work of the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, who lived in the mid-1800s. The movement gained popularity in the mid-1900s thanks to the work of the French intellectuals Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Albert Camus, including Sartre’s Being and Nothingness (1943). According to existentialists, life has no purpose, the universe is indifferent to human beings, and humans must look to their own actions to create meaning, if it is possible to create meaning at all. Existentialists consider questions of personal freedom and responsibility. Although Hemingway was writing years before existentialism became a prominent cultural idea, his questioning of life and his experiences as a searching member of the Lost Generation gave his work existentialist overtones.Analysis of Major CharactersEmily Grierson Emily is the classic outsider, controlling and limiting the town’s access to her true identity by remaining hidden. The house that shields Emily from the world suggests the mind of the woman who inhabits it: shuttered, dusty, and dark. The object of the town’s intense scrutiny, Emily is a muted and mysterious figure. On one level, she exhibits the qualities of the stereotypical southern “eccentric”: unbalanced, excessively tragic, and subject to bizarre behavior. Emily enforces her own sense of law and conduct, such as when she refuses to pay her taxes or state her purpose for buying the poison. Emily also skirts the law when she refuses to have numbers attached to her house when federal mail service is instituted. Her dismissal of the law eventually takes on more sinister consequences, as she takes the life of the man whom she refuses to allow to abandon her. The narrator portrays Emily as a monument, but at the same time she is pitied and often irritating, demanding to live life on her own terms. The subject of gossip and speculation, the townspeople cluck their tongues at the fact that she accepts Homer’s attentions with no firm wedding plans. After she purchases the poison, the townspeople conclude that she will kill herself. Emily’s instabilities, however, lead her in a different direction, and the final scene of the story suggests that she is a necrophiliac. Necrophilia typically means a sexual attraction to dead bodies. In a broader sense, the term also describes a powerful desire to control another, usually in the context of a romantic or deeply personal relationship. Necrophiliacs tend to be so controlling in their relationships that they ultimately resort to bonding with unresponsive entities with no resistance or will—in other words, with dead bodies. Mr.Grierson controlled Emily, and after his death, Emily temporarily controls him by refusing to give up his dead body. She ultimately transfers this control to Homer, the object of her affection. Unable to find a traditional way to express her desire to possess Homer, Emily takes his life to achieve total power over him. Homer Barron Homer, much like Emily, is an outsider, a stranger in town who becomes the subject of gossip. Unlike Emily, however, Homer swoops into town brimming with charm, and he initially becomes the center of attention and the object of affection. Some townspeople distrust him because he is both a Northerner and day laborer, and his Sunday outings with Emily are in many ways scandalous, because the townspeople regard Emily—despite her eccentricities—as being from a higher social class. Homer’s failure to properly court and marry Emily prompts speculation and suspicion. He carouses with younger men at the Elks Club, and the narrator portrays him as either a homosexual or simply an eternal bachelor, dedicated to his single status and uninterested in marriage. Homer says only that he is “not a marrying man.” As the foreman of a company that has arrived in town to pave the sidewalks, Homer is an emblem of the North and the changes that grip the once insular and genteel world of the South. With his machinery, Homer represents modernity and industrialization, the force of progress that is upending traditional values and provoking resistance and alarm among traditionalists. Homer brings innovation to the rapidly changing world of this Southern town, whose new leaders are themselves pursuing more “modern” ideas. The change that Homer brings to Emily’s life, as her first real lover, is equally as profound and seals his grim fate as