循证医学名词术语中英文对照
临床医学常用词汇整理(英汉)
临床医学常用词汇整理(英汉) 1.医院部门及科室名称QUOTE:out-patient department 门诊部In-patient department 住院部Nursing department 护理部Admission office 住院处Discharge office 出院处Registration office 挂号处Reception room, waiting room 侯诊室Consultation room 诊察室Isolation room 隔离室Delivery room 分娩室Emergency room 急诊室Ward 病房室Department of internal medicine 内科Department of surgery 外科Department of pediatrics 儿科Department of obstetrics and gynecology 妇科Department of neurology 神经科Department of ophtalmology 眼科E.N.T.department 耳鼻喉科Department of stomatology 口腔科Department of urology 泌尿科Department of orthopedic 骨科Department of traumatology 创伤科Department of endocrinology 内分泌科Department of anesthesiology 麻醉科Department of dermatology 皮肤科Department of infectious diseases 传染病科Department of pathology 病理科Department of psychiatry 精神科Department of orthopacdic surgery 矫形外科Department of cardiac surgery 心脏外科Department of cerebral surgery 脑外科Department of thoracic surgery 胸外科Pharmacy dispensary 药房Nutrition department 营养部Diet-preparation department 配膳室Therapeutic department 治疗室Operating room/Theater 手术室Blood-bank 血站Supply-room 供应室Disinfection-room 消毒室Dressing room 换药室Mortuary 太平间Record room 病案室Department of plastic surgery 矫形外科Department of physiotherapy 理疗科electrotherapy room 电疗科heliotherapy room 光疗科wax-therapy room 蜡疗科hydrotherapy room 水疗科central laboratory 中心实验室clinical laboratory 临床实验室bacteriological laboratory 细菌实验室biochemical laboratory 生化实验室serological laboratory 血清实验室X-ray room X光室doctor’s office 医生办公室nurse’s office 护士办公室2.医务人员名称QUOTE:director of the hospital 院长physician 内科医师chief physician 主任医师associate chief physician 副主任医师attending doctor 主治医师resident doctor 住院医师intern doctor 实习医师general practitioner 全科医师specialist 专科医师head of the nursing department 护理部主任Head nurse 护士长Student nurse 实习护士E.N.T.doctor 耳鼻喉科医师Ophthalmologist 眼科医师Dentist 牙科医师Orthopedist 骨科医师Dermatologist 皮肤科医师urologist surgeon 泌尿外科医师neurosurgeon 神经外科医师plastic surgeon 矫形外科医师anaesthetist 麻醉科医师Doctor for tuberculosis 结核科医师Physiotherapist 理疗科Doctor for infectious diseases 传染病科Dietician 营养科医师Pediatrician 儿科医师Obstetrician 产科医师Midwife 助产师Gynecologist 妇科医师Radiologist 放射科医师Epidemiologist 流行病医师Pharmacist 药剂医师Assistant pharmacist 药剂医士Laboratory technician 化验员Assistant nurse 卫生员Cleaner 清洁员Controller 总务科长Registrar 挂号员Sanitation worker 消毒员3.诊断和治疗常用词汇QUOTE:inspection 望诊inquiry 问诊auscultation 听诊percussion 扣诊palpation 触诊biopsy 活组织检查pathological section 病理切片endoscopy 内窥镜检查ECG(electrocardiogram) examination 心电图检查EEG(electrocardiogram) examination 脑电图检查Intravenous pyelography 静脉肾盂造影术Skin-test 皮肤试验examination by centesis 穿刺检查routine analysis of blood 血常规分析urine analysis of blood 尿常规分析red blood cell count(RBC) 红细胞计数white blood cell count(WBC) 白细胞计数general check-up 全身检查routine examination 常规检查follow-up examination 随访检查consultation 会诊emergency 急诊diagnosis 诊断prognosis 预后convalescence, recovery 康复relapse 复发treatment 治疗prescribe 开药方fill a prescription 配药injecting 打针hypodermic injection 皮下注射intramuscular injection 肌肉注射intravenous injection 静脉注射inoculating 预防注射fluid infusion 点滴注射blood transfusion 输血dose 剂量tablet 药片capsule 胶囊liquid medicine 药水powder 药粉ointment 药膏(软膏) plaster 硬膏，石膏lotion 洗剂suppository 栓剂analgesics 止痛药antipyetics 退烧药antitussive 止咳药expectorant 祛痰药diuretics 利尿药hemostatic 止血药antidiarrheal 止泄药antipruritic 止痒药antidote 解毒药antirheumatic 抗风湿药anticarcinogen 抗癌药antibiotics 抗菌素anticoagulant 抗凝剂cardiac tonic 强心药vasodilator 血管舒张药vasoconstrictor 血管收缩药antiepileptic 抗癫痫药antispasmodic 解痉药sedative 镇静药anesthetics 麻醉药penicillin 盘尼西林streptomycin 链霉素gentamycin 庆大霉素aspirin 阿斯匹林morphine 吗啡dolantin 度冷丁iodine 碘酒distilled water 蒸馏水normal saline solution 生理食盐水atropine 阿托品hormone 激素glucose 葡萄糖side effect, adverse effect 副作用operative treatment 手术疗法major operation 大手术minor operation 小手术anesthesia 麻醉general anesthesia 全身麻醉local anesthesia 局部麻醉excision, removal, resection 切除术tonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术thyroidectomy 甲状腺切除术pneumonectomy 肺切除术mastectomy 乳房切除术gastrectomy 胃切除术cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术hepalobectomy 肝叶切除术splenectomy 脾切除术nephrectomy 肾切除术salpingectomy 输卵管切除术hysterectomy 子宫切除术hysteromyomectomy 子宫肌瘤切除术proctectomy 直肠切除术appendectomy 阑尾切除术prostatectomy 前列腺切除术tracheotomy 气管切开术incision of abscess 脓肿切开术craniotomy 颅骨切开thoracotomy 胸廓切开laparotomy 剖腹术amputation 截肢fixation 固定hot compress 热敷cold compress 冷敷gastric lavage 洗胃enema 灌肠urethral catheterication 导尿hemostasis 止血dressing 包扎sew up the incision 缝合切口remove the stitches 拆线cardiac massage 心脏按摩artificial respiration 人工呼吸diet 饮食special diet 特定饮食low protein diet 低蛋白饮食low fat diet 低脂肪饮食low calorie diet 低热量饮食liquid diet 流质饮食semi-liquid diet 半流质饮食solid diet 固体饮食light diet 易消化的饮食[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
循证医学历年名解汇总
循证医学历年名解汇总L循证医学(EVidenCe-BaSedMediCille, EBM)：是最好的临床研究证据与临床实践(临床经验、临床决策)以及患者价值观(关注，期望，需求) 的结合。
2.动物实验(animal experiment)：指在实验室内，为了获得有关生物学、医学等方面的新知识或解决具体问题而使用动物进行的科学研究。
动物实验必须由经过培训的、具备研究学位或专业技术能力的人员进行或在其指导下进行。
3.临床研究(CliniCaleXPeriment)：是以疾病的诊断、治疗、预后、病因和预防为主要研究内容，以患者为主要研究对象，以医疗服务机构为主要研究基地，由多学科人员共同参与组织实施的科学研究活动。
4.证据(evidence)：是最接近事实本身的一种信息，其形式取决于具体情况，高质量、方法恰当的研究结果是最佳证据。
由于研究常常不充分、自相矛盾或不可用，其他种类的信息就成为研究的必要补充或替代。
5.严格评价(CritiCal appraisal)：指的是对一个研究证据的质量作科学的鉴别，分析它的真实性的程度，即看是否真实可靠。
如果是真实可靠的话，要进一步评价临床医疗是否有重要价值；如果既真实又有重要的临床价值，最后要看这种(些)证据是否能适用于具体的临床实践，即是否能应用于自己的病人的诊治实践以解决疾病实际问题。
6. ( 1)系统评价(SyStenIatiC review)：针对某一具体的临床问题系统全面地收集全世界所有已发表或末发表的相关的临床研究文章；统一的科学评价标准，筛选出符合标准、质量好的文献，定性或定量的方法进行综合，去粗取精，去伪存真，得出可靠的结论；随着新的临床研究结果的出现及时更新。
7. ( 1) Meta分析(Meta-analysis)：广义：针对某个主题，全面收集所有相关研究并逐个严格评价和分析后，再用定量合成的方法对资料进行统计学处理得出综合结论的全过程。
狭义：指一种单纯定量合成的统计学方法。
各类医学中英文对照 精品
Euchromatin (常染色体)：间期核内除了异染色质之外的所有基因组。
Evolutionary clock (进化钟)：特定基因突变积累的速度定义。
Excision (切除)：噬菌体、附加体或其它序列的切除是指它们以自主DNA分子形式从宿主染色体中释放出来。
Exonucleases (核酸外切酶)：从核酸链中每次从一头切割一个核苷酸，可能特异性切割DNA或者RNA 的5￠或者3￠端。
Expression vector (表达载体)：设计好的克隆载体，使编码序列插入特定的位点，能够转录和翻译成蛋白质。
Extranuclear genes (核外基因)：核外的、定位在细胞器，如线粒体或叶绿体中的基因。
Enhancer (增强子)：是一个顺式作用序列，能够提高一些真核生物启动子的利用，并能够在启动子任何方向以及任何位置(上游或者下游)作用。
Enelopes (包膜)：某些细胞器外膜(如细胞核或线粒体)，由同中心的膜构成，每一个膜由磷脂双分子层组成。
Episome change (后天改变)：不影响基因型但是改变表型。它们包括细胞性质的改变，这是遗传的但是在遗传信息上没有表现出改变。
Eadie plot|Eadie图
Eadie plotting|Eadie作图法[用于酶促反应动力学]
early gene|早期基因[可特指病毒]
early hypersensitivity|早发型超敏反应
early phage|早期[有时特指病毒复制的早期]
Episome (附加体)：能够整合进细菌DNA 中的质粒。
Epistasis (上位性)：指一个基因的表达会模糊另一个基因的表型效果。
循证医学名词解释循证医学概念
循证医学名词解释循证医学概念循证医学概念随着循证医学[循证医疗(保健、诊疗)、求证(证据)医学，evidence based medicine (health care,practice)的普及和发展，其正在逐渐和不断地融入整个医学(疗)体系，丰富和完善医学知识、方法、理论和观念，影响、促进和推动着医学的进步和发展。
近年来，国内外循证医学的文献不断增加。
通过《中国生物医学文献数据库》(光盘)可以检索到数白篇有关中文文献，国内已经出版了至少3本中文的循证医学书籍、创办了2本证医学专业期刊和创建了至少2个中文的循证医学网站;通过Medline可以检索到近万篇有关文献，国外已经出版了数十种英文循证医学书籍(这其中有循证药学)，创建了不计其数的网站或网页。
面对浩瀚的信息资源，有必要从宏观角度，遵照循证思路，采用系统性综述与叙述性(传统)综述相结合的方法，联系国内情况，了解和探索其1基本概念或含义。
1资料与方法 1.1资料1.1.1中文资料 3本循证医学专著中循证医学的定义;用循证医学、循证医疗和循证诊疗，分别检索《中国生物医学文献数据库》(光盘)中直接描述循证医学属性的文题(2002-01-21检索)。
剔除明显译自外文者。
1. 1. 2英文资料加拿大Health Network大学、Albtera大学、美国医学图书馆科学院(NYAM L)、英国Sheffield大学和牛津大学的5个知识性循证医学网站中。
Evidente based medicine,evidence based health care和evidence based practice的定义(2002-10读阅);3本英文版循证医学专著中evidence basedmedicine的定义。
用“evidence based”检索Medline所得文献的题目中，直接描述循证医学属性的标题(2002-10检索)，及标题中紧随“evidence based”后面的单词或词组(2002-10检索)。
医学文献指标的中英文术语对照
医学文献指标的中英文术语对照引言:医学文献是医学研究和临床实践中不可或缺的重要信息来源。
在阅读和理解医学文献时，掌握准确的中英文术语对照是十分必要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的医学文献指标的中英文术语对照，帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些指标。
一、Study Design (研究设计)1. 随机对照试验 (Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT)- 定义:将研究对象随机分为实验组和对照组，对比两组结果以评估干预措施的疗效- 示例: A randomized controlled trial of drug A on patients with hypertension2. 前瞻性队列研究 (Prospective Cohort Study)- 定义:在研究开始之前，根据暴露因素进行观察，随访研究对象并记录结果- 示例: A prospective cohort study of smoking and lung cancer risk3. 横断面研究 (Cross-sectional Study)- 定义:在某个特定时间点上收集数据，不考虑因果关系- 示例: A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of diabetes in a rural community二、Outcome Measures (研究终点指标)1. 死亡率 (Mortality Rate)- 定义:在一定时间内发生死亡的患者数与特定人群总数之比- 示例: The mortality rate of patients with heart failure after one year of follow-up2. 生存率 (Survival Rate)- 定义:在一定时间内生存下来的患者数与特定人群总数之比- 示例: The 5-year survival rate of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy3. 病情进展率 (Progression Rate)- 定义:患者疾病进展的速度或患病程度的评估指标- 示例: The progression rate of multiple sclerosis measured by MRI scans三、Statistical Analysis (统计分析)1. 方差分析 (Analysis of Variance, ANOVA)- 定义:用于比较多个组别差异的统计方法- 示例: One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in blood pressure among different age groups2. 相关分析 (Correlation Analysis)- 定义:评估两个变量之间关系的统计方法- 示例: Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the association between BMI and blood glucose levels3. 生存分析 (Survival Analysis)- 定义:评估患者生存时间的统计方法，常用于研究肿瘤等疾病- 示例: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the overall survival rates of lung cancer patients四、Evidence Levels (证据级别)1. 临床实证 (Level of Evidence)- 定义:根据研究设计和方法的科学性和可靠性评估研究证据的质量- 示例: This meta-analysis provides high-level evidence for the efficacy of drug B in treating depression2. 系统综述及Meta分析 (Systematic Review and Meta-analysis)- 定义:对多个独立研究进行整体分析和结论汇总的研究方法- 示例: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of acupuncture for chronic pain management3. 专家共识 (Expert Consensus)- 定义:基于专家意见和经验形成的共识性陈述- 示例: The current guidelines are based on expert consensus and clinical experience结论:通过掌握医学文献指标中的中英文术语对照，读者能够更准确地理解和应用这些指标，在医学研究和临床实践中获得准确和可靠的信息支持。
循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引
