Swedish artillery-二战瑞典火炮
Schneider artillery-斯奈德火炮性能数据
ost interesting gun (for the history standpoint) was Greek "75mm Schneider-Danglies M.1908" mountain gun. It was the modification of Schneider "MPD" commercial model (from 1906), later incorporated into the following models of "MPD" series, commonly known as "Schneider-DangliesMle 06/09" (Sold to Russia and Romania).75 mm M.1908 Schneider (M.P.D.)- Caliber: 75 mm- Barrel: L/16.7- Traverse: 5°- Elevation: -7º 22’ to 19º 50’- Shell weight: 6.5 kg- Muzzle velocity: 350 m/s- Range: 5000 to 5800m- Weight during combat: 616 kg- Gun is divided into 6 loads for mnt. transport(Note that this gun had the shield, missing in all photos due to Italian practise)The most important of all models of Greek gun was new Schneider 75mm model 1919. (Greek infantry divisions were actually "Mountain" type; its artillery regiments had two Mnt. guns battalions (two batteries each) and one Mnt. howitzer battalion (also two batteries), making the 75mm mountain guns the backbone of Greek Artillery).Interesting feature of this gun (as seen on the pictures) was variable mount height, lower for "Gun-mode" (direct fire) and higher for "Howitzer-mode".Canon de 75M Mle1919 Schneider L/19Caliber: 75x190mmRBarrel length: 1405 mmBarrel weight: 217 kgWeight in action: 675 kgWeight during Transport: 721 kgElevation: -10° to +40°Traverse: 10°Rate of fire: up to 28 rpmMax Range: 9000 mShell weight: 6.5 kgMuzzle velocity: 400 m/sCrew : 1 NCO + 6 menGun is divided into 6 to 7 loads for mnt. transportMy favorite Greek gun model was 85mm Schneider one. Very much publicized and token item during 1920s, only the Hellenic Army purchased the gun, becoming its only user (plus the Japanese “adaptation” in 75mm). It was fielded by one artillery battalion of each Corps Hv Arty Rgm. Note that original French gun was produced in 1925, so the Greek model is commonly known as “M.1925/27”.Schneider M.1927Caliber: 85 mmBarrel length: 2 960 mm (L/34.8)Rifled length: 2 305.5 mmWeight in action: 1 985 kgWeight in action: 2 330 kgElevation: - 6°do + 65°Traverse: 54°Muzzle velocity: (depending on shell type) 550 to 670 m/sMax. Range: 15 150 mShell weight: 8.8/10.0 kgOther interesting item was Schneider 105mm gun, improved model over wartime L13S model (with longer barrel, high elevation, split-trail carriage). Again, it was fielded by one artillery battalion of each Corps Hv Arty Rgm. Original French gun was produced in 1925, so the Greek model is commonly known as “M.1925/27” (simply M.1927 for Greeks).Canon de 105 modèle 1925/27 SchneiderCaliber: 105x390mmRBarrel length: 3240 mm (L/30.8)Barrel weight: 936 kgWeight in action: 3260 kgWeight during Transport: 3820 kgElevation: -3° to +60°Traverse: 80°Max Range: 15,500 mShell weight: 15.66 kgMuzzle velocity: 660 m/sHowitzer counterpart of Mle 1919 gun was 105mm howitzer. Hellenic army bough this model also, for use in third (howitzer) battalion of divisional arty regiments. However, the number given above is little high (for me), simply 15 div x 8 guns = 120 pcs, specially because no number for 100mm Skoda M.14/19s was given.Canon de 105M Mle1919 SchneiderCaliber: 105 mm (L/12)Barrel length: 1260 mmWeight in action: 730 kgWeight during Transport: 750 kgElevation: 0° to +60°Traverse: 5°Rate of fire: 8 rpmMax Range: 8000 mMuzzle Velocity: 300 m/sWeight of Shell: 12 kgCrew: 1 NCO + 6 menGun is divided into 7 to 8 loads for mnt. transportHeaviest of “modern” guns was 155mm Schneider howitzer. Commercially made for export during 1920s, they differs little from C17S wartime model (note the new wheel pattern). Fielded by third (howitzer) artillery battalion of Corps Hv Arty Rgm. Data is for C17S (from David Lehmann).Canon de 155mm C (L/15) Mle1917 SchneiderType: Med. howitzerCrew: 1 NCO + 7 menCaliber: 155mmBarrel length: 2332 mm (1737 mm rifling)Weight in action: 3300 kgElevation: 0° to +42°20'Traverse: 6°Ready to fire in 5 minutesRate of fire: 2 rpm during 10 minutes or 0.7 rpm in sustained fireHE ShellMaximum range: 11,900 mProjectile weight: 43 – 43.5 kgV°: 450 m/s。
二战火炮彩色图鉴
二战火炮彩色图鉴比利时75毫米博福斯野战炮
法军75毫米M1897L-36.3野战炮
捷克47毫米反坦克炮
日军96式150毫米榴弹炮
苏军122毫米的M-30榴弹炮
苏军152毫米炮
:意大利75毫米野战炮
意大利90mm高炮
意大利布雷达M1935 20-L53高炮
:英军40毫米高炮
英军57毫米反坦克炮
英军77毫米L-55反坦克炮
英军140毫米炮
美军37毫米反坦克炮
美军76.2毫米M5型L-50反坦克炮美军105毫米榴弹炮
美军M2的155毫米L-45重型火炮德军30毫米高射炮
德军50毫米高射炮
德军75毫米反坦克炮
德军88毫米反坦克炮
德军150毫米铁道炮
德军170毫米铁道炮
德军203毫米铁道炮
德军210毫米岸防炮
德军210毫米重炮
德军600毫米卡尔自走重迫击炮
德军K12-210毫米铁道炮
德军布鲁诺283毫米铁道炮德军利奥波德280毫米铁道炮德军西奥多240毫米铁道炮德军多拉800毫米铁道炮
德军V-1飞弹
德军V-2飞弹
德军Sd-1400 X Fritz导弹。
咆哮钢铁与火焰，一战协约国的战场“巨兽”！口径最小305毫米
咆哮钢铁与火焰，一战协约国的战场“巨兽”！口径最小305毫米展开全文（英国陆军装备的8英寸榴弹炮）（英国陆军装备的9.2英寸榴弹炮）如果说20世界后半叶是美国的霸权主义横行世界，那么20世纪前半叶则是'日不落帝国'的天下。
借助庞大的海外殖民地，英国获得了大量工业原料，从而生产出了大量民用产品和军工产品。
第一次世界期间，英国向战场投入了大量火炮，尽管有相当一部分火炮可以勉强划入到重型火炮行列，比如8英寸榴弹炮（203毫米）、9.2英寸榴弹炮（233.7毫米）等，但与'同盟国篇'中那些超重型火炮相比，英国的重型火炮显然不够看。
尤其是到1915年，双方战争打得难解难分之际，严峻的战场形势令英国不得不研制口径更大的火炮，从而解决前线的巨大需求与压力。
（英国博物馆内陈列的9.2英寸榴弹炮）在接受军方的任务后，英国埃尔斯维克军械公司决定尽快研制一种超重型火炮。
他们的办法是，在现有9.2英寸榴弹炮的设计基础上，换装一门12英寸（305毫米）的炮管，从而开发出一种全新的超重型火炮。
1916年，埃尔斯维克军械公司成功制造出第一门MK I 型12英寸榴弹炮，然而这款火炮却没能令英国军方满意。
因为军方需要的是一款适合公路运输的型号，而埃尔斯维克军械公司则是按照铁道炮的标准来设计的。
（正在开火的英军12英寸榴弹炮）当埃尔斯维克军械公司的方案被否决后，著名的维克斯公司又接手了火炮的设计工作。
新的MK II 型12英寸榴弹炮同样是以9.2英寸榴弹炮为蓝本，甚至连早期9.2英寸榴弹炮用来装土的大铁箱都得以保留。
相信不少人都有这样的疑问，为什么火炮要配置一个装土的箱子。
这是因为当时的技术条件比较落后，只有给火炮安装配重装置，才能抵消在低角度发射时产生的巨大后坐力。
而且这个铁箱子还不小，足足能装20吨泥土！对此，英国炮兵们可谓是怨声载道。
（MK IV型12英寸榴弹炮，注意前部装土的大铁箱子）随着MK I和MK II 型12英寸榴弹炮投入战场，士兵们很快发现，这些榴弹炮的射程太近了，只有10370米，这使得炮兵阵地会暴露在同盟国火炮的射程内。
二战苏联轻型野战火炮
“万能火炮” F-22式1936年型76.2mm师属加农炮“万能火炮” F-22式1936年型76.2mm师属加农炮1934年，GVMU设计局（负责人V.G.格拉宾）开发了一个新的76.2mm炮的项目，也就是后来的F-22。
这是该设计局第一次完整地开发火炮。
在V.G.格拉宾地印象里，他把这种炮归类到师属火炮。
实际上，这种炮是被当作师属火炮使用，但一开始它更象个通用的“万能火炮”。
它可以当作高射炮，尽管它并不适合被这样用。
因为它没有高射炮需要的视野。
原本这种火炮可能会派更广泛的用途。
但斯大林亲自指示：“哪些蠢货开发的通用火炮？我们不需要通用火炮，我们要的是师属火炮。
”F-22具有出色的弹道特性，但是也有一系列的缺点：它的瞄准机构分成各自独立的，水平和垂直部分。
必须有两名炮手配合才能转动火炮。
这点使射速受到影响，也不利于射击快速移动的目标。
在1935年初，第一批3门样炮造了出来。
其中一门装有减少30%后坐力的炮口制退器，但后来被拆除了。
它影响了火炮的隐蔽性，制退器排出的浓烟很容易暴露火炮的位置。
1935年7月10日至12月16日，开始了测试。
1935年7月，92号工厂接到命令，在4个月内生产一批（共10门）F-22。
这批火炮也接收了试验。
最终通过了测试，在1936年5月11日的OK110/SS号命令里，F-22被定型为“1936年型76.2mm师属加农炮”。
该命令规定产量为1936年底前500门，1937年底前2500门。
F-22有着不少缺点，量产中进行过许多的改进。
试验报告中表明：“F-22全长过长，不易操控。
越障高度太低（只有350mm），机动差。
射击时火炮振动很大，影响了射击精度，这种火炮被称作通用火炮，但是它作为任何一种用途时，效果都不理想。