the victim of her plan to keep him permanently by her side.Themes, Motifs, and SymbolsThemesTradition versus Change Through the mysterious figure of Emily Grierson, Faulkner conveys the struggle that comes from trying to maintain tradition in the face of widespread, radical change. Jefferson is at a crossroads, embracing a modern, more commercial future while still perched on the edge of the past, from the faded glory of the Grierson home to the town cemetery where anonymous Civil War soldiers have been laid to rest. Emily herself is a tradition, steadfastly staying the same over the years despite many changes in her community. She is in many ways a mixed blessing. As a living monument to the past, she represents the traditions that people wish to respect and honor; however, she is also a burden and entirely cut off from the outside world, nursing eccentricities that others cannot understand.Emily lives in a timeless vacuum and world of her own making. Refusing to have metallic numbers affixed to the side of her house when the town receives modern mail service, she is out of touch with the reality that constantly threatens to break through her carefully sealed perimeters. Garages and cotton gins have replaced the grand antebellum homes. The aldermen try to break with the unofficial agreement about taxes once forged between Colonel Sartoris and Emily. This new and younger generation of leaders brings in Homer’s company to pave the sidewalks. Although Jefferson still highly regards traditional notions of honor and reputation, the narrator is critical of the old men in their Confederate uniforms who gather for Emily’s funeral. For them asfor her, time is relative. The past is not a faint glimmer but an ever-present, idealized realm. Emily’s macabre bridal chamber is an extreme attempt to stop time and prevent change, although doing so comes at the expense of human life. The Power of DeathDeath hangs over “A Rose for Emily,” from the narrator’s mention of Emily’s death at the beginning of the story through the description of Emily’s death-haunted life to the foundering of tradition in the face of modern changes. In every case, death prevails over every attempt to master it. Emily, a fixture in the community, gives in to death slowly. The narrator compares her to a drowned woman, a bloated and pale figure left too long in the water. In the same description, he refers to her small, spare skeleton—she is practically dead on her feet. Emily stands as an emblem of the Old South, a grand lady whose respectability and charm rapidly decline through the years, much like the outdated sensibilities the Griersons represent. The death of the old social order will prevail, despite many townspeople’s attempts to stay true to the old ways. Emily attempts to exert power over death by denying the fact of death itself. Her bizarre relationship to the dead bodies of the men she has loved—her necrophilia—is revealed first when her father dies. Unable to admit that he has died, Emily clings to the controlling paternal figure whose denial and control became the only—yet extreme—form of love she knew. She gives up his body only reluctantly. When Homer dies, Emily refuses to acknowledge it once again—although this time, she herself was responsible for bringing about the death. In killing Homer, she was able to keep him near her. However, Homer’s lifelessness rendered him permanently distant. Emily and Homer’s grotesque marriage reveals Emily’s disturbing attempt to fuse life and death. However, death ultimately triumphs.MotifsWatching Emily is the subject of the intense, controlling gaze of the narrator and residents of Jefferson. In lieu of an actual connection to Emily, the townspeople create subjective and often distorted interpretations of the woman they know little about. They attend her funeral under the guise of respect and honor, but they really want to satisfy their lurid curiosity about the town’s most notable eccentric. One of the ironic dimensions of the story is that for all the gossip and theorizing, no one guesses the perverse extent of Emily’s true nature.For most of the story, Emily is seen only from a distance, by people who watch her through the windows or who glimpse her in her doorway. The narrator refers to her as an object—an “idol.” This pattern changes briefly during her courtship with Homer Barron, when she leaves her house and is