Absolute deviation, 绝对离差Absolute number, 绝对数Absolute residuals, 绝对残差Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度Acceleration vector, 加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设Accumulation, 累积Accuracy, 准确度Actual frequency, 实际频数Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量Addition, 相加Addition theorem, 加法定理Additivity, 可加性Adjusted rate, 调整率Adjusted value, 校正值Admissible error, 容许误差Aggregation, 聚集性Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析Analysis of variance, 方差分析Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA, 季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit, 拟合的评估Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distribution, 非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率Asymptotic variance, 渐近方差Attributable risk, 归因危险度Attribute data, 属性资料Attribution, 属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length, 平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar graph, 条形图Base period, 基期Bayes' theorem , Bayes定理Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution, 二项分布Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体Biweight interval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M估计量Block, 区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation, 典型相关Caption, 纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable, 分类变量Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship, 因果关系Cell, 单元Censoring, 终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标Central tendency, 集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector, 卡方自动交互检测Chance, 机遇Chance error, 随机误差Chance variable, 随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程Characteristic root, 特征根Characteristic vector, 特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test, 卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition, 乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class interval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable, 分类变量Cluster analysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampling, 整群抽样Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据Coding, 编码Coefficient of contingency, 列联系数Coefficient of determination, 决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数Coefficient of production-moment correlation, 积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数Coefficient of regression, 回归系数Coefficient of skewness, 偏度系数Coefficient of variation, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Column, 列Column effect, 列效应Column factor, 列因素Combination pool, 合并Combinative table, 组合表Common factor, 共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差Common variation, 公共变异Communality variance, 共性方差Comparability, 可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较Comparison value, 比较值Compartment model, 分部模型Compassion, 伸缩Complement of an event, 补事件Complete association, 完全正相关Complete dissociation, 完全不相关Complete statistics, 完备统计量Completely randomized design, 完全随机化设计Composite event, 联合事件Composite events, 复合事件Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation, 条件期望Conditional likelihood, 条件似然Conditional probability, 条件概率Conditionally linear, 依条件线性Confidence interval, 置信区间Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit, 置信下限Confidence upper limit, 置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis , 验证性因子分析Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor, 混杂因素Conjoint, 联合分析Consistency, 相合性Consistency check, 一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint, 约束Contaminated distribution, 污染分布Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution, 污染正态分布Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型Contingency table, 列联表Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率Control, 对照Controlled experiments, 对照实验Conventional depth, 常规深度Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean, 校正均值Correction coefficient, 校正系数Correctness, 正确性Correlation coefficient, 相关系数Correlation index, 相关指数Correspondence, 对应Counting, 计数Counts, 计数/频数Covariance, 协方差Covariant, 共变Cox Regression, Cox回归Criteria for fitting, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design, 交叉设计Cross-section analysis, 横断面分析Cross-section survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs , 交叉表Cross-tabulation table, 复合表Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distribution function, 分布函数Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature, 曲率/弯曲Curvature, 曲率Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression, 曲线回归Curvilinear relation, 曲线关系Cut-and-try method, 尝试法Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性D test, D检验Data acquisition, 资料收集Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏Data handling, 数据处理Data manipulation, 数据处理Data processing, 数据处理Data reduction, 数据缩减Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data transformation, 数据变换Data validity, 数据有效性Data-in, 数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precision, 精密度Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度Degression, 递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量Dependent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法Design, 设计Determinacy, 确定性Determinant, 行列式Determinant, 决定因素Deviation, 离差Deviation from average, 离均差Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization, 直接标准化法Discrete variable, 离散型变量DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数Discriminant function, 判别值Dispersion, 散布/分散度Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape, 分布形状Distribution-free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线Double blind method, 双盲法Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution, 双指数分布Double logarithmic, 双对数Downward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图DUD, 无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan新法Effect, 实验效应Eigenvalue, 特征值Eigenvector, 特征向量Ellipse, 椭圆Empirical distribution, 经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun-class number, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivariance, 同变性Error, 误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I, 第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estimand, 被估量Estimated error mean squares, 估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和Euclidean distance, 欧式距离Event, 事件Event, 事件Exceptional data point, 异常数据点Expectation plane, 期望平面Expectation surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling, 试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis, 探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exponential curve, 指数曲线Exponential growth, 指数式增长EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法Extended fit, 扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值Extremes, 极端值/极值F distribution, F分布F test, F检验Factor, 因素/因子Factor analysis, 因子分析Factor Analysis, 因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design, 析因试验设计False negative, 假阴性False negative error, 假阴性错误Family of distributions, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率Field investigation, 现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体Finite-sample, 有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component, 第一主成分First quartile, 第一四分位数Fisher information, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve, 曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏Forecast, 预测Four fold table, 四格表Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率Fractional error, 相对误差Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon, 频数多边图Frontier point, 界限点Function relationship, 泛函关系Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布Gauss increment, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量General census, 全面普查GENLOG (Generalized liner models), 广义线性模型Geometric mean, 几何平均数Gini's mean difference, 基尼均差GLM (General liner models), 通用线性模型Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant, 行列式的梯度Graeco-Latin square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mean, 总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sensitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mean, 假定平均数Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M估计量Happenstance, 偶然事件Harmonic mean, 调和均数Hazard function, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率Heading, 标目Heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heterogeneity, 不同质Heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齐Hierarchical classification, 组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点HILOGLINEAR, ***列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge, 折叶点Histogram, 直方图Historical cohort study, 历史性队列研究Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M估计量Hyperbola, 双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验Hypothetical universe, 假设总体Impossible event, 不可能事件Independence, 独立性Independent variable, 自变量Index, 指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体Infinitely great, 无穷大Infinitely small, 无穷小Influence curve, 影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量Initial condition, 初始条件Initial estimate, 初始估计值Initial level, 最初水平Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms, 交互作用项Intercept, 截距Interpolation, 内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间Intrinsic curvature, 固有曲率Invariance, 不变性Inverse matrix, 逆矩阵Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation, 反正弦变换Iteration, 迭代Jacobian determinant, 雅可比行列式Joint distribution function, 分布函数Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution, 联合概率分布K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier图Kendall's rank correlation, Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布Least