《语言学概论》第07章在线测试
语言学概论考试样题及其答案
一、复习参考(样题)单项选择题1、语言学是以(语言)为研究对象的。
①语言②口语③书面语④体态语2、(中国)、印度、希腊-罗马是语言学的三大发源地。
①日本②南非③中国④北美3、我国传统的语文学包括音韵、文字、训诂,统称(小学)①大学②小学③中庸④中学4、(历史比较语言学)使语言学进入了科学阶段①乔姆斯基的革命②结构主义语言学③传统语文学④历史比较语言学5、语言是人类最重要的(交际工具)。
①交际工具②生产工具③劳动工具④政治工具6、音节是(最小的语音结构单位)的语音单位。
①. 最大②最小③最自然④能表示意义的最小多项选择题11.下列对于声调的认识正确的是( 23 )①其性质决定于音高②有辨义功能③汉语音节必要组成部分④其音高是绝对固定不变的12.非音质音位包括(123)①重位②调位③时位④音质13.基本词汇的特点是(24 ) 。
①数量最多②使用范围广③理据性强③产生历史长④构词能力强14.语言发展的特点是(24)①突变性②渐变性③随意性④不平衡性是非判断题16、音位和音素之间的关系是完全的一一对应的关系。
F17、汉语缺乏严格意义的词形变化。
F18、文字是在语言基础上产生的,文字依赖于语言。
T填空题25、(文字)是用来记录语言的符号系统。
26、(音位)是最小的能区别意义的语音单位。
27、(词)是最小的能独立运用的语言单位。
28、(句子)是最小的表述单位。
名词解释29.组合关系组合关系是指符号和符号互相组合起来的关系30.音位具体语言中具有区别词的语音形式的作用的最小语音单位。
31.语言的谱系分类根据语言的亲属关系对语言所作的分类,叫做语言的“谱系分类”。
判断分析题(判断正误,并简述理由。
34.语言和言语没有差别。
错语言是音义结合的符号系统,人类最重要的交际工具和思维工具。
说话是人们运用语言工具跟人们交流思想的行为。
,语言和说话不是一回事。
语言不等于说话,也不等于说出来的话。
说话是运用语言跟人们交流思想的行为,本身不等于语言。
语言学概论习题参考附标准答案
《语言学概论》习题答案选择题第一章总论□ 言语是×. 言论与语言×. 音义结合的符号系统√. 说话和所说的话□ 语言是一种×. 形式和内容相统一的视觉符号√. 音义结合的听觉符号系统×. 用来交际的触觉符号系统□ 抽象思维的一般特性是×. 概括性、民族性×. 概念、判断、推理×. 固定、再现、改造√. 概括性、社会性□ 语言是思维的工具指的是×. 一切思维必须由语言完成√. 主要指抽象思维和直观动作思维、形象思维的高级阶段离不开语言×. 指直观动作思维和表象思维离不开语言□ 思维的三种类型是√. 直观动作思维、表象思维、抽象思维×. 概念、判断、推理×. 固定、再现、改造□ 语言符号的任意性是×. 语言符号的创造和使用总是任意的2×. 我们可以任意理解语言的符号√. 语言符号音义之间没有本质的联系□ 语言符号的线条性×. 语言符号的排列没有阶级性,象一根线条排列在一起×. 语言符号一个跟一个依次出现,随时间推移不分层次逐渐延伸√. 语言符号在时间的线条上逐个出现,同时不排除层次性□ "他肯定不会来了!" 这句话强调了说者的×. 说话行为√. 施事行为×. 取效行为×. 言语行为□ 汉语声调从中古到现代的"平分阴阳,入派三声"的规律是√. 个别语言的发展规律×. 一般语言的发展规律×. 汉民族各种方言的发展规律□ 一个民族内部共同使用的语言称为√. 民族共同语×. 民族交际语×. 国际交际语□ 克里奥尔语是语言的√. 混合×. 融合×. 分化×. 整化□ 语言融合的"底层"现象是×. 语言装置的最下面一层,即语音部分√. 被融合的语言的某些遗留下来的因素×. 被压迫的阶层第二章语音□ 声调决定于√. 音高×. 音强×. 音长×. 音质□ [p、t?、b、k]在发音方法上的共同特点是×. 清音×. 不送气√. 塞音×. 擦音□ 舌尖后浊擦音是×. [x] ×. [b]√. [?] ×. [z]□ [tA](大)是√. 开音节×. 闭音节×. 元音首音节√. 辅音首音节□ [](血)中的[?]是×. 起音√. 领音×. 收音□ [kai51](盖)中的[i]是×. 起音×. 领音√. 收音×. 辅音□ 普通话[?in55k?u214](辛苦)快读是[?i? 55k?u214]这种现象是×. 顺同化√. 逆同化×. 顺异化×. 逆异化×. 弱化×. 脱落□ 普通话[f?n214pi214]快读是[f?m35pi214]这种现象是×. 顺同化√. 逆同化×. 顺异化√. 逆异化课后答案网阳光大学生网4×. 弱化×. 脱落□ 普通话[tou51fu214](豆腐)快读是[tou51f]这种现象是×. 同化×. 异化×. 弱化√. 脱落×. 增音第三章语义□ ________是指语言单位的意义在一定的语境的作用下,内部变得具体、丰富或增加一些附加意义。
《语言学概论》第07章在线测试
《语言学概论》第07章在线测试集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-《语言学概论》第07章在线测试剩余时间: 53:47答题须知:1、本卷满分20分。
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第一题、单项选择题(每题1分,5道题共5分) 1、文字是()。
A 、语言基本单位B 、书面语单位C 、书面语的物质材料D 、书面语基本单位2、口语具有下列个特点中的()。
A 、清晰性B 、结构简单C 、结构复杂D 、流畅性3、书面语具有下列特点中的()。
A 、流畅性B 、非流畅性C 、含混性D 、重复性4、下列各项中,属于典型口语的是()。
A 、电视广告B 、讲课C 、公众谈话D 、剧本5、下列各项中,属于典型书面语的是()。