”主要参数炮重1620公斤射速12-15发/分炮手5人穿甲力参数弹种角度距离（米）100 457 915 1372 1829Pz.gr.39 90 133 120 108 9787Pz.gr.39 60 108 98 88 7971Pz.gr.40 90 190 158 130 10684Pz.gr.40 60 152 118 92 7155射击力参数弹种弹重（公斤）初速（米/妙）射程（米）OF-350 6.2 706 13630O-350A 6.21 706 13630D-350 6.45 706 13630BR-350A (AP) ? 690 7000BR-350B (AP) ? 690 7000BR-350SP (AP) ? 690 7000Pz.gr.39 (AP) 7.54 740 4000Pz.gr.40 (APS) 4.05 990 500HL.gr.38 (HEAT) ? 450 1000Sp.gr.39 (Fragm.) 6.2 550 10000来源：本站整理二战苏联轻型野战火炮“除旧立新”－1927年式团属野战炮1926年4月22日，苏维埃炮兵委员会召开了一个特别会议，商讨装备团属火炮的问题。
身管火炮英语缩写
身管火炮英语缩写
身管火炮是一种常见的火炮类型，它的英语缩写为“Tube Artillery”。
身管火炮的特点在于炮身较长，炮弹沿着炮管内部发射。
这类火炮具有射程远、精度高等优点，因此在战场上具有广泛的应用。
在我国，身管火炮的发展历程可以追溯到古代。
如今，我国已经拥有了一系列先进的的身管火炮型号，如PLZ-05式自行火炮等。
这些火炮在国防建设中发挥着重要作用，展示了我国火炮制造技术的不断进步。
在英语中，身管火炮的缩写“Tube Artillery”可以用来表示这一火炮类型。
此外，在不同领域中，身管火炮的英语缩写也有所不同。
例如，在军事领域，它可以缩写为“SPA”（Self-Propelled Artillery）；在学术研究中，它可以缩写为“TA”（Tubular Artillery）等。
总之，身管火炮作为一种重要的火炮类型，在我国国防建设中发挥着重要作用。
了解其英语缩写和相关领域中的变化，对于普及火炮知识、提高英语水平具有积极的意义。
炮中极品——瑞典“阿莫斯”（AMOS）机动迫击炮
炮中极品——瑞典“阿莫斯”（AMOS）机动迫击炮基于cv90底盘的amos双管先进迫击炮系统迫击炮有“战场轻骑兵”之誉，是现代步兵不可或缺的火力支援武器。
目前各国正在研制的机动迫击炮不下十种，而“阿莫斯”是第一个正式列装部队的机动迫击炮，它代表了120毫米机动迫击炮的最先进水平，也为美国非直瞄迫击炮系统（NLOS-M）等先进设计概念奠定了基础。
应需而生北欧国家长期装备的牵引式120毫米迫击炮射击时炮手完全暴露在外，而且炮弹速度慢、弹道高，极容易被敌方炮兵侦测雷达发现，并招致火力打击。
此外，火炮的展开、撤收费时费力，机动转移困难。
这使北欧国家感觉必须研制一种新型迫击炮，以满足未来的步兵作战需求。
在俄罗斯“诺娜”120毫米系列自行迫榴炮和奥地利SM-4式120毫米四管自行迫击炮的启示下，瑞典赫格隆茨车辆公司于20世纪90年代初提出研制类似的自行迫击炮。
1995年春，瑞典赫格隆茨车辆公司和芬兰帕特里亚公司开始了一项联合研制计划，为丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典研制一种120毫米炮塔式双管自行迫击炮，即“阿莫斯”120毫米双管自行迫击炮。
“阿莫斯”系AMOS的音译名称，英文全称为Advanced Mortar System,意为“先进迫击炮系统”。
1997年6月，两家公司正式签订共同研制“阿莫斯”的合约，前者主要负责炮塔，后者负责120毫米双管迫击炮和装填系统。
1997年中期，两家公司研制出2门样炮供军方试验。
设计先进“阿莫斯”是世界上唯一一种采用双管联装的120毫米自行迫击炮，它由两管120毫米滑膛迫击炮、封闭式炮塔、炮载火控系统和轮式／履带式装甲车底盘组成。
“阿莫斯”采用的是模块化设计方案，可以通过调整来满足用户的特殊需求。
根据底盘的不同，“阿莫斯”可配用长、短两种身管：履带式底盘配用长身管，采用炮尾装填方式，并附有半自动装填装置；轮式底盘配用短身管，采用炮口装填方式，借助一个特殊装置，炮手可在炮塔内人工装填。
从“班德卡农”到“弓箭手”，来自北欧的奥丁之枪——瑞典自行火炮小史
从“班德卡农”到“弓箭手”，来自北欧的奥丁之枪——瑞典自行火炮小史引言说起瑞典，也算是“小国大军工”的典范。
虽然地理上处于欧陆北部边缘，却很难彻底远离争端。
从二战时期被轴心国四面包围，到冷战夹在北约、华约中间，瑞典一直徘徊在冲突的边缘。
所以瑞典人历来重视军备建设，发展了不少独树一帜的装备。
例如“没有头”（AE 阶段1:那我走？）的Strv103和UDES XX20铰接式坦克（如上图）等...在自行火炮发展上，瑞典人同样是脑洞不小。
除了冷战期间那个“弹夹炸逼”班德卡农-1A。
还有就是由博福斯生产、带有铰接底盘的——“弓箭手”自行火炮。
这妖娆的舞姿，谁家的自行火炮能做出来？缘起“班德卡农”说起博福斯搞自行火炮，至少可以追溯到50年代末的“班德卡农”身上。
当时，为满足瑞典军方的需求，博福斯公司打起了Strv 103底盘的主意。
在结合L/50 155MM榴弹炮后，最终搞出一款自行火炮。
1967年，博福斯公司向瑞典陆军交付了“班德卡农”（Bandkanon）自行火炮。
我跟你讲，它是用“弹夹”的班德卡农自行火炮用S坦克改进而来，保留了双动力结构，有一台英国的K60多燃料发动机，和一台美国的“波音”502/10MA燃气轮机，配合液力变矩变速器，驾驶员操作起来倒很轻松，只有2个前进档和2个倒档。
履带结构有6对负重轮，主动轮在前，无拖带轮。
火炮采用一门50倍径155毫米榴弹炮，炮塔布置在车体后部，虽说是全封闭炮塔，但更像是开裂式炮塔。
为了提高射速，火炮供弹方式采用罕见的弹夹供弹，一个弹匣分为上下两排，每排7发炮弹。
班德卡农使用的超大弹夹炮弹只有榴弹一种，单发重87千克，火炮方向射界左右各15°，高低射界-3°~+30°，最大射程25.6千米。
尽管有弹夹，但是首发射击需要人工装填，其次再消耗弹夹内的炮弹，如此一来，火炮能够在45秒的时间里完成15发炮弹的射击，射击完毕后用车载的小型吊臂从弹药供给车上吊装新的弹匣，这个过程只需要大约2分钟。
瑞典陆军的新选择——“雷神之锤”新型自行迫击炮
瑞典陆军的新选择——“雷神之锤”新型自行迫击炮作者：陈友龙来源：《坦克装甲车辆》 2020年第13期陈友龙在北欧神话中，雷神的锤子（Mjolner，音译为“姆乔尔尼尔”）是一种最可怕的武器，其强大威力能够夷平山脉。
如今，瑞典最新研制的一种双管120毫米自行迫击炮就很荣幸地获得了这一称呼。
这种被瑞典称为GRKPBV 90 Mjolner（“雷神之锤”）的自行迫击炮是由BAE系统公司下属的瑞典赫格隆（Hagglunds）分公司开发的。
它在CV90步兵战车的底盘上集成了一个新的Mjolner炮塔和两门120毫米迫击炮。
独特的炮口装填设计，是其区别于“阿莫斯”（AMOS ，英文“先进迫击炮系统”的简称）自行迫击炮的最明显特征。
该炮将为瑞典机械化部队提供更可靠的间接火力支援能力。
发展历程十多年前，BAE系统公司的赫格隆分公司和芬兰帕特里亚（Patria）公司就合资开发了设计迥异的“阿莫斯”（AMOS ，英文“先进迫击炮系统”的简称）自行迫击炮系统，瑞典公司负责研制炮塔，芬兰公司负责开发后膛装弹的120毫米迫击炮。
该炮非常适合于执行快速火力打击任务。
虽然该炮性能先进，但是瑞典军方在订购了两门采用CV90底盘的AMOS自行迫击炮系统后，就没有再下订单。
相比之下，芬兰订购了总共24门这种双管迫击炮系统（采用帕特里亚AMV轮式装甲车底盘）。
“阿莫斯”（AMOS）自行迫击炮系统在2007年投入使用，乘员3人（驾驶员、车长加炮长，或者多加一个装填手）。
与传统迫击炮相比，“阿莫斯”的火力有所增强。
该车配有自动装填系统，两门火炮各有一个装弹机，可从旋转弹舱内取弹药装入炮膛，装填时，炮管可直接维持射击角度，不受任何限制，这也大大缩短了系统的反应时间。
这种火炮系统能够进行多发同时弹着射击。
它最多可以在一处阵地发射14发炮弹，并在炮弹同时击中目标之前迅速离开发射阵地。
由于炮弹都装在可回收利用的短管式封闭容器中，这为直瞄射击提供了便利，使炮管无论处于任何高低角下，都可保证对炮弹进行准确定位。
二战小国重炮——瑞典
二战小国重炮——瑞典博福斯M31 150MM榴弹炮口径：150mm初速：580m/s炮弹重：42kg重量：5.6吨水平射界：45°高低射界：-5°to +45°炮管长：3.6米 24倍口径最大射程：14.6千米此炮性能优良，绝不输于同时代美德同级别的榴弹炮，一研发来就出口泰国和匈牙利，据说评价很不错，匈牙利还购买了生产许可证。
瑞典博福斯M37式152毫米加农炮口径：152.4毫米最大射程：23千米初速:825米/秒弹丸重量：46千克高低射界：45度方向射界：60度身管长： 43倍口径牵引全重：14800千克博福斯M37火炮是一款优秀的远程压制火炮，它非常便于机动。
M37的出现证明了博福斯公司在远程火炮研制方面不逊色于任何列强。
博福斯M40式105毫米榴弹炮此炮性能优良，绝不输于同时代美、德榴弹炮。
曾出口到芬兰等国，获得了良好口碑。
总重量2,260千克（4,982磅）全长 5.94米（19英尺）炮管长度22倍径：2.31米（8英尺）宽度 2.21米（7英尺）全高 1.73米（6英尺）炮弹105x372R口径105毫米（4英寸）后膛闭锁系统水平闭锁后座缓冲系统固定液压，42英寸（107厘米）行程炮架或载具种类纵向分离双炮尾拖架最大射击仰角-5°至+66°最大回旋角度46°枪口初速472米/秒（1,548尺/秒）最大射程11,270米（7英里）M39式150毫米榴弹炮口径：150毫米初速：580米/秒炮弹重：41.5千克重量：约5.2吨水平射界：M39A 45度、M39B 60度高低射界：-5——+65度炮管长： 23倍口径最大射程：14.6千米。
偏爱卡车底盘,瑞典开发出最强卡车炮,外贸大单却被韩德抢走
偏爱卡车底盘，瑞典开发出最强卡车炮，外贸大单却被韩德抢走声明：除《踢馆》外，讲武堂所刊登文章均为授权转载，目的是提供多样化看问题的视角，不代表堂主完全认同文章观点谁是当今世界第一卡车炮，很多人第一反应都会想到瑞典博福斯的“弓箭手”卡车炮。
它是目前世界上射速最快的155毫米自行火炮之一，其最大射速/爆发射速可达3发/13秒。
当然它也是目前卡车炮中少有的异类。
瑞典人对于155火炮的射速有着近乎偏执的追求，并且从来不吝惜重量。
1960年代，当北约各国一起装备美国M109型155毫米自行榴弹炮时，瑞典却装备了其自行研制的bandkanon1A型155毫米自行榴弹炮。
bandkanon1A型自行榴弹炮的射速高达14发/分，当然其战斗全重也达到了前所未有的52吨，要知道M109的战斗全重才只有25吨左右。
bandkanon1A自行火炮的高射速得益于其独特的弹仓和装弹机。
在此之后，类似的弹仓和装弹机构被用在瑞典所有的155毫米炮上。
1970年代中期，瑞典研制并装备了FH-77型牵引榴弹炮并对外出口北约制式的FH-77B，其爆发射速可达3发/12秒（普通155牵引榴弹炮的射速在4发/分左右），其战斗全重11.9吨（普通39倍径155牵引炮的质量在9吨左右）弓箭手卡车炮的早期代号APS2000。
上世纪90年代瑞典决定在FH-77的基础上研制先进155毫米自行火炮。
瑞典先进155毫米自行火炮采用模块化设计，可以将其安装在履带式底盘上，也可以将其安装在轮式底盘之上。
最初瑞典陆军比较倾向于采用由CV90步兵战车改进而来的履带式方案SPS2000，而瑞典海岸炮兵则喜欢采用轮式底盘的APS2000。
最终瑞典军方在权衡之后选择了轮式底盘的APS2000方案。
最初，APS2000方案只是将FH-77B的火炮部分安装在沃尔沃A25B矿用卡车上，3发/12秒的爆发射速对于一般的自行火炮来说数据也不是不错的，但是持续射速并不是很高。
抗战重武器之火炮篇
抗战重武器之火炮篇(1)国民革命军（以下简称国军）野战炮兵部队创立于黄埔建军，开始装备的是苏联援助的火炮，建立之初炮兵的规模很小，火炮的数量也有限。
北伐开始的时候，蒋介石的第一集团军炮兵仅有1个团，装备18门俄制山炮而已。
通过北伐期间大败北洋军阀，这才缴获了一批火炮，但战争结束时候，也仅有2个炮兵团，这里面装备的火炮各式各样有德式，日式，俄式等而且都是些型号不一，口径不同的破烂货。
随着北伐战争的胜利，国民政府逐渐控制全国，各兵工厂生产的火炮开始进入国军的装备中，同时为了抗战做准备国民政府还从国外进口了大批军火，这其中就有很多的大炮，国军的炮兵建设这才有了起色。
炮兵的编制通常分为两种：即队属炮兵和预备炮兵。
队属炮兵就是直接隶属于步兵师或装甲师的火力支援单位，受隶属部队的部队长指挥；而预备炮兵则是直接受统帅部指挥，根据战事的需要被临时配属予指定的部队，进行火力的加强。
国军的炮兵编制也遵循这一原则。
炮兵在国军陆军中兵种色为蓝色，这可以通过炮兵佩戴的军衔的领章的底色来区分。
在如今拍摄的战争片中几乎所有的国军兵种戴的领章底色都是步兵的红色，真无语。
炮兵少尉军衔炮兵的兵种旗接下来我就采用时间的顺序，按预备炮兵和队属炮兵的分类对国军在抗战时使用的主要火炮给大家做一下科普，希望能帮助大家更好的理解70年前的那场关乎中华民族生死命运的决战。
预备炮兵1935年3月1日，陆军整理处在武昌正式成立。
设立炮兵整理处，专负整理炮兵之责。
将全国原有的火炮和近年进口的火炮按炮的种类统一进行了整编，此时炮兵共有炮567门(一个拥有200多万陆军的国家就装备了这么点火炮也真是个笑话），其中已不能使用的110门过于陈旧的，予以废弃。
国军堪用的火炮共有457门，整理时按照炮种统筹编成，并补充器材、马匹。
经过改订编制，划一炮种，裁汰老弱。
编制如下：炮兵第1旅（瑞典博福斯Bofors式75山炮L/20）炮兵第1团装备博福斯山炮二十四门（第1营、第2营）炮兵第5团装备博福斯山炮二十四门（第1营、第2营）炮兵第2旅（瑞典博福斯Bofors式75山炮L/20）炮兵第2团装备博福斯山炮二十四门（第1营、第2营）炮兵第3团装备博福斯山炮二十四门（第1营、第2营）炮兵第6旅（德制克虏伯式野炮Krupp，75野炮，L/29)炮兵第7团克虏伯式野炮（第1营、第2营、第3营）36门炮兵第12团克虏伯式野炮（第1营、第2营、第3营）36门炮兵第8旅（辽十四式L/30 77式野炮）炮兵第15团（第1营、第2营、第3营）36门炮兵第16团（第1营、第2营、第3营）36门独立炮兵第4团（日三八式75野炮）L/30 36门独立炮兵第6团（日三八式75野炮）L/30 36门独立炮兵第8团（辽十四式十五生榴弹炮L/12）16门独立炮兵第17团（辽十四式十五生榴弹炮L/12）16门独立山炮第一、第二、第三营每营12门博福斯山炮独立野炮第四、第五、第六营每营12门克式野炮以上编制合计：山炮132门，野炮252门，榴弹炮32门。