frequently out in the world. However, others spy on her just as avidly, and she is still relegated to the role of object, a distant figure who takes on character according to the whims of those who watch her. In this sense, the act of watching is powerful because it replaces an actual human presence with a made-up narrative that changes depending on who is doing the watching. No one knows the Emily that exists beyond what they can see, and her true self is visible to them only after she dies and her secrets are revealed. DustA pall of dust hangs over the story, underscoring the decay and decline that figure so prominently. The dust throughout Emily’s house is a fitting accompaniment to the faded lives within. When the aldermen arrive to try and secure Emily’s annual tax payment, the house smells of “dust and disuse.” As they seat themselves, the movement stirs dust all around them, and it slowly rises, roiling about their thighs and catching the slim beam of sunlight entering the room. The house is a place of stasis, where regrets and memories have remained undisturbed. In a way, the dust is a protective presence; the aldermen cannot penetrate Emily’s murky relationship with reality. The layers of dust also suggest the cloud of obscurity that hides Emily’s true nature and the secrets her house contains. In the final scene, the dust is an oppressive presence that seems to emanate from Homer’s dead body. The dust, which is everywhere, seems even more horrible here.SymbolsEmily’s House Emily’s house, like Emily herself, is a monument, the only remaining emblem of a dying world of Southern aristocracy. The outside of the large, square frame house is lavishly decorated. The cupolas, spires, and scrolled balconies are the hallmarks of a decadent style of architecture that became popular in the 1870s. By the time the story takes place, much has changed. The street and neighborhood, at one time affluent, pristine, and privileged, have lost their standing as the realm of the elite. The house is in some ways an extension of Emily: it bares its “stubborn and coquettish decay” to the town’s residents. It is a testament to the endurance and preservation of tradition but now seems out of place among the cotton wagons, gasoline pumps, and other industrial trappings that surround it—just as the South’s old values are out of place in a changing society.Emily’s house also represents alienation, mental illness, and death. It is a shrine to the living past, and the sealed upstairs bedroom is her macabre trophy room where she preserves the man she would not allow to leave her. As when the group of men sprinkled lime along the foundation to counteract the stench of rotting flesh, the townspeople skulk along the edges of Emily’s life and property. The house, like its owner, is an object of fascination for them. They project their own lurid fantasies and interpretations onto the crumbling edifice and mysterious figure inside. Emily’s death is a chance for them to gain access to this forbidden realm and confirm their wildest notions and most sensationalistic suppositions about what had occurred on the inside. The Strand of HairThe strand of hair is a reminder of love lost and the often perverse things people do in their pursuit of happiness. The strand of hair also reveals the inner life of a woman who, despite her eccentricities, was committed to living life on her own terms and not submitting her behavior, no matter how shocking, to the approval of others. Emily subscribes to her own moral code and occupies a world of her own invention, where even murder is permissible. The narrator foreshadows the discovery of the long strand of hair on the pillow when he describes the physical transformation that Emily undergoes as she ages. Her hair grows more and more grizzled until it becomes a “vigorous iron-gray.” The strand of hair ultimately stands as the last vestige of a life left to languish and decay, much like the body of Emily’s former lover.。
高英写作6-10课翻译
6 pedantry译文定义“迂腐”并不容易。
这定义应该公允而不变。
但“迂腐”却要视情况而变化。
当在下院不能引用希腊文，引用就是迂腐时，却可以引用拉丁文。
今天，在下院引用拉丁文，也同引用希腊文一样是学究气，但在古典文学习班，两种文字都可以引用，一点也不让人感到是迂腐。
New words译文检验是否是“迂腐”，不仅要看时间和地点是否适合，也要看程度、质量、数量和种类，是否适合。
亚里士多德在说“主题不应处理得超过目的所要求的精度”时，就避免了一种“迂腐”。
如果有人想知道每个美国家庭的平均孩子数，把它计算到小数点后五位，那就是迂腐。
当一个讲古（趣闻轶事）的人，停下来去搞清是星期二还是星期三时，要是这和理解故事无关，他就是迂腐。
Purpose of the writing:pedantry predominates; it is the sea around us译文换句话说，理智上的正确与否，就是看是否讲了超出主题该讲的有意义的话。