A 、报纸B 、电视新闻C 、剧本D 、科教书第二题、多项选择题(每题2分,5道题共10分) 1、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)2、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)3、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)4、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)5、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)第三题、判断题(每题1分,5道题共5分) 1、汉语中的象形字属于表意文字。
() 正确错误2、世界上绝大多数语言都没有文字。
() 正确错误3、图画记事和结绳记事都不是记录语言。
() 正确错误4、文字的创立和图画记事没有关系。
() 正确错误5、表意文字不是文字发展的最初阶段。
()正确错误。
自学考试《语言学概论》章节试题及答案汇总
自学考试《语言学概论》章节试题及答案汇总导言&第一章一、选择:1. 在印度,传统语文学研究的文化经典主要是( B )。
A. 训诂学B. 宗教典籍C. 《圣经》D. 音韵学2.下列关于语言的功能表述中,不正确的是( C )。
A. 语言的功能是客观存在的B. 语言的社会功能中最基本的是信息传递功能C. 语言的人际互动功能是语言的本质D. 语言思维功能的生理基础是大脑3.( C )是人类社会信息传递第一性的、最基本的手段。
A. 身势B. 旗语C. 语言D. 文字4.思维方式的差异更多的体现在不同语言在表达思想时( A )方面的特点。
A. 语法B. 词汇C. 语音D. 句法5.儿童语言的习得的临界期是在( A )。
A. 十一二岁B. 三四岁C. 八九岁D. 十三四岁二、填空:1.语言的社会功能中最基本的是信息传递功能。
2.语言是人类社会信息传递第一性的最基本的手段。
3. 语言是说话者和听话者交际互动的工具。
4. 独词句的出现和从独词句到双词句,这是孩子学话中的关键的两步。
5.孩子最早的智力活动就是学话。
三、判断:1.语言的社会功能中最基本的是信息传递功能。
( √ )2.旗语是建立在语言基础上的再编码形式。
( × )3.语言是人类社会信息传递第一性的、最基本的手段。
( √ )4.独词句的出现和从独词句到双词句,这是孩子学话中的关键的两步。
( √ )5.思维的普遍性决定语言的普遍性。
( × )导言&第一章答案:选择: 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A填空: 1.信息传递2.最基本3.语言4.独词句5.学话判断: 1. √2. ×语言改为文字3. √4. √5. ×思维改为语言;语言改为思维第二章选择题1、语言系统的组成规则主要表现为( B)A、系统的二层性B、结构的层次性C、结构的二层性D、系统的层次性2、人类语言和其他动物的交际方式的本质区别(A )A、单位的明晰性B、开拓性C、结构的层次性D、发展性3、语言符号和语言符号进入组合之后最大的特点是( A)A、可论证性B、任意性和可论证性C、随意性D、随意性和可论证性4、早在先秦时期,我国的(C )就提出了著名的“约定俗成”的观点。
语言学概论试题及答案
语言学概论试题及答案语言学概论试题及答案语言学概论试题及答案(精选4份)语言学概论试题及答案(一):1.下列关于威尔尼克失语症的表述,不正确的一项是。
A.发音仍然比较准确B.构成不完整的句子C.仍然能听懂别人的话D.词语之间没有联系答案:C解析:威尔尼克取受损的患者能够说出一些词语,发音也很准确,可是词语之间在意义上没有联系,构成不了完整的句子,并且患者也听不懂别人说的话。
考点:语言与科学技术生命科学和人的语言本事人脑语言本事的研究成果2.人的大脑语言功能的临界期此刻一般认为大约是。
A.5-6岁B.7-8岁C.9-10岁D.12-13岁答案:D解析:人的大脑语言功能的临界期此刻一般认为最迟大约是12-13岁。
考点:语言与科学技术生命科学和人的语言本事大脑的语言功能受临界期限制3.老刘有三个孩子的蕴含义可能有。
A.老刘没有孩子B.老刘仅有三个孩子C.老刘有不止三个孩子D.老刘有孩子E.老刘没有三个孩子答案:BCD解析:蕴含义指说出的话中包含着其中某个词语的上位义或整体义,分为两种衍推义和隐含义。
D为衍推义,BC为隐含义。
考点:语用会话准则和会话含义蕴含义和预设义4.下头各对词语中,能表此刻同一语法位置上的有。
A.小孩-苹果B.大-小C.红-红色D.写-在E.好-衣服答案:ABD解析:能表此刻同一个语法位置上词,他们是属于聚合关系,聚合关系得到的是词类。
A是名词,B是形容词,D是动词。
考点:语法组合规则和聚合规则词的聚合:词类5.下头各项中属于词的有。
A.吃败仗B.转基因C.幼儿园D.小女儿E.玩游戏答案:BCD解析:词是最小的、有意义的、能够独立使用的语言单位。
A属于语,长度相当于语法上的词组或句子,但意义和用法相对凝固的语言片段。
E属于短语。
考点:语汇语汇概说什么是语汇6.医生安慰重病人说:没什么大问题,好好回家休养明显违反了。
A.赞誉准则B.慷慨准则C.相关准则D.一致准则E.质量准则答案:CE解析:为了避免患者受到损害,遵守礼貌原则,医生被迫违反了合作原则中相关原则和质量准则。
语言学概论 书本 习题及答案
符号的任意性只是就创制符号时的情景说的,符号一旦进入交际, 也就是某一语音形式与某一意义结合起来,表示某一特定 的现实现象 以后,它对使用的人来说就有强制性。 5、谈谈你对语言符号组合的线条性和层次性的认识。
线条性:是语言符号与符号之间的相互关系表现出来的特点,说话 的时候,语言符号只能一个跟一个依次出现,在时间的线条上延伸, 不能在空间上展开。语言符号的线条性特点使语言符号能够组成各种 结构序列。
语言的组合关系和聚合关系。 8、为什么说组合关系和聚合关系是语言体系中两种最基本的关系?