Swedishartillery-二战瑞典火炮
Swedishartillery-⼆战瑞典⽕炮转⾃：/doc/0ca85aea27284b73f342501d.html /viewtopic.php?f=12&t=16419357mm Kanon m/95Caliber: 57 mmBarrel lenght: 25,9 calProjectile Weight: 2,72 kgMuzzle Velocity: 485 m/sMax elevation: 12°Range: 4 500 mTraverse: N/ATrail: SingleGun weight in action: 900 kgRate of Fire: You tell meProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: N/ADesign: FinspongWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: N/AQuantity: 24 in 1939Mobile coast artillery piece, still in use in ww2 to protect coastal mine lines.7,5cm Kanon m/02Caliber: 75 mmBarrel lenght: 27 cal Projectile Weight: 6,8 kg Muzzle Velocity: 489 m/s Max elevation: 16°Range: 5 500 m Traverse: 2°Trail: SingleGun weight in action: 970 kg Rate of Fire: You tell me Prolonged Rate of Fire: N/A Ammunition: 7,5cm m/00 Design: Krupp Wheels: Spoked wood Shield: YesYear of delivery: 1903-04, 1905-07 and 1910Quantity: 314, 200 in 1939 (of which 144 was on good shape), 155 in 1945.This was the standard Krupp 75mm Field Gun model 1900/1904 in Swedish service. They were bought from Krupp (104) and produced on licence (210). This was the first really modern artillery in Sweden and it served throghout ww2, in line duty, the last pieces still serving in one division (batallion) of A4 in 1945. These guns had inadequate range and hitting power for ww2, and can be regarded as hopelessly obselete by the outbreak of ww2, even though the gun was light and small, whichmade it suitable for Swedish terrain.Sources part on the fate of these guns, some claim most were converted to 7,5cm Kanon m/02-33, other still claim that they were stored away in mothball. At least 12 were converted to 7,5cm Kanon m/02-10 and 108 were converted to 7,5cm Kanon m/02-33 and at least 12 still remained as 7,5cm Kanon m/02 in 1945. According to one source, 8 guns were converted to AA guns in 1917 (7,5cm Lvkan m/18), however, I do not know if these guns were scrapped or returned to field gun role later. The rest were probably used for the local defence units and/or built into various defence installations.7,5cm Kanon m/02-10Caliber: 75 mmBarrel lenght: 27 calProjectile Weight: 6,8 kgMuzzle Velocity: 489 m/sMax elevation: 43°Range: 10 000 mTraverse: 2°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 1 225 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 7,5cm m/00Design: Krupp/BoforsWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: 1933Quantity: 12In 1933, the old 7,5cm Kanon m/02 was considered as obselete, especially since it had such a short range. The Army wanted new guns, preferably with higher range and heavier shell, but the funds were not available. Thus, it was decided to improve some of the existing 7,5cm Kanon m/02. The guns were simply put on the carriage of the 10,5cm Haubits m/10, thus enabling a max elevation of 43° (as opposed to the 16° of the 7,5cm Kanon m/02) and a max range of 10 000 meters. The conversion of 12 guns were considered as a step forward, but not perfect, and further work led to the 7,5cm Kanon m/02-33 conversion.7,5cm Kanon m/02-33Caliber: 75 mmBarrel lenght: 27 calProjectile Weight: 6,6 kgMuzzle Velocity: 496 m/sMax elevation: 43°Range: 10 000 mTraverse: 50°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 1 400 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 7,5cm m/00Wheels: Spoked wood or rubber covered steelDesign: Krupp/BoforsShield: YesYear of delivery: 1933, probably later tooQuantity: 108The 7,5cm Kanon m/02-33 was a decent improvement of the old 7,5cm Kanon m/02. On a completely new lavette (some sources seem to indicate that this was the same lavette as the 7,5cm Kanon m/40) the elevation was improved to 43° and the traverse to 50°. The increased elevation allowed for the range to increase to 10 000 meters. Some of the guns (no source I have indicate how many) had rubber rim steel wheels instead of the old spoked wood wheels, to make them suitable for high-speed motor towing. The new lavette made the gun heavy though, almost too heavy for the standard horse set used by the Swedish artillery to move their guns.7,5cm Kanon m/40Caliber: 75 mmBarrel lenght: 37,5 calProjectile Weight: 6,6 kgMuzzle Velocity: 225-525 m/sMax elevation: 45°Range: 10 700 mTraverse: Probably 50°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 1 435 kgRate of Fire: N/A (probably high due to automatic opening and closing of the breech) Prolonged Rate of Fire: N/A Ammunition: 7,5cm m/00Design: BoforsWheels: Spoked wood or rubber covered steelShield: YesYear of delivery: 1940 and 1942Quantity: 64 (28 m/40S, 16 m/40A and 20 m/40)The 7,5cm Kanon m/40 was a sound and modern design by Bofors, intended for the export market. Siam had ordered 80 and Argentina 224 of these guns, the 52 that were finished were seized by Swedish authorities as war broke out in Europe 1939. After negotiations, the Finns bought 8 of Argentina's guns, thus Sweden kept 44 of the guns (designated 7,5cm Kanon m/40S and m/40A, S for Siam and A for Argentina) and ordered a further 20 from Bofors. The gun had a smaller version of thelavette for 10,5cm Kanon m/34 and 15cm Haubits m/39, which meant it could be deployed in sloping terrain.8,4cm Kanon m/81Caliber: 84 mmBarrel lenght: 24,6 calProjectile Weight: 6,72 kgMuzzle Velocity: 470 m/sMax elevation: 21°Range: 5 900 mTraverse: N/ATrail: Single/poleGun weight in action: 1 015 kgRate of Fire: N/A (probably low due to no recoil system)Prolonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 8,4cm m/04Design: KruppWheels: Spoked woodShield: NoYear of delivery: 1881Quantity: 204 (about 150 in 1945)The old 8,4cm Kanon m/81 was still in use in some local defence units and in some fortifications during the early years of ww2. In case of an invasion in 1940, some would probably have been taken out of their mothball and would have seen use. The gun was breech loaded but had no recoil system. Landstormen raised 8 batteries and 64 single gun units (the last one mixed up with 7,5cm guns) of these guns 1940.8,4cm Kanon m/83Caliber: 84 mmBarrel lenght: 27,4 calProjectile Weight: 6,72kgMuzzle Velocity: 470 m/sMax elevation: N/ARange: 6 000 mTraverse: N/ATrail: Single/poleGun weight in action: 1 015 kgRate of Fire: N/A (probably low due to no recoil system)Prolonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: N/ADesign: BoforsWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: N/AQuantity: 10Uses as a flare gun for the emplaced coastal artillery. 