或者再换句话说，知识未必是没完没了，越多越好。
当一段陈述的最后意义讲完了，再讲就是迂腐了。
现在请看看每年那大块头的学术论文，用上述是否得当和是否讲了费话来衡量一下，就可以清楚地看到，迂腐比比皆是。
我们深陷迂腐的大海。
A genus-species definition is good for concrete physical objects, not for abstract words like pedantry.Mr. Barzun defines pedantry by pointing out its specific examples. We call it defining by example, or examplification. It helps make the meaning clearer. However, sometimes it may mislead the reader when the reader thinks differently.Exercises 7, 8, and 97: All the three original sentences are periodic sentences. The revision loses the suspension.8: The revision loses the dramatic development to the logical conclusion and climax.9: The original sentence stresses the word “today”, the rest are subordinate clauses.Look upTaint: slight touch of decay, dirtAscertain: To make certain, definite, and precise.Homogenous: formed of parts of the same kind consistentScholarly: concerned with serious detailed studiesExercises 11, 12, and 1311: When a definition is neutral and fixed, all people can accept the meaning, and use it without misinterpretation. Mr. Barzun suggest that the meaning of pedantry changes.12: the repetition of fitness focuses more attention and emphasis on the key word “fitness.”13: In other words is an expository transition introducing a more precise illustration or correction. If a writer fails to make himself clear, he may repeat the same idea by rephrasing it in some other way7．PLOTNew wordssequence (n.) A number of things in or as if in line: series, chain, catena, course, ordercausality n. pl. causalities 1. The principle of or relationship between cause and effect. 2. A causal agency, force, or quality.preserve, keepovershadow(v.) To surpass in power, importance, or influence: predominate, dominate, govern, loom large, prevailUnderline the keywords1 Let us define a plot. We have defined a story as a narrative of events arranged in their time-sequence. A plot is also a narrative of events, the emphasis falling on causality. "The king died and then the queen dies," is a story. "The king dies, and then the queen died of grief," is a plot. The The time-sequence is preserved, but the sense of causality overshadows it.译文让我们给情节下一个定义，我们已经把故事定义为按时间叙事。
The Lottery 英文赏析
The Lottery 英文赏析The short story Lottery is the classic work of famous American novelist Shirly Jackson.It narrators the story about the people of a small town held an aniversal activity of lottery , and the person who got the lottery would be hit to death by stones for the sake of havrest of the following year. The narrator centers on the actions and simple language of each town people from an obejective perspective to reflect the blind obedience, less of rationality and cruel coldness of human nature of the whole town people.The essay will focus on the analysis of the characters to dig up the deep themes of the short story. The difference between The Lottery and other stories is that there is no clear clue to define who are the leading roles and who are the supporting roles. In other words , the whole town people is the a complete protagonist.In the story, the narrator shows us the whole process the lottery activity just like a professional reporter, she described each plot with calm attitude and we could not see any personal feeling or expectation of the writer from any character of the whole town people.In the small town , the activity of lottery was presented by a man who was named Mr Summers, who had time and energy to devote to the civic activities. He was a round-faced，jovial man and he ran the coal business，and people were sorry for him，because he had no children and his wife was a scold.The name Summers has implied us the social status and infulences of Mr Summers, he was the owner of the coal business and had power on the whole town people. Every living summer, he gathered the people together and held the lottery ceremony which cost one human being' life to keep the stupid suspitious saying:lottery in June, corn be heavy soon. The group of people like Mr Summers had controls not only on the whold process of the lottery but also the economic resources even destinies. The lottery was only a kind of ritual which was used to blind their souls, transfer their disatisfy about the real life and take out their anger on the much miserier person-the lottery winner.The old man Mr Warner was the eldest person in the town who was