significant difference, 最小显著差法Least square method, 最小二乘法Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线Legend, 图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L估计量L-estimator of scale, 尺度L估计量Level, 水平Life expectance, 预期期望寿命Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function, 似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance, 位置不变性Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布Logit transformation, Logit转换LOGLINEAR, ***列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation, 低度相关Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差LSD, 最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable, 潜在变量Main effect, 主效应Major heading, 主辞标目Marginal density function, 边缘密度函数Marginal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution, 边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布Matching of distribution, 分布的匹配Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectation, 数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L 估计量Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares between groups, 组间均方Mean squares within group, 组内均方Means (Compare means), 均值-均值比较Median, 中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Median polish, 中位数平滑Median test, 中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator, 最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor heading, 宾词标目Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定Modeling Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers, 离群值模型Modifying the model, 模型的修正Modulus of continuity, 连续性模Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable configuration, 最有利构形Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), ***尺度/***标度Multinomial Logistic Regression , 多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较Multiple correlation , 复相关Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归Multiple response , 多重选项Multiple solutions, 多解Multiplication theorem, 乘法定理Multiresponse, 多元响应Multi-stage sampling, 多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution, 多元T分布Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立Natural boundary, 自然边界Natural dead, 自然死亡Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q检验NK method, q检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义Nominal variable, 名义变量Nonconstancy of variability, 变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression, 非线性相关Nonparametric statistics, 非参数统计Nonparametric test, 非参数检验Nonparametric tests, 非参数检验Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal distribution, 正态分布Normal equation, 正规方程组Normal ranges, 正常范围Normal value, 正常值Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis, 无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量Objective function, 目标函数Observation unit, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test, 单侧检验One-way analysis of variance, 单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA , 单因素方差分析Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable, 有序变量Orthogonal basis, 正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点Outliers, 极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot, 迭代过度Paired design, 配对设计Paired sample, 配对样本Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Partial correlation, 偏相关Partial regression, 偏回归Partial sorting, 偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern, 模式Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeling, 退层Percent bar graph, 百分条形图Percentage, 百分比Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutation, 排列P-estimator, P估计量Pie graph, 饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot, 枢轴量Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡Point estimation, 点估计Poisson distribution, 泊松分布Polishing, 平滑Polled standard deviation, 合并标准差Polled variance, 合并方差Polygon, 多边图Polynomial, 多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线Population, 总体Population attributable risk, 人群归因危险度Positive correlation, 正相关Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distribution, 后验分布Power of a test, 检验效能Precision, 精密度Predicted value, 预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析Principal component analysis, 主成分分析Prior distribution, 先验分布Prior probability, 先验概率Probabilistic model, 概率模型probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Profile trace, 截面迹图Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling, 按比例分层随机抽样Proportionate, 成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudosigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样QR decomposition, QR分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似Qualitative classification, 属性分类Qualitative method, 定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q-Q图Quantitative analysis, 定量分析Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类Radix sort, 基数排序Random allocation, 随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计Random event, 随机事件Randomization, 随机化Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料Rate, 比率Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh's test, 雷氏检验Rayleigh's Z, 雷氏Z值Reciprocal, 倒数Reciprocal transformation, 倒数变换Recording, 记录Redescending estimators, 回降估计量Reducing dimensions, 降维Re-expression, 重新表达Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square, 回归平方和Rejection point, 拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度Relative number, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization, 重新设置参数Replication, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和Resistance, 耐抗性Resistant line, 耐抗线Resistant technique, 耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R估计量R-estimator of scale, 尺度R估计量Retrospective study, 回顾性调查Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit分析Rotation, 旋转Rounding, 舍入Row, 行Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC表Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient, 样本回归系数Sample size, 样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差Sampling error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS统计软件包Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图Schematic plot, 示意图/简图Score test, 计分检验Screening, 筛检SEASON, 季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸Sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲线Sequential analysis, 贯序分析Sequential data set, 顺序数据集Sequential design, 贯序设计Sequential method, 贯序法Sequential test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法Sigmoid curve, S形曲线Sign function, 正负号函数Sign test, 符号检验Signed rank, 符号秩Significance test, 显著性检验Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling, 简单整群抽样Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样Simple regression, 简单回归simple table, 简单表Sine estimator, 正弦估计量Single-valued estimate, 单值估计Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布Skewness, 偏度Slash distribution, 斜线分布Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation, 变异来源Spearman rank correlation, 斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布Spread, 展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS统计软件包Spurious correlation, 假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差Standard deviation, 标准差Standard error, 标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误Standard error of estimate, 标准估计误差Standard error of rate, 率的标准误Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布Standardization, 标准化Starting value, 起始值Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table, 统计表Steepest descent, 最速下降法Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regression, 逐步回归Storage, 存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Strength, 强度Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub-class numbers, 次级组含量Subdividing, 分割Sufficient statistic, 充分统计量Sum of products, 积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression, 偏回归平方和Sure event, 必然事件Survey, 调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差Systematic sampling, 系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail length, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line, 切线Target distribution, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势Testing of hypotheses, 假设检验Theoretical frequency, 理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval, 容忍区间Tolerance lower limit, 容忍下限Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限Torsion, 扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variation, 总变异Transformation, 转换Treatment, 处理Trend, 趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势Trial, 试验Trial and error method, 试错法Tuning constant, 细调常数Two sided test, 双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方Two-stage sampling, 二阶段抽样Two-tailed test, 双侧检验Two-way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析Two-way table, 双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误Type II error, 二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称Unbiased estimate, 无偏估计Unconstrained nonlinear regression , 无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number, 不等次级组含量Ungrouped data, 不分组资料Uniform coordinate, 均匀坐标Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate, 方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories, 无序分类Upper limit, 上限Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept, 模糊概念Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation), 方差元素估计Variability, 变异性Variable, 变量Variance, 方差Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation, 方差最大正交旋转Volume of distribution, 容积W test, W检验Weibull distribution, 威布尔分布Weight, 权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran检验Weighted