10,5cm Haubits m/10Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 14 cal Projectile Weight: 14,6 kg Muzzle Velocity: 293 m/s Max elevation: 43°Range: 5 800 m Traverse: 5,5°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 1 100 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/10 (charge 1-5)Design: BoforsWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: 1911-12 and 1916-19Quantity: 156 (149 in 1945)The 10,5cm Haubits m/10 was a decent artillery piece when introduced. In ww2, it was already outdated, even though it was a light and agile gun, it lacked range and traverse, forcing the crew to re-position the gun often. It was the first gun that Bofors designed single-handedly. 5 divisions (batallions) were still using the 10,5cm Haubits m/10 in 1945, despite the introduction of the 10,5cm Haubits m/39 and 10,5cm Haubits m/40.10,5cm Kanon m/17Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 32,3 calProjectile Weight: 18,2 kgMuzzle Velocity: 590 m/sMax elevation: N/ARange: 11 200 mTraverse: N/ATrail: BoxGun weight in action: 2 755 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/17Design: KruppWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: 1917Quantity: 12 (11 in 1945)The 10,5cm Kanon m/17 was one of the few purchases that Sweden could do during ww1. The guns were used as corps artillery until 1941, when they were retired from line army service. None of my sources mention where they went, but I assume they were transferred to local defence units.10,5cm Berghaubits m/10-24Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: Probably 14 calProjectile Weight: 14,6 kgMuzzle Velocity: 293 m/sMax elevation: 43°Range: 8 000 mTraverse: 5,5°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 1 100 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/10Design: BoforsWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: 1926-27Quantity: 4, 4 in 1939, 0 in 1945The 10,5cm Berghaubits m/10-24 was the only mountain artillery in Sweden. Based on the design of the 10,5cm Haubitsm/10, the 10,5cm Berghaubits m/10-24 could be broked down in several loads and transported on horseback. Extensive testing took place in the 30s, but mountain artillery was deemed as too expensive and not suitable for the Swedish terrain. Mortars were considered a better option, as they were cheaper, lighter and smaller. All of these guns were lended to Finland during the winter war and were not returned until 1944.10,5cm Haubits m/39Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 28 cal Projectile Weight: 15,5 kg Muzzle Velocity: 470 m/s Max elevation: 42°Range: 10 900 m Traverse: 57°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 1 985 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/39Design: Rheinmetall-BorsigWheels: Spoked wood or Rubber covered aluminiumShield: YesYear of delivery: 1940-43Quantity: 142, 138 in 1945The 10,5cm Haubits m/39 was the German 10.5 leFH18 howitzer. Sweden purchased 142 of these guns from 1940 to 1943. As all other ways of importing arms were closed, Sweden bought weapons from Germany. These guns were still in service with some local defence units in the early 80s. As a design, it was considered modern and sound in Sweden, but inferior to the Bofors 10,5cm Haubits m/40.10,5cm Haubits m/40Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 18,4 cal（L22）Projectile Weight: 15,5 kgMuzzle Velocity: 449 m/sMax elevation: 45°Range: 10 600 mTraverse: 60°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 1 970 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/39Design: BoforsWheels: Spoked wood or Rubber covered aluminiumShield: YesYear of delivery: 1940-44Quantity: 242The 10,5cm Haubits m/40 were designed as an export gun by Bofors, and when war broke out, Sweden seized 16 guns intended for Siam (10,cm Haubits m/40S) and 16 guns intended for The Netherlands (10,5cm Haubits m/40H). In 1941, another 210 howitzers were ordered and they were delivered between 1941 and 1943. The 10,5cm Haubits m/40S had spoked wood wheels, while all later guns had solid rubber ringed aliminium wheels suitable for motor towing.10,5cm Kanon m/34Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 39,9 calProjectile Weight: 15,5 kgMuzzle Velocity: 450-785 m/sMax elevation: 42°Range: 17 300 mTraverse: 30°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 4 000 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/34 (charge 1-3)Design: BoforsWheels: Rubber covered steelShield: YesYear of delivery: 1934, 1936-40 and 1944Quantity: 64 (4 m/27-34, 64 m/34, minus 12 sent to Finland, 8 m/34B), 48 in 1939, 64 in 1945The 10,5cm Kanon m/34 was a modern, high-powered long-range cannon. The lavette was the same as on the 15cm Haubits m/38 and the 15cm Haubits m/39. The lavette had an innovative suspension that allowed the gun to be set up and fired in a sloping hillside, a big advantage in rough terrain. The orginal guns were part of the mobile coastal artillery (10,5cm Kanon m/27-34) but were in 1942 turned over to the Army where they, together with the 10,5cm Kanon m/34 and m/34B formed 4 corps artillery divisions (batallions). My sources does not mention if the 12 guns given to Finland during the Winter War was returned or not.12cm Kanon m/85Caliber: 117 mmBarrel lenght: 28,5 cal Projectile Weight: 16,8 kg Muzzle Velocity: 475 m/sMax elevation: 35°Range: 8 600 mTraverse: 2,5°Trail: Single/poleGun weight in action: 2 485 kg Rate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/A Ammunition: 12cm m/85Design: KruppWheels: Spoked WoodShield: NoYear of delivery: Probably 1885Quantity: 53The old 12cm Kanon m/85 were still in use in some fortifications during the early years of ww2. If Sweden had been invaded in 1940, they would probably have been taken out of mothball and been pressed into service. This was an old breech loaded gun without recoil system and hopelessly outdated, even in 