组合关系和聚合关系是组成语言符号系统的一个纲。语言符号系统 的每一个的单位都既可以和别的同类单位组合,也可以和别的同类单 位聚合。我们把语言比作一个装置,那么这个装置就是靠组合和聚合 运转的。
习题(二) 一、填空题 1、研究语言的结构主要研究 (语音)(语法)(语义)(语用)四 大部分。 2、我国传统的语文学即“小学”指(文字)(音韵)(训诂学 )三 大部分。 3、(中国)(印度)(希腊罗马)具有悠久的历史文化传统,是语言 学的三大发源地。 4、( 历史比较语言学 )是在19世纪逐步发展和完善的,它是语 言学走上独立发展道路的标志。 5、(索绪尔 )被称为现代语言学之父,他的代表性著作是( 普通语 言学教程 ). 6、结构主义语言学在发展中又分出(布拉格学派)(丹麦学派)(美 国结构主义学派)三大主要的学派。 7、美国描写语言学派的代表人物是( 萨丕尔、布隆菲尔德 ), 其著作( 语言论 )是这一学派的奠基性著作。 8、转换生成语言学派的奠基人是美国著名的语言学家( 乔姆斯基 ) 9、研究某种语言或某种方言的某个结构部分在其发展过程中某一阶段 的详细状况的分支学科是( 共時語言學 ) 10、从具体研究对象看,现代汉语属于理论语言学的( 个别语言学 ) 二、名词解释
《语言学概论》练习题库参考答案
《语言学概论》练习测试题库一、单项选择题1、“人有人言,兽有兽语”中的“言”属于:A. 语言。
B. 言语。
C. 言语行为。
D. 言语作品。
2、人运用语言可以说出无限多的句子,这反映了语言的:(C)A. 民族性。
B. 符号性。
C. 生成性。
D. 系统性。
3、被社团作为母语使用和学习的语言是:A. 人工语言。
B. 自然语言。
C. 共同语。
D. 世界语。
4、从语言学分科来看,《语言学概论》课属于:A. 一般语言学。
B. 具体语言学。
C. 共时语言学。
D. 历时语言学。
5、“我爱家乡”中“爱”和“家乡”:A. 是聚合关系。
B. 是组合关系。
C. 既是聚合关系又是组合关系。
D. 既非聚合关系又非组合关系。
6、汉语南方方言比北方方言更接近于古汉语,这反映了语言发展的:A. 渐变性。
B. 相关性。
C. 规律性。
D. 不平衡性。
7、下列说法正确的是:A.义项是最小的语义单位。
B.义素是最小的语义单位。
C.词义的主要内容是语法意义。
D.词义不包括语法意义。
8、有人说语言是古代文化的“活化石”,这说明语言具有:A. 交际功能。
B. 思维功能。
C. 文化录传功能。
D. 认知功能。
9、“衣领”是“衣服”的:A. 上义词。
B. 下义词。
C. 总义词。
D. 分义词。
10、转换生成语言学的代表人物是:A. 乔姆斯基。
B. 菲尔默。
C. 皮亚杰。
D. 韩礼德。
11、下列说法正确的是A.语言是无限的,言语是有限的。
B.语言是个人的,言语是社会的。
C.语言是一般的,言语是个别的。
D.语言是具体的,言语是抽象的。
12、人类最重要的交际工具是A.文字。
B.语言。
C.书面语。
D.手势语。
13、下列说法正确的是A.所有的符号都有任意性。
B.有些符号有任意性。
C.只有语言符号有任意性。
D.语言符号没有任意性。
14、词汇变化比语音语法快,这体现了语言发展的A.渐变性。
B.稳固性。
C.相关性。
D.不平衡性。
15、“小王喜欢小李”中“喜欢”和“小李”A.是组合关系。
《语言学概论》课后练习题(附答案)
语言学概论一、单项选择题1. 由单纯字符组合而成的字符,被叫做()。
A. 声符B. 单纯字符C. 复合字符D. 意符【正确答案】 C2. 语言是个层级体系,底层是语音单位层,凡是跟底层语言单位联系的文字就叫()。
A. 楔形文字B. 象形文字C. 表意文字D. 表音文字【正确答案】 D3. 语言是个层级体系,上层是音义结合的符号层,凡是跟上层语言单位联系的文字就叫()。
A. 楔形文字B. 象形文字C. 表意文字D. 表音文字【正确答案】 C4. “楔形文字” 也叫()。
A. 丁头字B. 大头字C. 丁形字D. 图文字【正确答案】 A5. 刻在雕像座、庙宇和金字塔墓室石头和祭器上的(),是一种象形程度很高的符号。
A. 碑铭体B. 僧侣体C. 平民体D. 模形体【正确答案】 A6. 跟碑铭体并行的有一种僧侶阶层平时使用的已经线条化的近乎草书的字体,称为()。
A. 碑铭体B. 僧侣体C. 平民体D. 圣书字【正确答案】 B7. 公元前7世纪还出现了一种在僧侣体基础上加以简化供老百姓使用的字体,称为()。
A. 碑铭体B. 僧侣体C. 平民体D. 圣书字【正确答案】 C8. 腓尼基文字被称做()。
A. 元音音素文字B. 表意文字C. 辅音音素文字D. 意音文字【正确答案】 C9.希腊人在借用腓尼基文字来书写希腊语时增添了()。
A. 元音字母B. 辅音字母C. 多音节语素D. 单音节语素【正确答案】 A10. 把两个或两个以上象形字或指事字拼合在一起且把它们的意义结合成一个新的意义的造字方法叫做()。
A. 象形B. 形声C. 会意D. 指事【正确答案】 C11. 炼字的基本功是()。
A. 精心挑选关键词语B. 恰当使用修饰词语C. 合理使用修辞手法D. 注意词语的巧妙配合【正确答案】 A12. 一般来说,()的特点是信息量大、逻辑严谨、细致准确。
A. 长句B. 短句C. 陈述句D. 反问句【正确答案】 A13. 我国古典诗文中常用的修辞方式是()。
7语言学概论第七章文字真题习题集锦
语言学概论第七单元文字习题、真题集锦一、单选题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)1.下列关于文字与语言关系说法不正确的一项是( A )P230A.文字的特点和语言的特点没有任何联系B.文字不能等同于需要C.文字是语言的书写的符号系统D.同一语言可以采用不同的书写符号系统2.不能再分解的字符是( C )P233A.笔画 B复合字符 C.单纯字符 D.意符3.下列关于声符表述中正确的一项是( D )P234A.声符是从笔画发展而来的B.声符是从记号发展而来的C.声符是从声旁转化而来的D.声符是从意符转化而来的4.下列文字中属于表音文字的是( C )P235A.苏美尔文字B.汉字C.日语“假名”D.古埃及圣书字5.文字的演变经历了一个漫长和复杂的过程,它的最初形态是( B )P239A.象形字符B.图形的切割字符C.表意字符D.表音字符6.下面各项属于自源文字的是( B ) P241A.英文字母 B.甲骨文 C.腓尼基字母 D.希腊字母7.现在仍在使用的自源文字是( C )P241A.苏美尔文B.玛雅文字C.汉字D.古埃及文字8.下列文字中,不属于自源文字的是( C )P241A.古埃及文字B.古汉字C.古希腊文字D.古代契形文字9.已知的自源文字都是( D )P242A.音节文字B.表音文字C.音素文字D.意音文字10.文字发展三阶段论认为,文字发展最高级阶段为( A )P242A.音位文字B.表意文字C.象形文字D.音节文字11.下列文字不属于会意字的有( C ) P247A.莫B.益C.亦D.武12.最早的表音文字是( D )P240A.拉丁文字 B.腓尼基文字 C.古希腊文字 D.古埃及文字13.世界上最早的表音文字是( B ) P240A.元音文字 B.辅音文字 C.音位文字 D.音节文字14.楔形文字的创造者是( C )A.玛雅人B.腓尼基人C.苏美尔人D.古埃及人15.下列文字中属于自源文字的是( D )p241A.日文假名B.阿拉伯文学C.希腊文D.汉字16.辅音字母的创造者是( C )A.古埃及人B.玛雅人 C腓尼基人 D.阿拉伯人17.汉语“休”是一个( B )p247A.指事字B.会意字C.假借字D.形声字18.下列各字中,属于形声字的是( D )p247A.休B.刀C.二D.颖19.“上”、“下”属于传统“六书”中的( B )P246A.象形B.指事C.会意D.形声20.文字起源于( A )P237A.图画B.结绳C.结珠D.实物22.传统上把汉字的单纯字符称为( D ) P233A.偏旁 B.笔画 C.记号 D.独体字23.各种文字的“字符”根据与语言的音义关系,可以分为( C )P234A.意符、声符、独体符B.声符、记号、独体字C.意符、声符、记号D.意符、记号、独体字24.下列语言属于音节文字的是( D )P235A.俄语B.英语C.德语D.日语25.文字发现三阶段认为,文字的发展从低级到高级经历的阶段分别为( A )P242A.象形文字、音节文字、音位文字B.表意文字、音位文字、音节文字C.象形文字、辅音文字、音节文字D.表意文字、表音文字、意音文字26.下列汉字的发展阶段排序正确的是( D )P248A.甲骨文、小篆、金文、楷书B.甲骨文、隶书、楷书、小篆C.小篆、金文、甲骨文、楷书D.甲骨文、小篆、隶书、楷书二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)1.文字起源于( ABCDE )A.结绳B.契刻C.图画D.结珠E.编贝2.下列汉字字符中,一般情况下属于意符的有( ABC )P234A.鱼B.牛C.人D.其E.多3.根据文字的字符跟语言单位的语义还是语音相联系的标准可以将文字分为( CE )p234A.音节文字B.音位文字C.表意文字D.语素文字E.表音文字4.下面不属于自源文字的是( BE )p241A.古埃及文字B.腓尼基文字C.中国的甲骨文D.古代的楔形文字E.印欧语的字母文字5.下面各项属于单纯字符的有( AB )P233A.丁B.木C.符D.章E.酒三、术语解释题(本大题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分)1.文字:p228一是“书写或记录语言的符号”,也说“字”或“字母”,如汉字、英文字母等;二是“语言的书面形式或书面语”,如中文、英文等;三是“词语或文章”,如“文字通顺、文字晦涩”等。
《语言学概论》网络课程习题及参考答案
《语言学概论》网络课程习题与参考答案第一章导论此章内容属于新课切入和引导部分,不安排习题。
第二章语言的社会功能一、填空1.人和动物的区别是人会制造生产工具进行劳动,而且人类有,这是人和动物相区别的重要标志之一。
2.一种语言中的句子数量是无限的,人类之所以能掌握语言,是因为语言中构成句子的语言材料和的数量是十分有限的。
3.语言是人类社会最重要的,而且也是思维的。
4.人的大脑分左右两个半球,大脑的半球控制语言活动,半球掌管不需要语言的感性直观思维。
5.儿童最早的智力活动就是学习。
6.语言是特殊的社会现象的含义是语言具有,没有。
7.语言和言语的关系可以这样理解:语言是,言语是个别的;语言是抽象的,言语是。
8.人和人之间互相传递信息,互相交流思想感情,最主要的方式是进行交际。
9.人和人之间相互交流思想表达感情的过程是非常复杂的,从信息论的角度可以将其理解为和的过程。
10.文字是建立在基础之上的工具,旗语是建立在基础之上的工具。
二、辨析正误(正确的打钩,错误的打叉)1.文字和语言一样,都是人类最重要的交际工具。
()2.地主阶级和农民阶级之间没有共同语言,这说明语言是有阶级性的。
()3.语言是思维的工具,没有语言,人类就无法进行有效的思维。
()4.从语言和言语的关系来说,我们在现实生活中不可能找到一匹马,只能找到一匹具体的具有某种色彩、某种体态等等特征的马。
()5.绘画和音乐都能表达人的思想感情,都可以算是代表语言的符号。
()6.现代社会,随着沟通方式的日益增多,语言的重要性也在日渐削弱。
()7.语言具有自然属性,是一种客观的纯自然现象。
()8.没有语言,人类照样可以思维,就像聋哑人那样。
()三、分析题:下列句子中加下划线的词哪些是语言学中所说的“语言”,哪些是语言学中所说的“言语”,哪些是其他说法的代替?1.杨朔散文的语言真美!2.你这个人真不会说话。
3.他会说好几国的话。
4.两个人熟了,自然也就有了共同语言。
《语言学概论》考试卷(A)(5篇模版)