linear regression method, 加权直线回归Weighted mean, 加权平均数Weighted mean square, 加权平均方差Weighted sum of square, 加权平方和Weighting coefficient, 权重系数Weighting method, 加权法W-estimation, W估计量W-estimation of location, 位置W估计量Width, 宽度Wilcoxon paired test, 威斯康星配对法/配对符号秩和检验Wild point, 野点/狂点Wild value, 野值/狂值Winsorized mean, 缩尾均值Withdraw, 失访Youden's index, 尤登指数Z test, Z检验Zero correlation, 零相关Z-transformation, Z变换安全性, Safety半随机对照试验, quasi- randomized control trial，qRCT背景问题, background questions比值比, odds ratio，OR标准化均数差, standardized mean difference, SMD病例报告, case report病例分析, case analysis病人价值观, patient value （此词删除）病人预期事件发生率, patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学, complementary and alternative medicine, CAM 不良事件, adverse event不确定性, uncertaintyCochrane图书馆, Cochrane Library, CLCochrane系统评价, Cochrane systematic review, CSR Cochrane协作网, Cochrane Collaboration, CCCox比例风险模型, Cox’ proportional hazard model参考试验偏倚, References test bias肠激惹综合征, irritable bowel syndrome，IRB测量变异, measurement variation成本-效果, cost-effectiveness成本-效果分析, cost-effectiveness analysis成本-效益分析, cost-benefit analysis成本-效用分析, cost-utility analysis成本最小化分析（最小成本分析）,cost-minimization analysis重复发表偏倚, Multiple publication bias传统医学, Traditional Medicine，TMD—L法, DerSimonian & Laird method发生一例不良反应所需治疗的病例数, the number needed to harm one more patients from the therapy，NNH对抗疗法, allopathic medicine，AM对照组中某事件的发生率, control event rate，CER多重发表偏倚, multiple publication bias (删除此词)二次研究, secondary studies二次研究证据, secondary research evidence发表偏倚, publication bias防止1例不良事件发生或得到1例有利结果需要治疗的病例数, number needed to treat，NNT非随机同期对照试验, non-randomized concurrent control trial分层随机化, stratified randomization分类变量, categorical variable风险（危险度）, risk干扰, co-intervention工作偏倚, Workup bias固定效应模型, fixed effect model国际临床流行病学网, International Clinical Epidemiology Network, INCLEN灰色文献, grey literature后效评价, reevaluation获益, benefit机会结, chance node疾病谱偏倚, Spectrum bias技术特性, Technical properties加权均数差, weighted mean difference, WMD假阳性率（误诊率）, false positive rate假阴性率（漏诊率）, false negative rate简单随机化, simple randomization检索策略, search strategy交叉对照研究（交叉设计）, crossover design经济学分析, economic analysis经济学特性, Economic attributes or impacts经验医学, empirical medicine精确性, precision决策结, decision node决策树分析, decision tree analysis绝对获益增加率, absolute benefit increase, ABI绝对危险度降低率, absolute risk reduction, ARR绝对危险度增加率, absolute risk increase, ARI可重复性, repeatability，reproducibility可靠性（信度）, reliability可信区间, confidence interval ，CI可信限, confidence limit ，CLLogistic回归模型, Logistic regression model历史性对照研究, historical control trial利弊比, likelihood of being helped vs harmed, LHH连续性变量, continuous variable临床对照试验, controlled clinical trial, CCT临床结局, clinical outcome临床经济学, clinical economics临床决策分析, clinical decision analysis临床流行病学, clinical epidemiology, CE临床实践指南, clinical practice guidelines, CPG临床试验, clinical trial临床研究证据, clinical research evidence临床证据, clinical evidence临床证据手册, handbook of clinical evidence零点, Zero time灵活性, flexibility临界点, Cut off points漏斗图, funnel plots率差（或危险差）, rate difference，risk difference，RD Meta-分析, Meta-analysis敏感度, sensitivity敏感性分析, sensitivity analysis墨克手册, Merck manual脑卒中病房, Stroke Unit内在真实性, internal validity偏倚, bias起始队列, inception cohort前-后对照研究, before-after study前景问题, foreground questions区组随机化, block randomization散点图, scatter plots森林图, forest plots伤残调整寿命年, disability adjusted life year，DALY生存曲线, survival curves生存时间, survival time生存质量（生活质量）, quality of life世界卫生组织, World Health Organization, WHO失安全数, fail-Safe Number试验组某事件发生率, experimental event rate，EER似然比, likelihood Ratio, LR适用性, applicability受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）, receiver operator characteristic curve 随机对照临床试验, randomized clinical trials, RCT随机对照试验, randomized control trial, RCT随机化隐藏, randomization concealment随机效应模型, random effect model特异度, specificity同行评价, colleague evaluation统计效能（把握度）, power同质性检验, tests for homogeneity外在真实性, external validity完成治疗分析, per protocol，PP腕管综合征, carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS卫生技术, health technology卫生技术评估, health technology assessment, HTA系统评价, systematic review, SR相对获益增加率, relative benefit increase, RBI相对危险度, relative risk，RR相对危险度降低率, relative risk reduction, RRR相对危险度增加率, relative risk increase, RRI效果, effectiveness效力, efficacy效应尺度, effect magnitude效应量, effect size序贯试验, sequential trial选择性偏倚, selection bias循证儿科学, evidence-based pediatrics循证妇产科学, evidence-based gynecology & obstetrics循证购买, evidence-based purchasing循证护理, evidence-based nursing循证决策, evidence-based decision-making循证内科学, evidence-based internal medicine循证筛选, evidence-based selection循证外科学, evidence-based surgery循证卫生保健, evidence-based health care循证诊断, evidence-based diagnosis循证医学, evidence-based medicine, EBM亚组分析, subgroup analysis严格评价, critical appraisal验后比, post-test odds验后概率, post-test probability验前比, pre-test odds验前概率, pre-test probability阳性预测值, positive predictive value原始研究, primary studies异质性检验, tests for heterogeneity意向治疗分析, intention-to-treat, ITT阴性预测值, negative predictive value引用偏倚, citation bias尤登指数, Youden’s index语言偏倚, language bias预后, prognosis预后因素, prognostic factor预后指数, prognostic index原始研究证据, primary research evidence原始研究证据来源, primary resources沾染, contamination真实性（效度）, validity诊断参照标准, reference standard of diagnosis诊断阈值, testing threshold诊断﹣治疗阈值, test-treatment threshold质量调整寿命年, quality adjusted life year，QALY治疗阈值, Treatment threshold准确度, accuracy自我评价, self-evaluation最佳证据, best evidenceA安全性 SafetyB半随机对照试验 quasi- randomized control trial，qRCT背景问题 background questions比值比 odds ratio，OR标准化均数差 standardized mean difference, SMD病例报告 case report病例分析 case analysis病人价值观 patient value （此词删除）病人预期事件发生率patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学 complementary and alternative medicine, CAM 不良事件 adverse event不确定性 uncertaintyCCochrane图书馆 Cochrane Library, CLCochrane系统评价 Cochrane systematic review, CSR Cochrane协作网 Cochrane Collaboration, CCCox比例风险模型Cox’ proportional hazard model。
临床专业术语英中文对照
专业术语英中文对照TTP： time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE： severity Adverse Event严重不良事件AE： Adverse Event不良事件SOP： Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF： Case Report form病例报告表DLT：剂量限制毒性MTD：最大耐受剂量KPS： Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR： complete response完全缓解PR： partial response部分缓解SD：病情稳定PD： progressive disease病情进展CTC：常用药物毒性标准IEC： independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB ： institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA：临床研究助理CRO： Contract Research Organization合同研究组织DFS： Disease Free Survival无病生存期OS：〔Overall Survival总生存时间IC： Informed consent 知情同意ADR： Adverse Drug Reaction不良反应GAP：Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP：Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP：Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI ：Principal investigator主要研究者CI： Co-inveatigator合作研究者SI ：Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI ：Coordinating investigtor协调研究者DGMP：医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF： Informed consent form知情同意书RCT ： randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT： non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM： evidence-based medicine循证医学RCD：randomized cross-over disgn随机交*对照试验HCT： historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST： Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC： Quality Control质量控制UADR： Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction,非预期药物不良反应1 / 6Active control AC 阳性对照,活性对照Adverse drug reactive ADR药物不良反应Audit 稽查Bias 偏差blank Control 空白对照Blinding /asking盲法Case history病历Clinical trial临床试验Clinical trial application, CTA 临床试验申请Clinical trial exemption, CTX 临床试验免责Clinical trial protocol, CTP临床试验方案Clinical trial/study report临床试验报告Co-investigator合作研究者Comparison对照Compliance/obedience依从性Computer-assisted trial design CATD计算机辅助试验设计Coordinating committee协调委员会Cross-over study 交叉研究Documentation文件Dose-reaction relation 剂量-反应关系double blinding 双盲electronic data capture/processing电子数据采集/处理系统endpoint criteria/ measurement 终点指标exclusion criteria排除标准generic drug通用名药health economic evaluation, HEV健康经济学评价hypothesis testing 假设检验inclusion criteria 入选标准information gathering 信息收集initial meeting 启动会议inspection视察/检查intention to treat 意向治疗interactive voice response system, IVRS 互动式语音应答系统international conference on harmonization 国际协调会议investigational new drug,IND新药临床研究marketing approval/ authorization 上市许可证new chemical entity新化学实体new drug application, NDA新药申请optional titration随意滴定patient file病人档案placebo安慰剂principle investigator, PI主要研究者product license, PL 产品许可证protocol amendment 方案补正quality assurance, QA 质量保证quality assurance unit, QAU 质量保证部门quality control,QC质量控制randomization随机化run in 准备期sample size 样本量,样本大小seriousness严重性severity 严重程度site audit试验机构稽查source data/source document, SD原始数据source data verification, SDV原始数据核准statistical analysis plan, SAP统计分析计划subject diary受试者日记subject enrollment 受试者筛选subject enrollment log受试者入选表subject identification code, SIC受试者识别代码subject recruitment受试者招募subject screening log受试者筛选表trial error试验误差trial master file试验总文件unexpected adverse event, UAE 预料外不良反应variability变异visual analogy scale直观类比打分法vulnerable subject弱势受试者wash-out 清洗期well-being福利,健康。
临床研究专业术语缩略语中英对照表
临床研究专业术语缩略语中英对照表研究领域日新月异，医学领域也不例外。
临床研究作为医学研究的重要组成部分，涉及到众多专业术语和缩略语，对于研究人员和医学学生来说，了解和掌握这些术语的中英对照表具有重要意义。
下面将为大家介绍一些常见的临床研究专业术语缩略语的中英对照表。
1. 临床研究常用术语- Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)：随机对照试验- Informed Consent：知情同意- Double-blind：双盲- Placebo：安慰剂- Control Group：对照组- Experimental Group：实验组- Sample Size：样本量- Follow-up：随访- Protocol：方案- Ethics Committee：伦理委员会- Adverse Events：不良事件- Confidentiality：保密性2. 临床试验阶段术语临床试验一般分为四个阶段，每个阶段有其特定的目标和性质。