1939. Still used as a flare gun for the heavier coastal artillery throughout the war.15cm Positionshaubits m/06Caliber: 149,1 mmBarrel lenght: 12,1 calProjectile Weight: 41 kgMuzzle Velocity: 300 m/sMax elevation: 43°Range: 6 700 mTraverse: 2,5°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 2 150 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 15cm m/06Design: KruppWheels: Spoked SteelShield: NoYear of delivery: Probably 1906Quantity: 56, 54 in 1939, 51 in 1945The 15cm Positionshaubits m/06 was practically the only heavy field artillery available in Sweden as ww2 broke out. It was already obselete in 1939, with its low range and inflexible design, but had to soldier on in Line Army duty until after 1941, when newer howitzers finally where available in numbers to replace it. It served on, however, in local defence units throughout ww2.15cm Haubits m/19Caliber: 149,1 mmBarrel lenght: N/A Projectile Weight: 40,6 kg Muzzle Velocity: 183-422 m/s Max elevation: N/A。
“卡尔古斯塔夫”无后坐力炮详解（多图）
“卡尔古斯塔夫”无后坐力炮详解（多图）苏联/俄罗斯用RPG，那欧美国家用啥呢，那就是“卡尔古斯塔夫”无后坐力炮。
“卡尔古斯塔夫”无后坐力炮有24条膛线概况“卡尔·古斯塔夫” 84毫米无后坐力炮是迄今服役最久的班组武器之一。
与他同时出现的班组武器只能出现在博物馆了，如美国的Ml “巴祖丰”火箭筒、英国的PIAT反坦克榴弹以及纳粹德国的“铁拳”火箭筒。
“卡尔·古斯塔夫”M1与火箭筒相比，无后坐力炮有更高的初速。
“卡尔·古斯塔夫”新老型号的弹道性能都差不多，炮弹初速在210-260m/s，有效射程500m（静止目标）或400m（运动目标），对装甲目标的最大射程700m。
针对集群人员的有效射程可达1000米，照明弹射程1300米，这比起一般反坦克永箭筒300米左右的射程有很大差别。
历史瑞典军方的工程师在1940年代初开始尝试设计反坦克无后坐力炮，到了1940年代中期，瑞典工程师获得了空心装药技术后，在瑞典皇家武器管理局的主持下，于1946年设计出他们的第一具大口径反坦克无后坐力炮的原型，并由卡尔·古斯塔夫兵工厂生产。
并在1948年定型和装备瑞典陆军，并正式命名为“卡尔·古斯塔夫m/48型8.4厘米榴弹步枪”商业名称则叫做“卡尔-古斯塔夫M1”。
“卡尔·古斯塔夫”M21958年，FFV军械工厂收购了卡尔·古斯塔夫兵工厂，并开始对卡尔-古斯塔夫M1无后坐力炮进行了改进。
针对重量问题，首先是缩短了炮管的长度，让它更加轻巧。
1964年FFV军械公司把改进后的产品命名为“卡尔·古斯塔夫M2”，首先装备了瑞典军队，并且出口到世界各地。
被美国、德国、加拿大、日本、澳大利亚、奥地利、比利时等多个国家所采用，并在比利时、印度、日本等国家建立了生产线。
日本装备的卡尔-古斯塔夫M2是由丰和公司生产。
“卡尔·古斯塔夫”M2结构图早期的“卡尔·古斯塔夫” M2重14千克，同时期苏联的B-10无坐力炮重达几十千克，即使是美国的M-67也重达17千克。
古斯塔夫巨炮各项数据作文
古斯塔夫巨炮各项数据作文The Gustav Gun, also known as the Schwerer Gustav, was a massive railway gun used by Nazi Germany during World War II. It was one of the largest artillery pieces ever built, with a caliber of inches (800 mm) and a length of 155 feet (47 meters). This enormous weapon was designed to be used against heavily fortified targets, such as the French Maginot Line and the Soviet fortresses on the Eastern Front.古斯塔夫巨炮，也被称为沉重的古斯塔夫，是纳粹德国在二战期间使用的一种巨大的铁路炮。
它是有史以来建造的最大的火炮之一，口径为英寸（800毫米），长度为155英尺（47米）。
这种巨大的武器被设计用来攻击重度设防目标，例如法国马奇诺线和东线的苏联要塞。
The Gustav Gun was originally conceived as a siege artillery piece to be used against the Maginot Line, an extensive system of fortifications built by France along its border with Germany. However, the gun was ultimately used on the Eastern Front during the Siege of Sevastopol in 1942. Its massive size and firepower made it a fearsome weapon of destruction, capable of firing shells weighing up to 7 tons over 29 miles (47 kilometers).古斯塔夫炮最初被构想为一种用于攻击马奇诺线的攻城炮，马奇诺线是法国沿德国边境建造的一套庞大的防御工事系统。
二战时期的6寸加农炮
二战前各国研制了不少6英寸级远程压制火炮。
一战时候出现的加农炮我就不发了，现在发一下1920-30年代出现的加农炮。
偶把他们贴出来供大家穿越使用。
（不要被日粉的96式150重加吓倒，其实他们很一般。
）毫米加农炮瑞典博福斯M37式152毫米加农炮口径：152.4毫米毫米最大射程：23千米千米初速:825米/秒弹丸重量：46千克千克高低射界：45度方向射界：60度身管长：身管长： 43倍口径倍口径牵引全重：14800千克千克博福斯M37火炮是一款优秀的远程压制火炮，它非常便于机动。
M37的出现证明了博福斯公司在远程火炮研制方面不逊色于任何列强。
公司在远程火炮研制方面不逊色于任何列强。
法国施耐德M1932式155毫米加农炮毫米加农炮口径：155毫米毫米最大射程：27.5千米千米弹丸重量：50千克千克身管长：55倍口径倍口径牵引全重：16600千克千克M1932是法国施耐德公司20世纪30年代研制的远程压制火炮，被部署在各港口充当海岸炮。
它分三部分运输：炮管，炮架和底盘。
它的威力和射程令轴心国士兵恐惧，可惜法国战败太快没有给他证明自己的机会。
败太快没有给他证明自己的机会。
苏联M1935 Br-2 152毫米加农炮毫米加农炮口径：152.4毫米毫米最大射程：27千米千米初速:880米/秒弹丸重量：49千克千克高低射界：0－＋60度方向射界方向射界8度 身管长：7米 46倍口径倍口径牵引全重：19500千克千克战斗全重：18200千克千克苏联1930年代开发的重型加农炮，采用了203毫米（B4）榴弹炮的炮架。
他的改进型Br-2M,一直服役到1970年代。
此炮缺点就是太重了，非常不便于运输和战斗。
以至于苏德战争爆发之前苏联就停产此炮了。
德国同重量级别的火炮是17cm k18（运输全重：23375千克，战斗全重：17520千克）。
射程达29.6千米，弹丸重68千克，方向射界16度。
度。
厘米加农炮德国的k18和k39 15厘米加农炮德国在二战前后研发了两款加农炮。
瑞典人的“小玩具”——博福斯37毫米反坦克炮
瑞典人的“小玩具”——博福斯37毫米反坦克炮1930年，瑞典军方对波佛斯公司提出了国产37毫米反坦克炮的开发项目。
博福斯的效率自然是出奇的高，于次年便完成设计。
原型炮于1932年3月完成，但是为了提高射击精度而被迫提高全炮重量至800千克（几乎是pak35/36的两倍），除了炮栓锁闭结构沿用德国技术外，余下的设备都是博福斯自主设计，瑞典军方于1934年开始采购，前前后后造一千多门（因为没有找到瑞典的官方命名，以下将以她的外销名称Bofors 37 mm来称呼她。
）瑞典的SM/31坦克装备的就是Bofors 37 mm此款火炮在设计初期就提出了可随时拆卸运输的要求，在有必要时整座火炮可以分解为11个部件让整座火炮可以用驮马甚至人力运输，其中最重的部件为43公斤的炮身，其他部件大多在30公斤上下，整门火炮拆卸或组装运用可在四分钟内完成，如果在拖曳状态可以在30秒内完成发射准备。
从同口径的火炮性能来看，设计之初就wz.36绝对是一款非常优秀的火炮，在新式炮口制退器的应用下，wz.36可以在体重在与pak35/36或M3或M1930等同口径反坦克炮的重量差不多的情况下拥有更加优秀的侵蚀深度与射击精度。
同时，Bofors 37 mm可能是世界上最畅销的37毫米反坦克炮了，身为瑞典军工的绝对骄傲，博福斯自然凭借自己扬名海外的名誉来促进Bofors 37 mm的外销，有超过十二个国家或政权采购买过Bofors 37 mm。
波军第七枪骑兵团的Bofors 37 mm（瞧着性感的炮盾）依然是波军第七枪骑兵团以下为几个比较大的订单：芬兰1936年获得授权并交由Tampella公司生产，自产版本称为37mm Pansarvärnskanon m/36，由于生产进度过慢因此向瑞典原厂购买114门以及3万2千枚炮弹应急，所有火炮在冬季战争前以及战争期间陆续运交，在冬季战争后向德国购买42门波兰制同款火炮，同时在1939-1941年间自行生产了355门。
二战兵器全集，心比天高命比纸薄，瑞典“博福斯”1934型75毫米步兵炮
二战兵器全集，心比天高命比纸薄，瑞典“博福斯”1934型75毫米步兵炮1920年博福斯公司推出了1934型75毫米山地炮并投放国际市场。
当时国际军火市场充斥着第一次世界大战时期剩余的大量火炮，而对专用武器的需求量并不大，博福斯75毫米火炮正属此列。
博福斯卡斯克罗纳工厂生产的武器装备一向以高品质著称，该型75毫米山炮也是如此，它设计构思周密，制造上选材严格，加工工艺精良，整体性能十分出色。
有一个欧洲国家需要的正是这一类型的武器装备，这个国家就是荷兰。
荷兰这样一个地形主要是平原的国家为何会装备山地炮呢？因为该型火炮并不用于荷兰国内而是用于其荷属东印度殖民地。
当时荷兰在今天的印度尼西亚部署着一支规模可观的军队，而那里的地形是绵延的山脉，覆盖着大片热带雨林，博福斯这一型山地炮在那里真是大有用武之地。
该炮可分解成八大部分，可由骡马驮运。
或者正常状态下由四匹马组成的马队拖拉，其余附件和弹药由六匹骡子驮载，炮手们徒步。
第二次世界大战的战火蔓延到太平洋地区后，该炮曾经短暂地与日军作战，之后落入日本人之手。
日本人则一直使用到打光所有炮弹，到1945年战争结束时该炮基本已损失殆尽。
战前土耳其也曾购入过该型火炮，但其实该型火炮在欧洲的另一大客户还是一个没人想到要装备山地炮的国家-比利时。
它装备的是一型专门开发的型号：Canon de 75 modèle 1934型山地炮。
该炮装备沿阿登森林边境地带部署的比利时军队，不过由于这一地区公路铁路网四通八达，所以没必要考虑驮载问题，因此该型火炮是“整体”式的，唯一的改进是为方便牵引大架改为矩形截面结构，牵引时可向上方折叠。
与荷兰使用的火炮不同，比利时使用的型号可由轻型履带拖拉机牵引，炮架轮改为橡胶外胎的金属轮。
比利时装备的该型火炮没有表现的机会。
1940年5月德军侵占比利时，这些火炮都为德军所获，不过因数量不多所以德军也无法大规模使用，不久均报废。
参数型号：34型口径：75毫米尺度：总长1.8米，炮管长1.583米重量：作战状态928公斤仰角：-10度到50度射界：8度炮口初速：455米每秒最大射程：9300米弹重：6.59公斤。
低调的北欧军事强国，瑞典海陆空三军经典装备盘点
低调的北欧军事强国，瑞典海陆空三军经典装备盘点如果告诉一个不太关注军事的朋友，跟他说瑞典是一个军事科技实力非常强劲的国家，他也许会很惊讶。
毕竟从账面实力上来看，瑞典位于北欧苦寒之地，人口将将过千万，虽然一直被誉为高福利高收入之国，但2021年GDP不过6224亿美元，比另一个较容易混淆的瑞士还差了近2000亿美元。
但是在军事装备方面，瑞典确是实实在在的强者，不光性能先进而且非常具有特色，包括火炮、反舰导弹、鱼雷、雷达等等。
今天就从水下/水面/陆上/空中四个方向分别介绍一款经典的瑞典自制大型装备。
真铁面游侠-V系重坦KRV哥特兰级AIP常规潜艇不知道算不算冷知识，瑞典到目前为止还未加入北约。
虽然名义上是中立国，但面对前苏联红色海军的压力，还是需要打铁自身硬，而最好的反制手段就是潜艇。
二战后的瑞典海军发展装备了多种型号的常规潜艇，例如A12海蛇级潜艇、A14水怪级潜艇、A17西约特兰级潜艇，以及AIP常规潜艇的先驱-哥特兰级潜艇。
偷偷潜到航母身边是我的绝活哥特兰级潜艇最为人称道的是其采用的V4-275R型斯特林发动机，斯特林发动机AIP系统主要是由斯特林发动机、发电机、液氧系统、供油系统、冷却系统、工质系统和控制系统等组成。
使用液态氧和柴油在加压燃烧室进行燃烧，产生的热能持续供给加热循环系统，推动气缸中的活塞运动，使热能转换成机械能，再由发电机组转换成直流电。
具有运行噪声低、噪声小的优点但是缺点也很明显，就是功率密度较低。
斯特林AIP系统另一个优点就是对潜艇原设计改动小，甚至可以在原潜艇基础上加装，瑞典海军就将原两艘西约特兰级潜艇加装了AIP系统并更名为南曼兰级潜艇。