《语言学概论》考试卷(A)(5篇模版)第一篇:《语言学概论》考试卷(A)一、单项选择题1、普遍语法的提出者是()A、洪堡特B、索绪尔C、乔姆斯基D、布洛卡2、语言的发展演变是不平衡的,变化最慢的是()A、语音B、词汇C、语法D、修辞3、下列关于“组合规则、聚合规则”的表述不正确的是()A、组合规则关注的是线性搭配问题,聚合规则研究同功能的替换问题B、组合规则是现实的,聚合规则是潜在的C、组合规则和聚合规则是结构主义语法学提出的D、组合规则、聚合规则各自独立4、英语的man—→men采用的语法手段是()A、屈折变化B、变换重音的位置C、变化中缀D、异根5、下面关于语义模糊性的表述不正确的一项是()A、词义反映的对象只有一个大致的范围 B、词义的中心是明确的 C、有不少词的词义是精确的D、模糊性影响了人们的交际,所以要多造一些专有名词6、人类几种古老文字的原始字形,都是()A、象形的B、会意的C、表音的D、假借的7、洋泾浜语和克里奥耳语属于语言的()A、语言的借用和吸收B、语言的转用C、语言的D、双语现象8、关于语言能力,下列表述正确的一项是()A、语言能力指语言表达能力B、语言能力指利用语言进行思考的能力C、语言能力指不同年龄段获得语言的能力D、语言能力指人类的大脑为人类提供了掌握语言的先天基础9、“戏子”、“厨子”等词语在现代汉语中改用“演员”、“炊事员”,这种变化是()。
A、词义的消亡 B.词语的替换 C.词义的演变 D、词语的消亡10、把现代汉语第三人称代词写成“他”、“她”()A、表示性范畴B、表示格范畴C、表示人称范畴D、什么语法范畴都不表示二、多项选择题1、基本词汇的特点是()A、数量最多 B、使用范围广 C、理据性强D、产生历史长E、构词能力强2、一个元音的发音特征取决于()A、起主要作用的部位B、声带是否振动C、唇形的圆展D、舌位的前后E、舌位的高低3、根据字符跟语言单位的语义还是语音相联系的标准可以将文字分为()A、音节文字B、音位文字C、表意文字D、意音文字E、表音文字4、下面提到的研究内容,属于广义的应用语言学范畴的是()A、外语教学的规律B、母语教学规律C、社交称谓语的演变规律D、语言规范化问题E、语言信息处理5、来自原始印欧语的亲属语言有()A、拉丁语B、日耳曼语C、古斯拉夫语D、苗语E、阿尔泰语三、名词解释(本大题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分)每一名词解释都须举例。
语言学概论章节练习及答案
第一章一、单项选择题1.首先提出“能指”和“所指”这对概念的语言学家是A.洪堡特B.索绪尔C.乔姆斯基D.萨丕尔答案:B解析:瑞士语言学家索绪尔把语言符号中能够指称某种意义的声音称为“能指”;把语言符号中由特定声音表示的意义称为“所指”。
2.下列关于语言符号的表述,不正确的一项是A.语言符号包括能指和所指B.语言符号的音和义不可分割C.语言符号音义关系具有任意性D.语言符号不能分解和重新组合答案:D解析:语言符号是离散的,可以分解的,且在时间顺序上是成线性排列的。
语言符号的线性特征使得语言符号有可能组合成大小不等的单位;语言符号的离散性又使得语言符号有可能形成各种各样的排列组合。
由此可见,语言符号是可以分解和重新组合的。
3.“名无固宜,约之以命,约定俗成谓之宜,异于约则谓之不宜”这句话出自A.《论语,述而》B.《庄子·养生主》C.《韩非子·五蠹》D.《荀子·正名》答案:D解析:该句话出自荀子的《正名篇》。
二、多项选择题1.下列关于书面语的表述,正确的有A.是经过提炼的口语的书面形式B.与口语相比缺少了一些内容C.不存在与口语严重脱节现象D.会具有相对独立的发展历史E.不会影响和促进口语的发展答案:ABD解析:书面语不是口语绝对忠实的记录,更不是口语机械的复制品,书面语的写作比口语有更充足的时间来推敲,比口语更加精炼和准确,所以与口语相比,少了一些内容。
书面语一旦形成,就具有相对的独立性;书面语克服了空间和时间上的限制,形成完备的语音、词汇、语法系统,反过来影响口语发展。
存在书面语与口语严重脱节现象,中国的文言文和西方的拉丁文就是“言文脱节”的典型例子。
三、术语解释题1.所指答案:索绪尔给语言符号所指的意义创制了一个专门术语,称为“所指”,即特定声音表示的意义。
四、简答题1.举例说明语言符号的线性特征和离散性特征。
答案:(1)语言符号的线性特征是指:人们说话时,语言符号只能依时间的先后成线性排列,正是在这种线性的排列中,语言符号之间才得以形成各种组合关系,产生各种不同的语法结构。
《语言学概论》练习答案=剖析
《语言学概论》练习练习一(导论部分)填空题:1.语言学的研究对象是人类的语言。
2.以研究目的为标准,可以把语言学分为理论语言学和应用语言学两大类。
3.以研究对象为标准,可以把语言学分为个别语言学和普通语言学两大类。
《语言学概论》属于普通语言学,《现代汉语》属于个别语言学。
4.19世纪20年代以后,随着历史比较语言学的建立,语言学逐渐发展成为一门独立的科学。
5.我国语言学时期主要有三门学问,即文字学、训诂学和音韵学,它们被统称为“小学”。
6.瑞士语言学家索绪尔(费尔迪南•德•索绪尔)是结构主义奠基人,其代表作《普通语言学教程》在语言学史上占有十分重要的地位。
练习二(第一章语言的本质)一、名词解释:1.语言:从语言本身的结构来看,它是由词汇和语法构成的体系。
所谓词汇就是某种语言中词的总汇。
所谓语法就是把语言成分组织起来的各种规则和总和,语言的社会功能是语言作为人类最重要的交际工具和思维工具。
2.言语:言语不同于语言,所谓言语就是指说话和所说的话,言语的范围要比语言来得大。
3.任意性:语言符号的任意性就是语言符号的语音形式与意义内容的结合是任意的。
4.线条性:语言符号的线条性是指在交际过程中,语言符号或语言符号的语音形式,只能一个接着一个,前后相继,依次出现,随着时间的推移而延伸,不可能在同一时间里说出两个或两个以上的符号或声音。
5.组合关系:语言符号的各个要素前后依次相继出现,彼此相互联结的语言成分之间构成的关系就是组合关系。
每一种成分都有其特定的组合关系。
(横向的联系)6.聚合关系:处于同一个层级上的语言单位,由于它们具有共同的特点,就可以成为一种类别,同类的各成分之间具有的关系就是聚合关系。
(纵向的联系)二、填空题。
1.语言符号是音和义的结合体,语言符号的音义结合是任意的,没有本质的必然联系。
2.符号是指代某种事物的标记,它由形式和意义两部分构成。
符号的形式是人的感官可以感知的,符号的内容是形式所表达的意义。
《语言学概论》练习测试题库及参考答案
《英语语言学》练习测试题及参考答案本科I. Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1.One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/shehas never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: B2.The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphereor maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3.From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicatedof the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: A4.When –ing in ‘gangling’is removed to get a verb ‘gangle’, we call this way of creating words________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5.______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6.As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing hisideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7.When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they arecollectively known as ________.A. intonationB. toneC. phonemeD. sentence stressKey: A8._______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9.Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese andKorean are two languages in the ______ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-Polynesian Key: B10. A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11.All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic wordswhich consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.A. hyponymsB. compoundsC. blendsD. allomorphsKey: Bsyntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.A. concordB. governmentC. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called_____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of ‘linguistic potential’ and ‘actual linguistic behavior’ is proposed by _______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotativeC. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing withaddressee relationship—continually categori zed as “______”.A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourseD. idiolectKey: A17. According to words’ structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairs Key: D19. The relation between “dead” and “alive” is labele d as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The words “encore” and “au pair” are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.a. N. Chomskyb. F. de Saussurec. M. A. Hallidayd. J. AustinKey: b22.Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language?a. native English wordsb. borrowed wordsc. echoic wordsd. one-syllable wordsKey: c23.Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]?a. voicelessb. oralc. alveolard. lateralKey: d24.In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.a. dentalb. alveolarc. palatald. labiodentalKey: d25.In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.a. affricatesb. fricativesc. bilabiald. oral stopsKey: d26.Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct?a. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeb. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.c. Allophones distinguish meaning.d. Allophones are language specific.Key: c27.Which of the following words is not a free morpheme?a. ableb. petc. changed. dustyKey: d28.How many morphemes are there in the word discharged?a. 2b. 3c. 4d. 5Key: b29.Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?a. happinessb. televisionc. ecologyd. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct.This property of language is called_____.a. interchangeabilityb. productivityc. cultural transmissiond. arbitrarinessKey: c31.The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet‘A rose by any other name would smellas sweet’ well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules inEnglish.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”.A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalKey: B34.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stayadjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. Case ParameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent Parameter Key: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: Alanguage change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative Key: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as “subvocal speech,” and speech as “_______”.A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words “kowtow” and “tea ” are loanwords from _______.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative Key: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A44. According to words’ structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between “animal” and “lamb” is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.Key: D49. When –or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey:50. The relation between “rose” and “flower” is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This iswhat we mean by __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: C52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between “competence” and “performance” was made by______ .A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as_______ ones.A. dentalB. bilabialC. velarD. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morp hological analysis, the underlined part in the word “inter nation alism” should beregarded as a ___________ .A. rootB. stemC. prefixD. suffixKey: B57. Words such as “telex” and “workfare” are created through ___________.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as “John is a student.” belongs to__________construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. coordinateD. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship between “male” and “female” is _________.A. complementarityB. gradabilityC. relational oppositesD. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.A. sentenceB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. utteranceKey: BII. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)?1. A sentence cannot be a word or a fragment in strict sense, but an utterance can be a word or a fragment ofa sentence. T/FKey: T2.It doesn’t make sense to ask what language a sentence belongs to. T/F3. A stem first of all refers to any morpheme or combination of morphemes, but an affix can be added to it.T/FKey: T4.Every word in a language can find at least one referent in the objective world. T/FKey: F5.In most cases, lexicon means vocabulary and is related to the analysis and creation of words, idioms andcollocations. T/FKey: T6.The use of the term ‘implicature’ is different from ‘implication’ in that it usually indicates a rathernarrowly defined logical relationship between two propositions. T/FKey: F7. A phrase means two or more words in sequence, intended to have meaning, that form a syntactic unit thatis less than a complete sentence. It is actually synonymous with word group. T/FKey: F8.Collocation is a term in lexicology used by some linguists to refer to the habitual co-occurrences ofindividual lexical items, or collocates. This relation of co-occurrence usually cannot be accounted for. T/F Key: T9.In order to understand how conversational principles work, we may consider how each maxim actuallyworks and how people observe these maxims in daily communication. T/FKey: T10.Syntax studies the rules which govern the ways words, word groups and phrases are combined to makegrammatical sentences in a language, i.e. it deals with the relationships between elements in sentence structures. T/FKey: T11.Even in modern society, the primary medium is sound for all languages, and the fact that childrenacquire spoken language first before they can read or write also indicates that language is primarily vocal. Key: T12.The defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system ofcommunication are termed design features.Key: T13.There are other channels, besides language, for communicating our thoughts, so language is only oneaspect of semiotics.Key: T14.Modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, written language as secondary.Key: T15.Descriptive linguisti cs aims to lay down rules for ‘correct’ language use, i.e., to tell people what theyshould say and what should not say.Key: F16.Phonology is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and theirpatterns.Key: F17.The case category is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the syntactic relationship betweenwords in a sentence.Key: Tnguage is genetically transmitted.19.The grammar taught today to language learners is still basically descriptive.Key: F20.All the sounds produced by human are speech sounds.Key: F21.Generally speaking, pragmatics can be understood as a branch of linguistic study that deals with thefactors that govern our choice of language in social interaction and the effects of our choice on others. Key: T22.[f], [v], [s], [z], [︒] and [±] are all fricative in English, but [︒] and [±] are alveolar while [f] and [v] aredental.Key: F23.In most cases, sentence is synonymous with utterance.Key: F24.Syntax exclusively deals with the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure,and it has nothing to do with exploring the syntactic relation beyond sentence boundary.Key: F25.The London School proposed a functional approach towards the concept of phoneme, and N.Trubetzkoy made the greatest contribution to the related study.Key: F26.A phoneme in a language is a distinctive sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or oneshape of a word from another.Key: T27.Every language is part of a culture, and it cannot but serve and reflect cultural needs.Key: T28.Sentence can be extended either by conjoining or embedding, and a construction where constituentshave been linked through the use of conjunction indicates a paratactic relation.Key: F29.Both Chinese and English are tone languages.Key: F30.Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.Key: F31.Derivation changes always result in change of the word class of the original words.Key: T32.Pitch variations may be distinctive like phonemes, and in this function they are called tones. Languagesusing tones, like Chinese, are called tone language.Key: T33.The notion of inflection just indicates the manifestation of grammatical relationships, rather than lexicalones, through the addition of inflectional affixes.Key: T34.The same morpheme always takes different forms in different contexts.Key: T35. According to P. Grice, whether a speaker follows or violates the Maxims of the Cooperative Principle, he produces some implicature, i.e. a kind of extra meaning that is not contained in the utterance.Key: T36.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.T/F37.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension. T/FKey: T38.A compound is the combination of only two words. T/FKey: F39.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category. T/FKey: T40.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. T/FKey: F41.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. T/FKey: T42.The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is non-conventional and not arbitrary. T/FKey: Fnguage reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism. T/FKey: T44.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on. T/FKey: T45.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them. T/F Key: F46. Leonard Bloomfield maintained that linguistics should describe instead of prescribe what people actually say and should take a deductive approach in analyzing data.Key: F47. Chomsky believes that linguistic study and research can help explain what happens in the mind, and linguistics should be regarded as a branch of psychology.Key: F48. Halliday claims that if we are given an adequate specification of the semantic properties of the context in terms of field, tenor and mode, we should be able to predict the syntactic properties of texts.Key: F49. Onomatopoeia indicates a non-arbitrary relationship between form and meaning.Key: F50. Traffic light system has the feature of duality.Key: F51. The distinction of ‘linguistic potential’ and ‘actual linguistic behavior’ is proposed by N. Chomsky. Key: F52. In English there are three nasal sounds. They are [m], [n], and [l].Key: T53. A morpheme is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.54. According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into groups: inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.Key: T55. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.Key: T56. Metathesis refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.Key: F57. The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specificsyntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called concord.Key: T58. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called directivesKey: F59. The term synchronic linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.Key: F60. In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are affricatesKey: FIII.Fill in the blanks:1.It is generally believed that J. Austin and _______ made the greatest contribution to the proposition ofSpeech Act Theory, an important theory in pragmatic study.Key: J. Searle2.According to the positions affixes occupy in words, __________ falls into prefixation and suffixation.Key: affixation3.The signs “&”, “@”, “%” and “$” widely used today are examples of ______ wri ting.Key: word4.Two methods can be used to reconstruct an older form of a language: internal reconstruction and the_______ reconstruction.Key: external5.