supposed to the wisdom in common sense, instead he was the representive ofthe most fatuous and cruel human beings. He has been in the lottery for 77 years qutoed what he said: "Seventy-seventh year I been in the Lottery" as he went through the crowd :Seventy seven times. We can understand from a different view: He has been taking part in killing people to death for more than seventy times. The luckiness of he could escape from eachlife-risk in the lottery has been transformed into huge zealous passion to keep this convention and defend anyone who even thought about abandoning this ritual in head.The lottery tradition has been kept year by year, there was a human being was hit to death year by year, until this year when the narrator reported to us , we still could not see a sign that it would be changed.So the lottery winner Tessie in this year was just like everyone in the past,she was the victim for others to keep their blind ritual. We don't know why the writer chose Tessie to be the victim. There was no any singal which implies Tessie would be the one who got the lottery. She was like everyone who came for this ceremony as a participant and a vindicator as well.<抽彩>讲述美国的一个普通小村镇的古老传统仪式:村民们每年举行一次抽彩活动,抽出中彩者用乱石打死来保证收获.雪利·杰克逊用独特的风格揭示人性的残忍、不仁道和社会对个体的迫害,因此引起许多争议.本文分析<抽彩>的冲突、背景、人物塑造、象征和讽刺手法.Abstract：The story "The Lottery"tells the traditional annual lottery ritual in anordinary American town,but the winner will be scrailced for harvest.ShideyJackson employs her unique style to convey the inhumanity,cruelty of peopleand victimization of individual,and wins her many fames and criticisms.Thepaper appreciates literary devices such asconflicts,sening,characterization,symbolism and irony in the"The lottery".the lottery译为《摸彩》，说的俗一点就是抽彩票，但其性质不同，结果也不同。
傲慢与偏见人物性格分析(英语)
Pride and Prejudice is my favorite novel. I can learn a lot from this book. I like the marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth. In my opinion, marriage should be based on real love between the lovers.
2、 Darcy has been a spoiled child
Darcy's mother passed away when he was young, the family influence makes him more brave and independent.
3、his nature impresses people with coldness and indifference which are the evidence of pride.
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Thanks
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Analysis of Characters
精品PPT
Mr.Bennet
Mr. Bennet is an English gentleman with an estate
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Mrs.Bennet
Mr. Bennet’s wife ,a noisy and foolish woman .
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Elizabeth Bennet
Elizabeth
精品PPT
She is lovely, clever
intelligent . She is her father's favorite and inherits his intelligence and wit. She can also understand the deep meaning of any talk. She can talk with her partner humorously
牛津上海版高一第6讲 阅读拓展训练
授课日期时间 A / B / C / D / E / F段主题阅读拓展训练（3）——文学类阅读及写作学习目标1. 在主题阅读中学会英美文化相关的单词、短语及句型表达；2. 灵活迁移阅读信息到相关的写作表达中去。
教学内容1、上次课后巩固作业复习；2、互动探索1.看下面两幅图，谈谈你对图片中人物的了解。
2.列举出两位文学伟人的代表作。
3.说一说你读过的印象最深刻的一首诗。
4.说一说诗歌给我们的生活所带来的影响。
威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564年4月23日--- 1616年4月23日），文艺复兴时期英国杰出的思想家、作家、戏剧家，诗人。
1564年出生于一个富商家庭，曾经在“文法学校”读书，后因父亲破产，中途辍学。
21岁时到伦敦剧院工作，很快就登台演戏，并开始创作剧本和诗歌。
他创作的大部分是诗剧，主要作品有《李尔王》、《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《威尼斯商人》等。
他的作品是人文主义文学的杰出代表，在世界文学史上占有极重要的地位。
他的作品直至今日依旧广受欢迎，在全球以不同文化和政治形式演出和诠释。
威廉·布莱克（William Blake）是18世纪末、19世纪初的一个英国诗人，活着的时候没人知道，直到20世纪初才被挖掘出来。
他在国内最出名就是下面四行诗,试着欣赏：To see a world in a grain of sand,一粒沙里阅世界And a heaven in a wild flower,一朵花中觅天堂Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,无穷尽在掌心中And eternity in an hour.永恒不过一刻钟文学类阅读与写作【知识梳理】文学类阅读的词汇Section A: Words1．abstract adj.抽象的 n．摘要，梗概2．anniversary n．周年纪念日 adj.周年的；每年的3．artificial adj.人工的，人造的；仿真的4．compose v．组成，构成；创作（乐曲、诗歌等）5．conductor n．（乐队、合唱队等的）指挥；售票员；列车员6．critic n．批评家，评论家7．criticize v．批评，批判；指责，非难8．define v．给……下定义9．display n．＆v．显示10. extraordinary adj.非同寻常的，特别的11. fiction n．（总称）小说；（一部）小说；虚构的事12. gallery n．走廊；（艺术品）陈列馆（室）；画廊13. glorious adj.光荣的；辉煌的14. imaginary adj.想象的；虚构的15. imagination n．想象；想象力16. interpret v．解释；翻译，口译17. lifelike adj.逼真的；栩栩如生的18. masterpiece n．杰作；代表作19. nonfiction n．非小说类（写实）文学作品20. opera n．歌剧21．pattern n．样式；图案，花样；模范，典范22. photographer n．摄影者23. photography n．摄影术；摄影24. poetry n．（总称）诗；诗篇25．portrait n．肖像，画像26. precious adj.珍贵的，贵重的27．publication n．出版，发行；出版物28. realistic adj.现实的；逼真的29. reputation n．