V4-275型热气机哥特兰级潜艇在上世纪90年代建造服役，共计服役三艘。
艇名建造单位开工日期下水日期服役日期退役日期哥特兰考库姆造船公司1992.11.20 1995.2.2 1996.4.1 在役乌普兰1994.1.14 1996.9.27 1997.10.1 在役哈兰1994.10.21 1996.2.19 1997.7.1 在役艇长60.4米艇宽 6.2米吃水 5.6米水上排水量1240吨水下排水量1600吨浮航航速10节潜航航速20节潜航深度300米自持力15天艇员编制25人维斯比级轻型隐身护卫舰说起瑞典海军的水面装备，由于瑞典背靠波罗的海。
引领全球未来火炮新概念博福斯“弓箭手”炮兵系统
引领全球未来火炮新概念博福斯“弓箭手”炮兵系统瑞典相对于我国人口来说是一个人口较少的国家，但其有着自己的发展方向，瑞典这个国家非常重视对火炮的机动化和自动化进行研究。
瑞典早在20世纪60年代，凭借自身的能力研发出了155毫米牵引榴弹炮，随着时代的发展，瑞典认为自己国家所研发的火炮跟不上时代的步伐，在20世纪90年代，对自己之前研究的火炮进行了一系列的改进。
以下将探讨引领全球未来火炮新概念博福斯弓箭手炮兵系统。
标签：全球未来火炮;博福斯弓箭手;新概念炮兵系统对于一个国家而言，自身在武器研究方面上需要进行不断地研究与更新，才能够紧随时代的发展。
瑞典在20世纪60年代就已经开始对其进行研究，直到20世纪90年代开始与博福斯公司进行了深度合作，二者在合作的情况下，在2005年以及在2009年取得了很好的成果，在05年初对基本模型进行了试验，基本模型通过了试验，在09年就已经研发出了弓箭手并且投入运营。
一、弓箭手炮兵系统1.1 高度的自动化随着科技的不断发展，军事上的相关装备已经实现了自动化，而弓箭手就实现了自动化，并且达到了很高的自动化程度。
弓箭手这一系统主要由以下几大重要的部位构成，一方面在驾驶员的位置上设置了GPS自动导航系统，在弓箭手的后排设置了三个座位，每个座位都设置了相关的计算机终端。
这样的设计方式是弓箭手系统实现了一定的自动化和计算机化。
当弓箭手炮兵系统进入阵地时，一方面他可以依靠操作员位置上的GPS自动导航系统进行自动的定位，可以高效的瞄准位置，同时可以快速的反映出相关数据。
炮弹在准备和发射的过程中，完全不需要依靠人力，主要是通过系统的自动化进行操作。
自动化操作的过程，消耗的时间也较短，他可以再教导的时间内发射出多枚炮弹，同时，它的承载能力也是很大的。
弓箭手这样的设计完全解决了大量消耗人力的这一问题。
1.2 具有强大的底盘相对于其他国家所设计的车载炮来说，弓箭手所使用的底盘与其他国家不同，它采用了铰接式卡车底盘的异类，瑞典这个国家是一个很小的国家，国家所处的地理位置错综复杂，那里的森林较多，道路通常较崎岖，所以瑞典赛射击车载报时对车辆所设计的是越野形式的。
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转自：/viewtopic.php?f=12&t=16419357mm Kanon m/95Caliber: 57 mmBarrel lenght: 25,9 calProjectile Weight: 2,72 kgMuzzle Velocity: 485 m/sMax elevation: 12°Range: 4 500 mTraverse: N/ATrail: SingleGun weight in action: 900 kgRate of Fire: You tell meProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: N/ADesign: FinspongWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: N/AQuantity: 24 in 1939Mobile coast artillery piece, still in use in ww2 to protect coastal mine lines.7,5cm Kanon m/02Caliber: 75 mmBarrel lenght: 27 cal Projectile Weight: 6,8 kg Muzzle Velocity: 489 m/s Max elevation: 16°Range: 5 500 m Traverse: 2°Trail: SingleGun weight in action: 970 kg Rate of Fire: You tell me Prolonged Rate of Fire: N/A Ammunition: 7,5cm m/00 Design: KruppWheels: Spoked wood Shield: YesYear of delivery: 1903-04, 1905-07 and 1910Quantity: 314, 200 in 1939 (of which 144 was on good shape), 155 in 1945.This was the standard Krupp 75mm Field Gun model 1900/1904 in Swedish service. They were bought from Krupp (104) and produced on licence (210). This was the first really modern artillery in Sweden and it served throghout ww2, in line duty, the last pieces still serving in one division (batallion) of A4 in 1945. These guns had inadequate range and hitting power for ww2, and can be regarded as hopelessly obselete by the outbreak of ww2, even though the gun was light and small, which made it suitable for Swedish terrain.Sources part on the fate of these guns, some claim most were converted to 7,5cm Kanon m/02-33, other still claim that they were stored away in mothball. At least 12 were converted to 7,5cm Kanon m/02-10 and 108 were converted to 7,5cm Kanon m/02-33 and at least 12 still remained as 7,5cm Kanon m/02 in 1945. According to one source, 8 guns were converted to AA guns in 1917 (7,5cm Lvkan m/18), however, I do not know if these guns were scrapped or returned to field gun role later. The rest were probably used for the local defence units and/or built into various defence installations.7,5cm Kanon m/02-10Caliber: 75 mmBarrel lenght: 27 calProjectile Weight: 6,8 kgMuzzle Velocity: 489 m/sMax elevation: 43°Range: 10 000 mTraverse: 2°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 1 225 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 7,5cm m/00Design: Krupp/BoforsWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: 1933Quantity: 12In 1933, the old 7,5cm Kanon m/02 was considered as obselete, especially since it had such a short range. The Army wanted new guns, preferably with higher range and heavier shell, but the funds were not available. Thus, it was decided to improve some of the existing 7,5cm Kanon m/02. The guns were simply put on the carriage of the 10,5cm Haubits m/10, thus enabling a max elevation of 43° (as opposed to the 16° of the 7,5cm Kanon m/02) and a max range of 10 000 meters. The conversion of 12 guns were considered as a step forward, but not perfect, and further work led to the 7,5cm Kanon m/02-33 conversion.7,5cm Kanon m/02-33Caliber: 75 mmBarrel lenght: 27 calProjectile Weight: 6,6 kgMuzzle Velocity: 496 m/sMax elevation: 43°Range: 10 000 mTraverse: 50°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 1 400 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 7,5cm m/00Wheels: Spoked wood or rubber covered steelDesign: Krupp/BoforsShield: YesYear of delivery: 1933, probably later tooQuantity: 108The 7,5cm Kanon m/02-33 was a decent improvement of the old 7,5cm Kanon m/02. On a completely new lavette (some sources seem to indicate that this was the same lavette as the 7,5cm Kanon m/40) the elevation was improved to 43° and the traverse to 50°. The increased elevation allowed for the range to increase to 10 000 meters. Some of the guns (no source I have indicate how many) had rubber rim steel wheels instead of the old spoked wood wheels, to make them suitable for high-speed motor towing. The new lavette made the gun heavy though, almost too heavy for the standard horse set used by the Swedish artillery to move their guns.7,5cm Kanon m/40Caliber: 75 mmBarrel lenght: 37,5 calProjectile Weight: 6,6 kgMuzzle Velocity: 225-525 m/sMax elevation: 45°Range: 10 700 mTraverse: Probably 50°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 1 435 kgRate of Fire: N/A (probably high due to automatic opening and closing of the breech) Prolonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 7,5cm m/00Design: BoforsWheels: Spoked wood or rubber covered steelShield: YesYear of delivery: 1940 and 1942Quantity: 64 (28 m/40S, 16 m/40A and 20 m/40)The 7,5cm Kanon m/40 was a sound and modern design by Bofors, intended for the export market. Siam had ordered 80 and Argentina 224 of these guns, the 52 that were finished were seized by Swedish authorities as war broke out in Europe 1939. After negotiations, the Finns bought 8 of Argentina's guns, thus Sweden kept 44 of the guns (designated 7,5cm Kanon m/40S and m/40A, S for Siam and A for Argentina) and ordered a further 20 from