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has two major thrusts: linguistic determinism and linguistic _______ .Key: relativity6.In the course of communication, a speaker may change from the standard language to the non-standardlanguage, may shift his subject matter, or may move from one point on the formality scale to another point. This linguistic behavior is referred to as ______.Key: code switch7.The different types of a language as different forms to realize a mere generalization of the language arecalled “sub-languages” or _______.Key: (language) varieties8._________ construction refers to a construction in which the distribution of words is functionallyequivalent to that of one or more of its constituents.Key: Endocentric_Key: human communication10.The degree to which a test measures what it is meant to measure is termed _________ in languagetesting, and that is an important index used to evaluate the quality of a test.Key: validity11.By _______ is meant that language can refer to contexts removed from the immediate situation of thespeaker.Key: displacementnguage is a system of two sets of structures, the structure of sound and the structure of ___________. Key: meaning13.The three branches of phonetics are articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics, and _________phonetics.Key: acoustic14.There are two kinds of stress in English. They are word stress and ________ stress.Key: sentence15.In English there are three nasal sounds. They are [m], [n], and ________.Key: [ ];16.Morphology is divided in two branches: __________ morphology and derivational morphology. Key: .inflectional17.According to H. Paul Grice’s Cooperative Principle, that one should avoid obscurity and ambiguityaccords with the ________ Maxim.Key: Manner18.The speech sounds in the production of which there is an obstruction of the airstream at some point ofthe vocal tract are called_______.Key: consonants19.A linguistic study is ______ if it tries to lay down rules for the correct use of language.Key: prescriptive20.The sentence “H e married a blonde heiress.” ______ the sentence “He married a blonde.”Key: entaills21.In the course of time, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branchesof ________ studies, such as sociology and psychology.Key: social22. Clear[1]and dark[1]are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in ________ distribution.Key: complementary23.A ________ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.Key: root24.A ________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other.Key: complex25.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of ________ antonyms.Key: complementary26.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an ________ is concrete and context-dependent.Key: utteranceEnglish verb ask was Old English askian, with the /k/ preceding the/s/. Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as ________.Key: metathesis28.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. Asa characteristic of societies, ________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.Key: bilingualism29.The brain’s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic ________, which is specific to human beings.Key: lateralization30.In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is known as language ________.Key: transfer31. _______ phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds when they are transmitted between mouth and ear.Key: Acoustic32. The function of establishing a set of vowels is to facilitate the_______ of vowels of languages.Key: description33. If two sounds occurring in the same environment do not contrast, that is, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word form, but merely a different pronunciation of the same word, then the two sounds are in ________variation.Key: free34. The principal _________features are stress, length, pitch and intonation, as all of them can be used to distinguish meaning.Key: suprasegmental35.________is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.Key: Back-formation36. Pronouns and prepositions are two kinds of ________ words to which new members are not regularly added.Key: closed-class37. The sentence “I promise to come here earlier tomorrow morning.” can be used as an example to indicate the ________ function of language.Key: performative38. A linguistic study is ________ if it tries to lay down rules for the correct use of language.Key: perspective39. The sounds in the production of which no articulators come very close together and the air-stream passes through the vocal tract without _________are called vowels.Key: obstruction40. The word “gentlemanly” consists of 4 syllables and ________morphemes.Key: 341. Positional ______, or word order, refers to the sequential arrangement of words in a language.Key: relation42. English gender contrast can only be observed in pronouns and a small number of nouns, and they are