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial：一期临床试验- Phase 2 Clinical Trial：二期临床试验- Phase 3 Clinical Trial：三期临床试验- Phase 4 Clinical Trial：四期临床试验3. 常见疾病和症状在临床研究中，涉及到各种各样的疾病和症状的缩略语。
- AIDS：艾滋病- COPD：慢性阻塞性肺疾病- IBS：肠易激综合征- CAD：冠心病- MI：心肌梗死- CHF：充血性心力衰竭- TIA：短暂性脑缺血发作- PMS：经前紧张综合征- GERD：胃食管反流病- UTI：尿路感染- COPD：慢性阻塞性肺病- IBD：炎症性肠病- CVD：心血管疾病- CNS：中枢神经系统- RA：类风湿性关节炎4. 诊断工具缩略语在临床研究中，很多诊断工具和设备都有一些特定的缩略语。
- ECG：心电图- CT：计算机断层扫描- MRI：磁共振成像- PET：正电子发射计算机断层扫描- CBC：全血细胞计数- Pap Smear：宫颈抹片- EEG：脑电图- X-ray：X射线- EMG：肌电图- ABG：动脉血气分析- LFT：肝功能检查- BMP：基础血液检查- PSA：前列腺特异性抗原- CXR：胸部X射线- DEXA：双能X射线吸收法- MRA：磁共振血管成像5. 药物和治疗方法缩略语在临床研究中，药物和治疗方法也有很多缩略语。
循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引
循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引（以首字的汉语拼音为序）A安全性SafetyB半随机对照试验quasi- ran domized control trial ，qRCT背景问题backgro und questi ons 比值比odds ratio ，OR 标准化均数差sta ndardized mea n differe nee, SMD病例报告case report病例分析case analysis病人价值观patie nt value （此词删除）病人预期事件发生率patient ' s expected eve nt rate, PEER补充替代医学compleme ntary and alter native medici ne, CAM不良事件adverse eve nt不确定性un certa intyCCochrane 图书馆Cochrane Library, CL Cochrane 系统评价Cochrane systematic review, CSRCochrane 协作网Cochrane Collaboratio n, CC Cox比例风险模型Cox 'proporti onal hazard model参考试验偏倚Refere nces test bias肠激惹综合征irritable bowelsyndrome ，IRB测量变异measureme nt variati on成本-效果cost-effectiveness成本-效果分析cost-effectivenessan alysis成本-效益分析cost-benefitan alysis成本-效用分析cost-utility analysis成本最小化分析（最小成本分析）cost-mi ni mizatio n an alysis 重复发表偏倚Multiple publicati on bias传统医学Traditional Medicine ，TMDD —L 法DerSimonian & Lairdmethod发生一例不良反应所需治疗的病例数the nu mber n eeded to harm onemore patie nts from the therapy ，NNH对抗疗法allopathic medicine ，AM 对照组中某事件的发生率con troleve nt rate ，CER多重发表偏倚multiple publicati onbias （删除此词）E二次研究sec on dary studies二次研究证据sec ondary research evide neeF发表偏倚publication bias防止1例不良事件发生或得到1例有利结果需要治疗的病例数number needed to treat ，NNT非随机同期对照试验non-ran domized con curre ntcon trol trial分层随机化stratifiedran domizati on分类变量categorical variable风险（危险度）riskG干扰co-intervention工作偏倚Workup bias固定效应模型fixed effect model 国际临床流行病学网In ter natio nalCli ni cal Epidemiology Network, INCLENH灰色文献grey literature后效评价reevaluation获益ben efitJ机会结chanee node疾病谱偏倚Spectrum bias 技术特性Technical properties 加权均数差weighted mean differe nee, WMD 假阳性率（误诊率）false positive rate假阴性率（漏诊率）false negativerate简单随机化simple ran domizati on检索策略search strategy交叉对照研究（交叉设计）crossover desig n 经济学分析econo mic an alysis 经济学特性Econo mic attributes or impacts经验医学empirical medicine精确性precision决策结decision node决策树分析decisi on tree an alysis 绝对获益增加率absolute benefit in crease, ABI绝对危险度降低率absolute riskreductio n, ARR绝对危险度增加率absolute riskin crease, ARIK可重复性repeatability ，reproducibility可靠性（信度）reliability可信区间con fide nee in terval ，CI 可信限confidence limit ，CLLLogistic 回归模型Logisticregressi on model历史性对照研究historical co ntrol trial禾弊比likelihood of being helpedvs harmed, LHH连续性变量con ti nu ous variable临床对照试验con trolled cli nicaltrial, CCT临床结局clinical outcome临床经济学cli ni cal econo mics临床决策分析clinical decisionan alysis临床流行病学cli ni cal epidemiology,CE临床实践指南cli nical practiceguidel in es, CPG临床试验clinical trial临床研究证据cli nical researchevide nee临床证据clinical evidenee临床证据手册han dbook of cli ni calevide nee零点Zero time灵活性flexibility临界点Cut off points漏斗图funnel plots率差（或危险差）rate differe nee , risk differenee , RDMMeta-分析Meta-analysis敏感度sensitivity敏感性分析sen sitivity an alysis墨克手册Merck manualN脑卒中病房Stroke Unit内在真实性internal validityP偏倚biasQ起始队歹V in cepti on cohort前-后对照研究before-after study前景问题foreground questions 区组随机化block ran domizati onS散点图scatter plots 森林图forest plots 伤残调整寿命年disability adjustedlife year ，DALY生存曲线survival curves生存时间survival time生存质量（生活质量）quality of life 世界卫生组织World HealthOrga ni zatio n, WHO失安全数fail-Safe Number 试验组某事件发生率experime ntaleve nt rate ，EER似然比likelihood Ratio, LR适用性applicability受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）receiver operator characteristic curve随机对照临床试验ran domizedclinical trials, RCT 随机对照试验ran domized controltrial, RCT随机化隐藏ran domizati oncon cealme nt随机效应模型random effect modelT特异度specificity同行评价colleague evaluation统计效能（把握度）power同质性检验tests for homoge neityW外在真实性external validity 完成治疗分析per protocol ，PP 腕管综合征carpal tunnel syn drome, CTS卫生技术health tech no logy 卫生技术评估health tech nologyassessme nt, HTAX系统评价systematic review, SR 相对获益增加率relative ben efit in crease, RBI相对危险度relative risk ，RR 相对危险度降低率relative risk reductio n, RRR相对危险度增加率relative riskin crease, RRI效果effectiveness效力efficacy效应尺度effect magnitude效应量effect size序贯试验sequential trial选择性偏倚selectio n bias循证儿科学evide nce-based pediatrics循证妇产科学evide nce-basedgyn ecology & obstetrics循证购买evidence-based purchas ing循证护理evidence-based nursing 循证决策evidence-based decisi on-mak ing循证内科学evide nce-based internal medici ne 循证筛选evide nce-based select ion 循证外科学evide nce-based surgery循证卫生保健evide nce-based health care 循证诊断evidence-based diag no sis 循证医学EBMY亚组分析subgroupanalysis 严格评价criticalappraisal 验后比post-test odds 验后概率post-test probability 验前比pre-test odds 验前概率pre-test probability 阳性预测值positive predictive value 原始研究primary studies 异质性检验tests for heterogeneity 意向治疗分析in te ntio n-to-treat,ITT 阴性预测值negative predictive value 引用偏倚citation bias 尤登指数Youden ' s index 语言偏倚Ian guage bias 预后prog no sis 预后因素prog no stic factor 预后指数prog nostic index 原始研究证据primary research evide nee原始研究证据来源primaryresourcesZ沾染contamination 真实性（效度）validity 诊断参照标准reference sta ndard ofdiag no sis 诊断阈值testing threshold 诊断-治疗阈值test-treatme ntthreshold质量调整寿命年quality adjusted life year , QALY治疗阈值Treatment thresholdAccelerati on array, 加速度立体阵Accelerati on in an arbitrarydirectio n, 任意方向上的加速度Accelerati on no rmal, 法向加速度Accelerati on space dime nsion, 力口速度空间的维数Accelerati on tangen tial, 切向加速度Accelerati on vector, 力口速度向量Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设Accumulati on, 累积Accuracy, 准确度Actual freque ncy, 实际频数Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量Additio n,相加Additi on theorem, 力口法定理Additivity, 可加性Adjusted rate, 调整率Adjusted value, 校正值Admissible error, 容许误差Aggregati on, 聚集性Alter native hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amoun ts, 总量An alysis of correlati on, 相关分析An alysis of covaria nee, 协方差分析An alysis of regressi on, 回归分析准确度accuracy evide nce-based medicine,自我评价self-evaluation 最佳证据best evideneeAbsolute deviatio n, 绝对离差Absolute nu mber, 绝对数Absolute residuals, 绝对残差An alysis of time series, 时间序列分析|An alysis of varia nee, 方差分析An gular tran sformati on, 角转换ANOVA (analysis of varianee ),方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型Arcing, 弧/弧旋Aresi ne tra nsformatio n, 反正弦变换Area un der the curve, 曲线面积AREG ,评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA,季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸Arithmetic mea n, 算术平均数Arrhe nius relati on, 艾恩尼斯关系Assess ing fit, 拟合的评估Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distributi on, 非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficie ncy, 渐近效率Asymptotic varia nee, 渐近方差Attributable risk, 归因危险度Attribute data, 属性资料Attributio n, 属性Autocorrelati on, 自相关Autocorrelati on of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average con fide nee in tervallen gth,平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar graph, 条形图Base period, 基期Bayes' theorem , Bayes 定理Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distributio n, 伯努力分布Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计Bias,偏性Bi nary logistic regressi on, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Bino mial distributi on, 二项分布Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate n ormal distributi on, 双变_________量正态分布Bivariate n ormal populati on, 双变量正态总体Biweight in terval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M 估计量Block,区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP 统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点Canoni cal correlati on, 典型相关Captio n, 纵标目Case-co ntrol study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable, 分类变量Cate nary, 悬链线Cauchy distributio n, 柯西分布I Cause-a nd-effect relati on ship, 因果关系Cell,单元Cen sori ng, 终检Cen ter of symmetry, 对称中心Cen teri ng and scali ng, 中心化和定标Cen tral tendency, 集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID - X Automatic InteractionDetector, 卡方自动交互检测Chan ce,机遇Chance error, 随机误差Cha nee variable, 随机变量Characteristic equati on, 特征方程Characteristic root, 特征根Characteristic vector, 特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test, 卡方检验/ X检验Choleskey decompositi on, 乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class in terval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable, 分类变量Cluster an alysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampli ng, 整群抽样Code,代码Coded data, 编码数据Codi ng,编码Coefficie nt of con ti ngency, 列联系数Coefficie nt of determ in ati on, 决定系数Coefficie nt of multiple correlati on,多重相关系数Coefficie nt of partial correlati on,偏相关系数Coefficie nt of product ion-m ome nt correlatio n,积差相关系数Coefficie nt of rank correlati on, 等级相关系数Coefficie nt of regressi on, 回归系数Coefficie nt of skew ness, 偏度系数Coefficie nt of variati on, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Colum n,列Colum n effect, 列效应Colum n factor, 列因素Comb in ati on pool, 合并Combi native table, 组合表Com mon factor, 共性因子Common regressi on coefficie nt,公共回归系数Com mon value, 共同值Common varia nee, 公共方差Common variati on, 公共变异Commun