Bofors. The gun had a smaller version of the lavette for 10,5cm Kanon m/34 and 15cm Haubits m/39, which meant it could be deployed in sloping terrain.8,4cm Kanon m/81Caliber: 84 mmBarrel lenght: 24,6 calProjectile Weight: 6,72 kgMuzzle Velocity: 470 m/sMax elevation: 21°Range: 5 900 mTraverse: N/ATrail: Single/poleGun weight in action: 1 015 kgRate of Fire: N/A (probably low due to no recoil system)Prolonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 8,4cm m/04Design: KruppWheels: Spoked woodShield: NoYear of delivery: 1881Quantity: 204 (about 150 in 1945)The old 8,4cm Kanon m/81 was still in use in some local defence units and in some fortifications during the early years of ww2. In case of an invasion in 1940, some would probably have been taken out of their mothball and would have seen use. The gun was breech loaded but had no recoil system. Landstormen raised 8 batteries and 64 single gun units (the last one mixed up with 7,5cm guns) of these guns 1940.8,4cm Kanon m/83Caliber: 84 mmBarrel lenght: 27,4 calProjectile Weight: 6,72kgMuzzle Velocity: 470 m/sMax elevation: N/ARange: 6 000 mTraverse: N/ATrail: Single/poleGun weight in action: 1 015 kgRate of Fire: N/A (probably low due to no recoil system)Prolonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: N/ADesign: BoforsWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: N/AQuantity: 10Uses as a flare gun for the emplaced coastal artillery. 10,5cm Haubits m/10Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 14 cal Projectile Weight: 14,6 kg Muzzle Velocity: 293 m/s Max elevation: 43°Range: 5 800 m Traverse: 5,5°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 1 100 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/10 (charge 1-5)Design: BoforsWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: 1911-12 and 1916-19Quantity: 156 (149 in 1945)The 10,5cm Haubits m/10 was a decent artillery piece when introduced. In ww2, it was already outdated, even though it was a light and agile gun, it lacked range and traverse, forcing the crew to re-position the gun often. It was the first gun that Bofors designed single-handedly. 5 divisions (batallions) were still using the 10,5cm Haubits m/10 in 1945, despite the introduction of the 10,5cm Haubits m/39 and 10,5cm Haubits m/40.10,5cm Kanon m/17Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 32,3 calProjectile Weight: 18,2 kgMuzzle Velocity: 590 m/sMax elevation: N/ARange: 11 200 mTraverse: N/ATrail: BoxGun weight in action: 2 755 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/17Design: KruppWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: 1917Quantity: 12 (11 in 1945)The 10,5cm Kanon m/17 was one of the few purchases that Sweden could do during ww1. The guns were used as corps artillery until 1941, when they were retired from line army service. None of my sources mention where they went, but I assume they were transferred to local defence units.10,5cm Berghaubits m/10-24Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: Probably 14 calProjectile Weight: 14,6 kgMuzzle Velocity: 293 m/sMax elevation: 43°Range: 8 000 mTraverse: 5,5°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 1 100 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/10Design: BoforsWheels: Spoked woodShield: YesYear of delivery: 1926-27Quantity: 4, 4 in 1939, 0 in 1945The 10,5cm Berghaubits m/10-24 was the only mountain artillery in Sweden. Based on the design of the 10,5cm Haubits m/10, the 10,5cm Berghaubits m/10-24 could be broked down in several loads and transported on horseback. Extensive testing took place in the 30s, but mountain artillery was deemed as too expensive and not suitable for the Swedish terrain. Mortars were considered a better option, as they were cheaper, lighter and smaller. All of these guns were lended to Finland during the winter war and were not returned until 1944.10,5cm Haubits m/39Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 28 cal Projectile Weight: 15,5 kg Muzzle Velocity: 470 m/s Max elevation: 42°Range: 10 900 mTraverse: 57°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 1 985 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/39Design: Rheinmetall-BorsigWheels: Spoked wood or Rubber covered aluminiumShield: YesYear of delivery: 1940-43Quantity: 142, 138 in 1945The 10,5cm Haubits m/39 was the German 10.5 leFH18 howitzer. Sweden purchased 142 of these guns from 1940 to 1943. As all other ways of importing arms were closed, Sweden bought weapons from Germany. These guns were still in service with some local defence units in the early 80s. As a design, it was considered modern and sound in Sweden, but inferior to the Bofors 10,5cm Haubits m/40.10,5cm Haubits m/40Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 18,4 cal（L22）Projectile Weight: 15,5 kgMuzzle Velocity: 449 m/sMax elevation: 45°Range: 10 600 mTraverse: 60°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 1 970 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/39Design: BoforsWheels: Spoked wood or Rubber covered aluminiumShield: YesYear of delivery: 1940-44Quantity: 242The 10,5cm Haubits m/40 were designed as an export gun by Bofors, and when war broke out, Sweden seized 16 guns intended for Siam (10,cm Haubits m/40S) and 16 guns intended for The Netherlands (10,5cm Haubits m/40H). In 1941, another 210 howitzers were ordered and they were delivered between 1941 and 1943. The 10,5cm Haubits m/40S had spoked wood wheels, while all later guns had solid rubber ringed aliminium wheels suitable for motor towing.10,5cm Kanon m/34Caliber: 105 mmBarrel lenght: 39,9 calProjectile Weight: 15,5 kgMuzzle Velocity: 450-785 m/sMax elevation: 42°Range: 17 300 mTraverse: 30°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 4 000 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 10,5cm m/34 (charge 1-3)Design: BoforsWheels: Rubber covered steelShield: YesYear of delivery: 1934, 1936-40 and 1944Quantity: 64 (4 m/27-34, 64 m/34, minus 12 sent to Finland, 8 m/34B), 48 in 1939, 64 in 1945The 10,5cm Kanon m/34 was a modern, high-powered long-range cannon. The lavette was the same as on the 15cm Haubits m/38 and the 15cm Haubits m/39. The lavette had an innovative suspension that allowed the gun to be set up and fired