名誉，荣誉30. resemble v.与……相似，像31．review v．评论，评价32. rhythm n．节奏，韵律33．setting n．（小说的）背景；（舞台的）布置34．subject n．（绘画或拍摄）题材35. tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向36. volume n．卷，册；容积37. remark n. 评论38. amateur n.业余爱好者 adj. 业余爱好的39.applause n.鼓掌，喝彩40. applaud v. 鼓掌Section B：Phrases1．art dealer 画商2．appeal to 吸引3，be based on 以……为基础；以……为根据4．be capable of 有能力做……5．be distinguished for 以……而著名6．be similar to 与……相似7．best seller 畅销书8．Chinese painting （中国）国画9．classical literature 文学cause trouble. If he will not follow their rules, they will not take care of him. Lear feels so hurt that he loses his mind and runs through the countryside during a great storm.Cordelia comes to help him, but she and her father are thrown into prison. Cordelia forgives Lear and he feels better when he knows her love. The sisters, however, kill Cordelia. Lear can take no more and dies. The sisters are themselves killed, and a good king takes over, but there is a great feeling of sadness as the story ends. So much love is lost for nothing.1. Why does King Lear divided his land?A. Because he is not well.B. Because he is an unsuccessful king.C. Because he feels too old.D. Because he has no choice.2. Which of these statements about the two elder daughters is true?A.They love Lear more than Cordelia does.B.They only want what is best for Lear.C.They leave their father out homeless in the rain.D. They are successful in the end.3. Which word can best describe Lear?A. wise.B. envious.C. strong.D. stupid.4. What kills Lear?A. His daughters.B. His age.C. The weather.D. His sadness.基础题：（通过阅读关注文章的结构及框架）BA debate（争论） is spreading in Britain, from the far southern England to the northeast Scotland.The aim is to find a motto（格言） that sums up（总结） the nation in five words.However, there is a small problem. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are not, in fact, one nation. Britain is a union, and finding a national motto that combines that union is an almost impossible task.What bright person dreamed up this hunt for a motto? British Prime Minister Gordon Brown started the debate: he suggested it as part of a public discussion to determine "the ideals and principles that combine us together as a nation".Newspapers couldn't wait to get the game started. So they asked website readers to give their own opinions.Some of the best included "No motto please, we're British" and "Mathematically, we could still qualify", a reference to the England football team's recent surprising performances in the European______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文：Some time ago, there was a heated discussion about whether Peking Opera should be introduced into schools in Shanghai. And now some schools have already set up optional courses for Peking Opera, which has aroused a heated debate.As for me, I definitely think that schools should set up such courses, because Peking Opera is our nation's cultural treasure, which should be valued, preserved and passed on through generations.The best way to keep Peking Opera alive and prosperous is to have young people exposed to it. The early experience of Peking Opera can stimulate youngsters' interest and passion for this art, and thus they will be willing to devote themselves to the inheritance and development of Peking Opera. Besides, Peking Opera offers young people another choice of recreation after class instead of playing video games or watching TV. While enjoying the delightful melody, students can relax themselves and learn our national history as well, for every single performance of Peking Opera tells people an interesting historical story.All in all, introducing Peking Opera to students does help us appreciate this valuable art and learn history. Therefore, I'm pretty convinced that schools in Shanghai should set up optional courses for this art.基础题：AI've been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting thought, the thought will die. If youcapture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write iswhat Elbow calls "free writing". In free writing, the objective is to get words down on papernon-stop, usually for 15—20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal isto get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadowsand let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you've persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.1. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind "cannot work inparallel" (Para.1) in thewriting process, he means.A. no one can be both creative and criticalB.they cannot be regarded as equally importantC.they are in constant conflict with each otherD.one cannot use them at the same time2. What prevents people from writing on is.A.putting their ideas in raw formB.attempting to edit as they writeC.ignoring grammatical soundnessD. the value of different types of reading materials66. The emergence of the mass media and of specialized periodicals showed that ___________.A. standards of literacy had declinedB. readers had various interestsC. printing techniques had improvedD. educators’ attitudes had changed67. What can be inferred from the passage? The writer is attempting to _____________.A. explain how present-day reading habits have developed.B. change people’s attitudes to reading.C. show how reading methods have improved.D. encourage the growth of reading.“我的总结”包含2个方面：1. 阅读中的词汇短语及句型2. 写作句型及思路总结基础题：A翻译1．画家及诗人通常都具有丰富的想象力。
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The Lottery
The short story Lottery is the classic work of famous American novelist Shirly Jackson.It narrators the story about the people of a small town held an aniversal activity of lottery , and the person who got the lottery would be hit to death by stones for the sake of havrest of the following year. The narrator centers on the actions and simple language of each town people from an obejective perspective to reflect the blind obedience, less of rationality and cruel coldness of human nature of the whole town people.
The essay will focus on the analysis of the characters to dig up the deep themes of the short story. The difference between The Lottery and other stories is that there is no clear clue to define who are the leading roles and who are the supporting roles. In other words , the whole town people is the a complete protagonist.
In the story, the narrator shows us the whole process the lottery activity just like a professional reporter, she described each plot with calm attitude and we could not see any personal feeling or expectation of the writer from any character of the whole town people.
In the small town , the activity of lottery was presented by a man who was named Mr Summers, who had time and energy to devote to the civic activities. He was a round-faced，jovial man and he ran the coal business，and people were sorry for him，because he had no children and his wife was a scold.
The name Summers has implied us the social status and infulences of Mr Summers, he was the owner of the coal business and had power on the whole town people. Every living summer, he gathered the people together and held the lottery ceremony which cost one human being' life to keep the stupid suspitious saying:lottery in June, corn be heavy soon. The group of people like Mr Summers had controls not only on the whold process of the lottery but also the economic resources even destinies. The lottery was only a kind of ritual which was used to blind their souls, transfer their disatisfy about the real life and take out their anger on the much miserier person-the lottery winner.
The old man Mr Warner was the eldest person in the town who was supposed to the wisdom in common sense, instead he was the representive of the most fatuous and cruel human beings. He has been in the lottery for 77 years qutoed what he said: "Seventy-seventh year I been in the Lottery" as he went through the crowd :Seventy seven times. We can understand from a different view: He has been taking part in killing people to death for more than seventy times. The luckiness of he could escape from each life-risk in the lottery has been transformed into huge zealous passion to keep this convention and defend anyone who even thought about abandoning this ritual in head.
The lottery tradition has been kept year by year, there was a human being was hit to death year by year, until this year when the narrator reported to us , we still could not see a sign that it would be changed.
So the lottery winner Tessie in this year was just like everyone in the past,she was the victim for others to keep their blind ritual. We don't know why the writer chose Tessie to be the victim. There was no any singal which implies Tessie would be the one who got the lottery. She was like everyone who came for this ceremony as a participant and a vindicator as well.。