ality varia nee, 共性方差Comparability, 可比性Comparis on of bathes, 扌批比较Comparis on value, 比较值Compartme nt model, 分部模型Compassi on, 伸缩Compleme nt of an eve nt, 补事件Complete associati on, 完全正相关Complete dissociati on, 完全不相关Complete statistics, 完备统计量Completely ran domized desig n, 完全随机化设计Composite eve nt, 联合事件Composite eve nts, 复合事件Con cavity,凹性Con diti onal expectati on, 条件期望Con ditio nal likelihood, 条件似然Con ditio nal probability, 条件概率Con ditio nally lin ear, 依条件线性Con fide nee in terval, 置信区间Con fide nee limit, 置信限Con fide nee lower limit, 置信下限Con fide nee upper limit, 置信上限Con firmatory Factor An alysis , 验证性因子分析Con firmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor, 混杂因素Conjoi nt, 联合分析Con siste ncy, 相合性Con siste ncy check, 一致性检验Con siste nt asymptotically no rmal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Con siste nt estimate, 相合估计Con stra ined non li near regressi on,受约束非线性回归Con strai nt, 约束Con tam in ated distributi on, 污染分布Con tam in ated Gausssia n, 污染高斯分布Con tam in ated no rmal distributi on,污染正态分布Con tam in ati on, 污染Con tam in ati on model, 污染模型Contingency table, 歹V联表Con tour, 边界线Con tributi on rate, 贡献率Con trol,对照Con trolled experime nts, 对照实验Conven tio nal depth, 常规深度Con voluti on, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean, 校正均值Correctio n coefficie nt, 校正系数Correct ness, 正确性Correlati on coefficie nt, 相关系数Correlati on in dex, 相关指数Corresp ondence, 对应Coun ti ng, 计数Cou nts, 计数/频数Covaria nee, 协方差Covaria nt,共变Cox Regressi on, Cox 回归Criteria for fitti ng, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 扌拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over desig n, 交叉设计Cross-sectio n an alysis, 横断面分析Cross-sectio n survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs , 交叉表Cross-tabulati on table, 复合表Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distributi on function,分布函数Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature, 曲率/弯曲Curvature, 曲率Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitt ing, 曲线拟合Curvili near regressi on, 曲线回归Curvili near relatio n, 曲线关系Cut-a nd-try method, 尝试法Cycle,周期Cyclist,周期性D test, D 检验Data acquisiti on, 资料收集Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量Data deficie ncies, 数据缺乏Data han dli ng, 数据处理Data mani pulatio n, 数据处理Data process ing, 数据处理Data reductio n, 数据缩减Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data tran sformati on, 数据变换Data validity, 数据有效性Data-i n, 数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precisi on, 精密度Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度Degressi on, 递减Den sity fun ctio n, 密度函数Den sity of data poi nts, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/ 依变量/因变量Depe ndent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法Desig n, 设计Determ in acy, 确定性Determi nant, 行列式Determi nant, 决定因素Deviatio n,离差Deviati on from average, 离均差Diag no stic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differe ntial equatio n, 微分方程Direct sta ndardizati on, 直接标准化法Discrete variable, 离散型变量DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discrim inant an alysis, 判别分析Discrim inant coefficie nt, 判别系数Discrim inant fun cti on, 判别值Dispersio n, 散布/分散度Disproportio nal, 不成比例的Disproporti on ate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distributi on shape, 分布形状Distributio n-free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturba nee, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线Double bli nd method, 双盲法Double bli nd trial, 双盲试验Double exp onen tial distributi on,双指数分布Double logarithmic, 双对数Dow nward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图DUD,无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan 新法Effect,实验效应Eige nvalue, 特征值Eige nvector, 特征向量Ellipse,椭圆Empirical distributi on, 经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enu merati on data, 计数资料Equal sun-class nu mber, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivaria nee, 同变性Error,误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I, 第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estima nd, 被估量Estimated error mea n squares, 估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares,估计误差平方和Euclidea n dista nee, 欧式距离Eve nt, 事件Eve nt, 事件Excepti onal data point, 异常数据点Expectati on pla ne, 期望平面Expectati on surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experime nt, 实验Experime ntal sampli ng, 试验抽样Experime ntal un it, 试验单位Expla natory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data an alysis, 探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exp onen tial curve, 指数曲线Expo nen tial growth, 指数式增长EXSMOOTH,指数平滑方法Exte nded fit, 扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolati on, 夕卜推法Extreme observati on,末端观测值Extremes, 极端值/极值 F distributio n, F 分布F test, F 检验Factor,因素/因子Factor an alysis, 因子分析Factor An alysis, 因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial desig n, 析因试验设计False negative, 假阴性False n egative error, 假阴性错误Family of distributi ons, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率Field in vestigati on, 现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Fin ite populati on, 有限总体Fi ni te-sample, 有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First prin cipal comp onent, 第一主成分First quartile, 第一四分位数Fisher in formati on, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitti ng a curve, 曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuatio n, 随机起伏Forecast,预测Four fold table, 四格表Fourth, 四分点Fractio n blow, 左侧比率Fracti onal error, 相对误差Freque ncy, 频率Freque ncy polyg on, 频数多边图Fron tier point, 界限点Fun cti on relati on ship, 泛函关系Gamma distributi on, 伽玛分布Gauss in creme nt, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/ 正态分布Gauss-Newt on in creme nt, 高斯-牛顿增量Gen eral ce nsus, 全面普查GENLOG (Ge neralized linermodels), 广义线性模型Geometric mean, 几何平均数Gi ni's mea n differe nee, 基尼均差GLM (Gen eral li ner models), 通用线性模型Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradie nt of determ inant, 行歹V式的梯度Graeeo-Lat in square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mea n, 总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sen sitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mea n, 假定平均数Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M 估计量Happe nsta nee, 偶然事件Harmonic mean, 调和均数Hazard fun etio n, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率Headi ng, 标目Heavy-tailed distributi on, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heteroge neity, 不同质Heteroge neity of varia nee, 方差不齐Hierarehieal elassifieati on, 组内分组Hierarehieal elusteri ng method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点HILOGLINEAR, *** 列联表的层次对数线性模型Hin ge,折叶点Histogram, 直方图Historieal eohort study, 历史性队列研究Holes,空洞HOMALS,多重响应分析Homoge neity of varia nee, 方差齐性Homoge neity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M 估计量Hyperbola,双曲线Hypothesis testi ng, 假设检验Hypothetieal uni verse, 假设总体Impossible eve nt, 不可能事件In depe ndence, 独立性In depe ndent variable, 自变量Index,指标/指数In direet sta ndardizati on, 间接标准化法In dividual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infin ite populati on, 无限总体Infin itely great, 无穷大Infini tely small, 无穷小In flue nee curve, 影响曲线In formati on capacity, 信息容量In itial con ditio n, 初始条件Ini tial estimate, 初始估计值In itial level, 最初水平In teraetio n, 交互作用In teraetio n terms, 交互作用项In tereept, 截距In terpolatio n, 内插法In terquartile ran ge, 四分位距In terval estimati on, 区间估计In tervals of equal probability,概率区间Intrin sic curvature,In varia nee, 不变性固有曲率In verse matrix, 逆矩阵In verse probability, 逆概率In verse sine tra nsformati on, 反正Least favorable distributi on.利分布Least sig nifica nt differe nee,显著差法最不最小弦变换Iterati on, 迭代Jacobia n determ inant, 雅可比行列Joint distributi on function, 分布函Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distributi on,概率分布联合K means method, 逐步聚类法Kapla n-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kapla n-Merier chart,Kapla n-Merier 图Ken dall's rank correlati on, Ken dall等级相关Kin etic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smir nove test,哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验柯尔莫Kruskal and Wallis test, KruskalWallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis,峰度Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Lati n square, 拉丁方Lat in square desig n,Leakage,泄漏拉丁方设计Least favorable con figurati on,不利构形Least square method, 最小二乘法Least-absolute-residualsestimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit,绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line,小绝对残差线Lege nd,图例L-estimator, L 估计量L-estimator of locati on,L-estimator of scale,Level, 水平最小位置L估计尺度L估计量Life expecta nee, 预期期望寿命Life table, 寿命表Life table method,Light-tailed distributi on,生命表法轻尾分布Likelihood function, Likelihoodratio, 似然比line graph, 线图似然函数Lin ear correlati on,Lin ear equati on,Lin ear program ming,Lin ear regressi on,直线相关线性方程线性规划直线回归Lin ear Regressi on,Lin ear tren d, 线性趋势线性回归Loadi ng, 载荷Locati on and scale equivaria nee,位置尺度同变性Locati on equivaria nee,Locati on in varia nee,位置同变性位置不变性Locati on scale family,Log rank test, 时序检验位置尺度族Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic no rmal distributi on,对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic tran sformatio n, 对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distributi on, 逻辑斯特分布Logit tran sformati on, Logit 转换LOGLINEAR, †‡列联表通用模型Log normal distributi on, 对数正态分布Lost fun ctio n, 损失函数Low correlati on, 低度相关Lower limit, 下限Lowest-atta ined varia nee, 最小可达方差LSD,最小显著差法的简称Lurk ing variable, 潜在变量Main effect, 主效应Major headi ng, 主辞标目Margi nal