in a sloping hillside, a big advantage in rough terrain. The orginal guns were part of the mobile coastal artillery (10,5cm Kanon m/27-34) but were in 1942 turned over to the Army where they, together with the 10,5cm Kanon m/34 and m/34B formed 4 corps artillery divisions (batallions). My sources does not mention if the 12 guns given to Finland during the Winter War was returned or not.12cm Kanon m/85Caliber: 117 mmBarrel lenght: 28,5 cal Projectile Weight: 16,8 kg Muzzle Velocity: 475 m/sMax elevation: 35°Range: 8 600 mTraverse: 2,5°Trail: Single/poleGun weight in action: 2 485 kg Rate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/A Ammunition: 12cm m/85Design: KruppWheels: Spoked WoodShield: NoYear of delivery: Probably 1885Quantity: 53The old 12cm Kanon m/85 were still in use in some fortifications during the early years of ww2. If Sweden had been invaded in 1940, they would probably have been taken out of mothball and been pressed into service. This was an old breech loaded gun without recoil system and hopelessly outdated, even in 1939. Still used as a flare gun for the heavier coastal artillery throughout the war.15cm Positionshaubits m/06Caliber: 149,1 mmBarrel lenght: 12,1 calProjectile Weight: 41 kgMuzzle Velocity: 300 m/sMax elevation: 43°Range: 6 700 mTraverse: 2,5°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 2 150 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 15cm m/06Design: KruppWheels: Spoked SteelShield: NoYear of delivery: Probably 1906Quantity: 56, 54 in 1939, 51 in 1945The 15cm Positionshaubits m/06 was practically the only heavy field artillery available in Sweden as ww2 broke out. It was already obselete in 1939, with its low range and inflexible design, but had to soldier on in Line Army duty until after 1941, when newer howitzers finally where available in numbers to replace it. It served on, however, in local defence units throughout ww2.15cm Haubits m/19Caliber: 149,1 mmBarrel lenght: N/AProjectile Weight: 40,6 kgMuzzle Velocity: 183-422 m/sMax elevation: N/ARange: 10 400 mTraverse: 2,5°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 3 300 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 15cm m/19Design: BoforsWheels: Spoked woodShield: N/AYear of delivery: Probably 1919Quantity: 12The 15cm Haubits m/19 was used by the coastal artillery. It was a mobile artillery piece intended for coastal defence. Since coastal artillery units often joined Army manouvres and were placed under Army command during several mobilisations, one can assume that these guns would have been part of the Swedish defence against an invador, regardless of where he was coming from.15cm Haubits m/38Caliber: 149,1 mmBarrel lenght: 22 calProjectile Weight: 37 kgMuzzle Velocity: 190-503 m/sMax elevation: N/ARange: 11 100 mTraverse: 60°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 4 200 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 15cm m/19Design: BoforsWheels: Probably Rubber covered SteelShield: N/AYear of delivery: 1940-41Quantity: 16The 15cm Haubits m/38 seems to have been the fore-runner of the 15cm Haubits m/39. They used the same lavette as the 10,5cm Kanon m/34, which enabled the 15cm Haubits m/38 to be placed in sloping terrain. The 15cm Haubits m/38 served in a corps artillery division (batallion) from 1940 to war's end.15cm Haubits m/39Caliber: 149,1 mmBarrel lenght: 23 calProjectile Weight: 41,5 kgMuzzle Velocity: 580 m/sMax elevation: 65°Range: 14 600 mTraverse: 45° (m/39) or 60° (m/39B)Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 2 150 kg（5 720 kg）Rate of Fire: 4-6 shots per minuteProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 15cm m/39Design: BoforsWheels: Probably Rubber covered SteelShield: NoYear of delivery: 1941-45Quantity: 113, 28 in 1939The famous Bofors 15cm Haubits m/39 was a modern, sound and effective howitzer with a good lavette that enabled it to be positioned in and fire from sloped terrain. It had a good range and a heavy shell, making it one of the best field artillery pieces available to the Swedish Army during ww2. The last guns were not withdrawn from service until 1991. At the end of the war, it equipped 6 corps artillery divisions (battalions).15,2cm Kanon m/37Caliber: 152,4 mmBarrel lenght: 43 calProjectile Weight: 46 kg Muzzle Velocity: 500-825 m/s Max elevation: 45°Range: 23 000 mTraverse: 60°Trail: SplitGun weight in action: 14 800 kg Rate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 15,2cm m/37Design: BoforsWheels: SteelShield: NoYear of delivery: 1941 and 1945Quantity: 23The 15,2cm Kanon m/37 was the finest among the mobile coastal artillery in Sweden. It was a highly mobile cannon, designed for motor towing and quick limbering and unlimbering. Even though my sources on this gun are scarce, they all concur on the fact that this was an excellent artillery piece. The gun was transported by the 6x6 Volvo TVB m/4021cm Haubits m/17Caliber: 210 mmBarrel lenght: 14,5 calProjectile Weight: 120 kgMuzzle Velocity: 394 m/sMax elevation: 70°Range: 10 200 mTraverse: 4°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 7 530 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 21cm m/17Design: KruppWheels: SteelShield: NoYear of delivery: 1918-19Quantity: 12 (minus 4 sent to Finland)The 21cm Haubits m/17 was the German Langer Mörser 1916. In ww1, the need for siege artillery was realised, and Sweden managed to buy 12 guns to equip one division (batallion) of siege artillery. In february 1940, 4 of the guns were sent to Finland as a part of the Swedish aid during the Winter War. My sources do not indicate if these guns were returned or not.21cm Kanon m/42Caliber: 210 mmBarrel lenght: 46 calProjectile Weight: 133 kgMuzzle Velocity: 550, 650 or 800 m/sMax elevation: 45°Range: 30 000 mTraverse: 360°Trail: BoxGun weight in action: 33 000 kgRate of Fire: N/AProlonged Rate of Fire: N/AAmmunition: 21cm m/43Design: Skoda 135/800Wheels: NoneShield: NoYear of delivery: 1944Quantity: 9The 21cm Kanon m/42 was not really a field artillery piece, yet it was designed to be broken up in three parts and moved. It was the heaviest movable gun in Sweden during ww2. It had superior range and hitting power, and the 9 guns could be deployed at any quickly prepared site.。