mainly of the _________gender type.Key: natural43. Componential analysis defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of _______ components.44. ________refers to the process of construction where one clause is included in the sentence (main clause) in syntactic subordination.Key: subordination45. ________ construction refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole.Key: exocentric46. The _______function is the use of language to reveal something about the emotions and attitudes of the speaker.Key: expressive47. As language is a product and capacity of the human brain, many psychologists and linguists have tried to examine the relation between language and the brain, developing a new branch of science called________.Key: psycholinguistics48. The production of any speech sound involves the movement of an airstream. The majority of sounds used in languages of the world are produced by ______ egressive airstream mechanism.Key: oral49. Some speech sounds involves the simultaneous use of two places of articulation. For example, the English [w] has both an approximation of the two lips and that of the back of the tongue and the soft palate, and may be termed______.Key: labial-velar50. ________ is used to mean sameness or close similarity of meaning.Key: synonymy51. The ________family includes most of the European languages and marry languages spoken in North India and in the two Americas and Australia.Key: Indo-European52. _________or analytic languages refer to those which depend on invariable roots or stems and word order to indicate their grammatical relations.Key: Isolating53. When we consider the variation relating to what the user is trying to do with language, whether teaching, persuading, advertising or instructing, we are dealing with addressee relationship, contextually categorized as __________.Key: tenor of discourse54. ________means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages, but the communication systems of certain animals do not have this feature. For instance, some male birds posses calls which female birds do not have.Key: Interchangeability55. ________ refers to the influence exercised by one sound segment upon the articulation of another sound, so that the sounds become less alike.Key: dissimilation56. The __________ is the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.Key: morpheme57. In English, prepositions and verbs determine particular forms of pronouns according to their syntactic relation with them. This requirement is called _______ in linguistics.。
语言学概论试题及答案
语言学概论试题及答案语言学概论试题及答案在平平淡淡的日常中,我们都经常看到试题的身影,借助试题可以更好地考核参考者的知识才能。
你知道什么样的试题才是规范的吗?以下是小编精心整理的语言学概论试题及答案,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
一、名词解释1、历时语言学——就各种语言的历史事实用比较的方法去研究它的“亲属”关系和历史发展的,叫历时语言学。
2、语言——语言是一种社会现象,是人类最重要的交际工具和进行思维的工具。
就语言本身的结构来说,语言是由词汇和语法构成的系统。
3、符号——符号是用来代表事物的一种形式,词这样的符号是声音和意义相结合的统一体。
任何符号都是由声音和意义两方面构成的。
4、语言的二层性——语言是一种分层装置,其底层是一套音位;上层是音义结合的符号和符号的序列,这一层又分为若干级,第一级是语素,第二级是由语素构成的词,第三级是由词构成的句子。
5、社会现象——语言是一种社会现象和人类社会有紧密的联系。
所谓“社会”,就是指生活在一个共同的地域中,说同一种语言,有共同的风俗习惯和文化传统的人类共同体。
语言对于社会全体成员来说是统一的、共同的;另一方面,语言在人们的使用中可以有不同的变异、不同的风格。
二、填空1、结构主义语言学包括布拉格学派、哥本哈根学派、美国描写语言学三个学派。
2、历史比较语言学是在19世纪逐步发展和完善的,它是语言学走上独立发展道路的标志。
3、人的大脑分左右两半球,大脑的左半球控制语言活动,右半球掌管不需要语言的感性直观思维。
4、一个符号,如果没有意义,就失去了存在的必要,如果没有声音,我们就无法感知,符号也就失去了存在的物质基础。
5、用什么样的语音形式代表什么样的意义,完全是由使用这种语言的社会成员约定俗成。
6、语言符号具有任意性和线条性特点。
7、语言的底层是一套音位,上层是符号和符号的序列,可以分为若干级,第一级是语素,第二级是词,第三级是句子。
8、语言系统中的所有符号,既可以同别的符号组合,又可以被别的符号替换,符号之间的这两种关系是组合和聚合。
语言学概论精彩试题及参考问题详解
语言学概论试题与参考答案一、填空题〔每空1分,共15分〕1、〔〕的建立,使语言学摆脱了过去的附庸地位,成为一门独立开展的科学。
2、语言符号的形式是〔〕,语言符号的内容是〔〕3、一个音节可以没有起音和〔〕,但决不可缺少〔〕。
4、方言词是诣〔〕。
5、附加在词根上,一般表示附加性词汇意义的语素叫〔〕。
6、交际的根本单位是〔〕。
7、语法手段可以分力两大类型:〔〕和〔〕。
8、语言开展有两个特点:〔〕和〔〕。
9、根据语言的亲属关系对语言的分类叫做〔〕,也叫做〔〕。
10、文字起源于〔〕。
二、单项选择题〔每题1分,共15分〕1、社会语言学属于〔〕①理论语言学②广义应用语言学③普通语言学④狭义应用语言学2、元音[]的名称是〔〕①舌尖后高圆唇元音②舌尖前高圆唇元音③舌尖后高不圆唇元音④舌尖前高不圆唇元音3、如下汉字的读音中,包含有三合元音的是〔〕①邮②欧③玩④农4、汉语普通话音节结构〔〕①最长由三个音素组成②最长由四个音素组成③最长由五个音素组成④最短由两个音素组成5、如下词中,属于单纯词的是〔〕①玻璃②黑扳③语言④红旗6、如下词中,属于复台词的是〔〕①傻子②席子③天子④椅子7、如下词组中,属于多义的是〔〕①两只学生送的花瓶②两位学生送的花瓶③两只学生送的花篮。
④两个学生送的花篮8、如下词中粗体的成分,属于同音关系的是〔〕①杜鲁门——杜绝②负荆一负担③突然--突然④花朵——浪花9、英语的‘foot〞〔脚,单数〕变为“feet〞〔脚,复数〕运用的语法手段是〔〕①附加②异根③内部屈折④重叠10、汉语普通话中的:“卡通片〞中的“卡〞是一个〔〕①语素②音节③前缀④词11、汉语中的:“了、着、过〞在古代具有实实在在的词汇意义,到现代变成只表语义的助词,这属于〔〕①异化②类化③新语法X畴的形成④实词虚化12、如下语言中属于粘着语的是〔〕①苗语②越南语③俄语④日语13、在一种语言内部划脑言时,最主要的依据是〔〕①语法②语义③语音④词汇14、如下词的词义,属于词义缩小的是〔〕①“皮〞原指兽皮②“涕〞原指眼泪③“瓦〞原指一切烧好的上器④“江〞原捐“长江〞15、人类几种古老文字的原始字形,都是〔〕①象形的②会意的③表音的④形声的三、多项选择题〔在此题的每一小题的备选答案中,正确答案有三个或三个以上。
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《语言学概论》第07章在线测试剩余时间:53:47
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第一题、单项选择题(每题1分,5道题共5分)
1、文字是()。
A、语言基本单位
B、书面语单位
C、书面语的物质材料
D、书面语基本单位
2、口语具有下列个特点中的()。
A、清晰性
B、结构简单
C、结构复杂
D、流畅性
3、书面语具有下列特点中的()。
A、流畅性
B、非流畅性
C、含混性
D、重复性
4、下列各项中,属于典型口语的是()。
A、电视广告
B、讲课
C、公众谈话
D、剧本
5、下列各项中,属于典型书面语的是()。
A、报纸
B、电视新闻
C、剧本
D、科教书
第二题、多项选择题(每题2分,5道题共10分)
1、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)
2、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)
3、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)
4、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)
5、(本题空白。
您可以直接获得本题的2分)
第三题、判断题(每题1分,5道题共5分)
1、汉语中的象形字属于表意文字。
()
正确错误
2、世界上绝大多数语言都没有文字。
()
正确
错误
3、图画记事和结绳记事都不是记录语言。
()
正确
错误
4、文字的创立和图画记事没有关系。
()
正确
错误
5、表意文字不是文字发展的最初阶段。
()
正确
错误。