den sity fun ctio n, 边缘密度函数Margi nal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution,边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distributio n, 匹配过分布Matchi ng of distributio n, 分布的匹配Matchi ng of tran sformatio n, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectati on, 数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Multidime nsio nal Scali ng (ASCAL),‡尺度/*** 标度Mult ino mial Logistic Regressi on , Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L估计量最大Maximum likelihood method,似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares betwee n groups, 组间均方Mean squares withi n group, 组内均方Means (Compare mean s), 均值-均值比较Media n, 中位数Media n effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Media n polish, 中位数平滑Media n test, 中位数检验Mi ni mal sufficie nt statistic, 最小充分统计量Mi nimum dista nee estimati on, 最小距离估计Mi nimum effective dose, 最小有效量Mi nimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Mi nimum varia nee estimator, 最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor headi ng, 宾词标目Missi ng data, 缺失值Model specificatio n, 模型的确定Modeli ng Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers, 离群值模型Modifyi ng the model, 模型的修正Modulus of contin uity, 连续性模Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable con figurati on, 最有利构形多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple lin ear regressi on,性回归Multiplicati on theorem, Multirespo nse,多元响应Multivariate T distributi on,分布Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Natural boun dary, Natural dead, 自然死亡 Natural zero,自然零Negative lin ear correlati on,相关Newma n-Keuls method, q NK method, q 检验No statistical sig nifica nee,意义Noncon sta ncy of variability,的非定常性Non parametric statistics,计Non parametric tests, Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal equati on,正规方程组 Normal ran ges,正常范围Normal value, 正常值 Nuisanee parameter,多余参数 / 讨厌参数Null hypothesis, 无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量 Objective fun ctio n, 目标函数 Observation un it, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test,单侧检验On e-way an alysis of varia nee,单因素方差分析On eway ANOVA ,单因素方差分析Open seque ntial trial,开放型序贯设计Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficie ncy, 优切尾效率 Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories,有序分类Ordi nal logistic regressi on ,序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordi nal variable,有序变量Orthog onal basis, 正交基 Orthog onal desig n,正交试验设计Orthog on ality con diti ons, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点Outliers, 极端值OVERALS ,多组变量的非线性正规相 关Overshoot, 迭代过度Paired desig n,配对设计Paired sample, 配对样本 Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率Multiple comparis on. 多重比较 Multiple correlati on , 复相关 Multiple covaria nee, 多元协方差Multiple resp onse , 多重选项 Multiple soluti ons, 多解乘法定理Multi-stage sampli ng,多阶段抽样Mutual in depe ndence, 互相独立自然边界Negative correlati on, 负相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Nominal variable, 名义变量 Non li near regressi on, 非线性相关多元线多元T负线性检验无统计变异非参数统Non parametric test, 非参数检验 非参数检验Normal distributi on,正态分布Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Partial correlati on, 偏相关Partial regressi on, 偏回归Partial sorting, 偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern,模式Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeli ng,退层Perce nt bar graph, 百分条形图Perce ntage, 百分比Percen tile, 百分位数Percen tile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutati on, 排歹VP-estimator, P 估计量Pie graph,饼图Pitma n estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot, 枢轴量Pla nar,平坦Pla nar assumptio n, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡Point estimati on, 点估计Poiss on distributi on, 泊松分布Polishi ng,平滑Polled sta ndard deviati on, 合并标准差Polled varia nee, 合并方差Polygo n, 多边图Poly no mial, 多项式Poly no mial curve, 多项式曲线Populatio n, 总体Populati on attributable risk, 人群归因危险度Positive correlati on, 正相关Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distributi on, 后验分布Power of a test, 检验效能Precisi on,精密度Predicted value, 预测值Prin cipal comp onent an alysis,成分分析Probabilistic model,probability, 概率Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified ran dom sampli ng, 按比例分层随机抽样Proporti on ate, 成比例Proporti on ate sub-class nu mbers,成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Quadratic approximati on,似Qualitative classificati on,Quan tile-qua ntile plot,Prelim inary an alysis, 预备性分析Prior distributi on,Prior probability,先验分布先验概率概率模型Probability den sity, 概率密度Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudosigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampli ng, 有目的抽样QR decompositio n, QR 分解Qualitative method, 定性方法Profile trace, 截面迹图位数图/Q-Q图二次近属性分类分位数-分Quan titative an alysis, 定量分析Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类Radix sort, 基数排序Ran dom allocatio n, 随机化分组Ran dom blocks desig n, 随机区组设计Ran dom eve nt, 随机事件Ran domizati on, 随机化Ran ge, 极差/全距Rank correlati on, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料Rate,比率Ratio,比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh's test, 雷氏检验方和Rejectio n point, 拒绝点Relative dispersio n, 相对离散度Relative nu mber, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrizati on, 重新设置参数Replicati on, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和Resista nee, 耐抗性Resista nt line, 耐抗线Resista nt tech niq ue, 而寸抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R 估计量R-estimator of scale, 尺度R 估计量Retrospective study, 回顾性调查Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit an alysis, Ridit分析Rotati on,Rounding,Row,行旋转舍入Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC 表Sample,样本Sample regressi on coefficie nt, 样本回归系数Sample size,样本量Sample sta ndard deviati on, 样本标Sampli ng error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical an alysis system ),SAS统计软件包Scale,尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图Schematic plot, 示意图/简图Score test, 计分检验Scree ning, 筛检SEASON,季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second prin cipal comp onent, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equati onmodeli ng), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸Sen sitivity curve, 敏感度曲线Seque ntial an alysis, 贯序分析Seque ntial data set, 顺序数据集Seque ntial desig n, 贯序设计Seque ntial method, 贯序法Seque ntial test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法Sigmoid curve, S 形曲线Sign fun ctio n, 正负号函数Sign test, 符号检验Sig ned ran k, 符号秩Sig nifica nee test, 显著性检验Sign ifica nt figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampli ng, 简单整群抽样Simple correlati on, 简单相关Simple random sampli ng, 简单随机抽样Simple regressi on, 简单回归simple table, 简单表Si ne estimator, 正弦估计量Sin gle-valued estimate, 单值估计Sin gular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distributio n, 偏斜分布Skew ness, 偏度Slash distributio n, 斜线分布Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variati on, 变异来源Spearma n rank correlati on, 斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor varia nee, 特殊因子方差Spectra ,频谱Spherical distributio n, 球型正态分布Spread,展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS 统计软件包Spurious correlati on, 假性相关Square root tran sformatio n, 平方根变换Stabilizi ng varia nee, 无稳定方差Stan dard deviati on, 标准差Stan dard error, 标准误Stan dard error of differe nee, 差另 S 的标准误Stan dard error of estimate, 标准估计误差Sta ndard error of rate, 率的标准误Stan dard no rmal distributi on, 标准正态分布Stan dardizati on, 标准化Starti ng value, 起始值Statistic,统计量Statistical c on trol, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table, 统计表Steepest desce nt,最速下降法Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regressi on, 逐步回归Storage, 存Strata, 层(复数)Stratified sampli ng, 分层抽样Stratified sampli ng, 分层抽样Stre ngth,强度Stri ngen cy, 严密性Structural relati on ship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub-class nu mbers, 次级组含量Subdividi ng, 分割Sufficie nt statistic, 充分统计量Sum of products, 积禾口Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regressi on,回归平方和Sum of squares betwee n groups,组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regressi on, 偏回归平方和Sure eve nt, 必然事件Survey,调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspe nded root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差Systematic sampli ng, 系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail le ngth, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line, 切线Target distributi on, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Tendency of dispersi on, 离散趋势Testi ng of hypotheses, 假设检验Theoretical freque ncy, 理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolera nee in terval, 容忍区间Tolera nee lower limit, 容忍下限Tolera nee upper limit, 容忍上限Torsio n,扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variati on, 总变异Tran sformatio n, 转换Treatme nt, 处理Trend, 趋势Trend of perce ntage, 百分比趋势Trial,试验Trial and error method, 试错法Tuning con sta nt, 细调常数Two sided test, 双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方Two-stage sampli ng, 二阶段抽样Two-tailed test, 双侧检验Two-way an alysis of varia nee, 双因素方差分析Two-way table, 双向表Type I error, 一类错误/ a错误Type II error, 二类错误/卩错误UMVU,方差一致最小无偏估计简称Un biased estimate, 无偏估计Uncon stra ined non li near regression , 无约束非线性回归_Un equal subclass nu mber, 不等次级组含量Un grouped data, 不分组资料Uniform coord in ate, 均匀坐标Uniform distributi on, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance un biased estimate,方差一致最小无偏估计Un it,单元Unordered categories, 无序分类。
循证医学 全英文名解
循证医学evidence-based medicine：(EBP) aims to apply the best available evidence gained from the scientific method to clinical decision making. It seeks to assess the strength of evidence of the risks and benefits of treatments (including lack of treatment) and diagnostic tests. Evidence quality can range from meta-analyses and systematic reviews of double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials at the top end, down to conventional wisdom at the bottom.Meta-分析：Data synthesis, quantitative overview Data analysis A systematic method that uses statistical techniques for combining results from different studies to obtain a quantitative estimate of the overall effect of a particular intervention or variable on a defined outcome; MA produces a stronger conclusion than can be provided by any individual study.系统评价systematic review: is a literature review focused on a research question that tries to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high quality research evidence relevant to that question. Systematic reviews of high-quality randomized controlled trials are crucial to evidence-based medicine.沾染contamination：a condition of being soiled, stained, touched, or otherwise exposed to harmful agents, making an object potentially unsafe for use as intended or without barrier techniques. An example is entry of infectious or toxic materials into a previously clean or sterile environment.干扰comtervention：Test group and a control group of study subjects underwent the test measures other than treatment, thereby artificially affect the efficacy of the test measures.意向性治疗分析intention to treatment，ITT：is an analysis based on the initial treatment intent, not on the treatment eventually administered. ITT analysis is intended to avoid various misleading artifacts that can arise in intervention research.系统分析：analysis of Specific clinical problems, the use of the system, explicitly retrieve the program, screening-related research, rigorous evaluation of the quality of research and the collection and analysis of the data included in the study for qualitative or quantitative synthesis, to draw reliable conclusions.截尾值censored value：Refers to the follow-up process, for some reason failed to clear outcomes observed in patients (i.e. the endpoint events), do not know the exact survival time of the patient, obtained survival time information is not completely临床决策分析clinical decision analysis: the application of clinical, epidemiological and other data to influence outome probability and alternative decisions in such areas as surgery and pharmaceutical treatment.发表偏倚Publication bias: arises from the tendency for researchers, editors, and pharmaceutical companies to handle the reporting of experimental results that are positive differently from results that are negative or inconclusive.随机对照试验randomized controlled trial:An experimental design used for testing the effectiveness of a new medication or a new therapeutic procedure. Individuals are assigned randomly to a treatment group (experimental therapy) and a control group (placebo or standard therapy) and the outcomes are compared. The trial is strengthened by 'blinding' or masking and cross-over design.卫生技术评估Health Technology Assessment:is a multi-disciplinary field of policy analysis that examines the medical, economic, social and ethical implications of the incremental value, diffusion and use of a medical technology in health care.内在真实性internal validity: the extent to which the effects detected in a study are truly caused by the treatment or exposure in the study sample, rather than being due to other biasing effects of extraneous variables.伤害需要病例数number needed to harm (NNH)is an epidemiological measure that indicates how many patients need to be exposed to a risk-factor over a specific period to cause harm in one patient that would not otherwise have been harmed. It is defined as the inverse of the attributable risk.前景问题Foreground questions: ask specific clinical questions that try to find relationships between a patient and their condition, an exposure (therapeutic, diagnostic), and an outcome. They are generally very detailed questions that can best be answered with the information contained in published research studies.背景问题Background questions:ask about fundamentals and facts. They are more general in nature. Background questions can be answered in any collection of factual information (databank), such as a book, practice guideline, or Web site.PICO:acronym for diagnostic questions based on these four areas of knowledge and action: Patient or problem; Intervention, cause, or prognosis; Comparison or control; and Outcome. This evidence-based method is designed tomake a valid, successful decision based on the skills and knowledge of the clinician, the values of the patient, and the best available evidence.决策树decision tree:a systematic method of managing a problem by graphically organizing the probabilities of outcomes of alternative treatments. At each decision node or branch a possible alternative is matched with its relative worth, quality of life, freedom from disability, and other factors on which a prognosis may be based.循证临床实践指南evidence-based CPGs:are a series of recommendations on clinical care, supported by the best available evidence in the clinical literature. a very structured manner by the Institute of Medicine as a “systematically developed statement to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances.”敏感性分析sensitivity analysis: The systematic evaluation of of the same type (test) (containing the Meta-analysis) using two or more different methods, to compare two or more of whether the result of the same process, referred to as a sensitivity analysis. Its purpose is to understand the system evaluation results are stable and reliable.。
(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引
(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引（以首字的汉语拼音为序)A安全性 SafetyB半随机对照试验 quasi— randomized control trial，qRCT背景问题 background questions比值比 odds ratio，OR标准化均数差 standardized mean difference, SMD病例报告 case report病例分析 case analysis病人价值观 patient value (此词删除)病人预期事件发生率 patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学 complementary and alternative medicine, CAM不良事件 adverse event不确定性 uncertaintyCCochrane图书馆 Cochrane Library, CL Cochrane系统评价 Cochrane systematic review, CSRCochrane协作网 Cochrane Collaboration， CC Cox比例风险模型 Cox’ proportional hazard model参考试验偏倚 References test bias肠激惹综合征 irritable bowel syndrome，IRB测量变异 measurement variation成本—效果 cost-effectiveness成本—效果分析 cost—effectiveness analysis成本—效益分析 cost-benefit analysis成本—效用分析 cost—utility analysis成本最小化分析（最小成本分析）cost-minimization analysis重复发表偏倚 Multiple publication bias 传统医学 Traditional Medicine，TMDD—L法 DerSimonian & Laird method发生一例不良反应所需治疗的病例数the number needed to harm one more patients from the therapy，NNH对抗疗法 allopathic medicine，AM对照组中某事件的发生率 control event rate，CER多重发表偏倚 multiple publication bias （删除此词）E二次研究 secondary studies二次研究证据 secondary research evidenceF发表偏倚 publication bias防止1例不良事件发生或得到1例有利结果需要治疗的病例数number needed to treat，NNT非随机同期对照试验 non—randomized concurrent control trial分层随机化 stratified randomization分类变量 categorical variable风险（危险度） riskG干扰 co-intervention工作偏倚 Workup bias固定效应模型 fixed effect model国际临床流行病学网 International Clinical Epidemiology Network, INCLENH灰色文献 grey literature后效评价 reevaluation获益 benefitJ(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引机会结 chance node疾病谱偏倚 Spectrum bias技术特性 Technical properties加权均数差 weighted mean difference, WMD 假阳性率（误诊率） false positive rate假阴性率（漏诊率） false negative rate简单随机化 simple randomization检索策略 search strategy交叉对照研究（交叉设计） crossover design 经济学分析 economic analysis经济学特性 Economic attributes or impacts经验医学 empirical medicine精确性 precision决策结 decision node决策树分析 decision tree analysis绝对获益增加率 absolute benefit increase, ABI 绝对危险度降低率 absolute risk reduction, ARR 绝对危险度增加率 absolute risk increase， ARIK可重复性 repeatability，reproducibility可靠性（信度) reliability可信区间 confidence interval ,CI可信限 confidence limit ，CLLLogistic回归模型 Logistic regression model历史性对照研究 historical control trial利弊比 likelihood of being helped vs harmed，LHH连续性变量 continuous variable临床对照试验 controlled clinical trial， CCT临床结局 clinical outcome临床经济学 clinical economics临床决策分析 clinical decision analysis临床流行病学 clinical epidemiology, CE临床实践指南 clinical practice guidelines, CPG 临床试验 clinical trial 临床研究证据 clinical research evidence临床证据 clinical evidence临床证据手册 handbook of clinical evidence零点 Zero time灵活性 flexibility临界点 Cut off points漏斗图 funnel plots率差(或危险差） rate difference，risk difference,RDMMeta—分析 Meta-analysis敏感度 sensitivity敏感性分析 sensitivity analysis墨克手册 Merck manualN脑卒中病房 Stroke Unit内在真实性 internal validityP偏倚 biasQ起始队列 inception cohort前—后对照研究 before-after study前景问题 foreground questions区组随机化 block randomizationS散点图 scatter plots森林图 forest plots伤残调整寿命年 disability adjusted life year，DALY生存曲线 survival curves生存时间 survival time生存质量（生活质量） quality of life世界卫生组织 World Health Organization, WHO 失安全数 fail—Safe Number试验组某事件发生率 experimental event rate，(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引EER似然比 likelihood Ratio, LR适用性 applicability受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线）receiver operator characteristic curve随机对照临床试验 randomized clinical trials, RCT随机对照试验 randomized control trial, RCT 随机化隐藏 randomization concealment随机效应模型 random effect modelT特异度 specificity同行评价 colleague evaluation统计效能（把握度） power同质性检验 tests for homogeneityW外在真实性 external validity完成治疗分析 per protocol，PP腕管综合征 carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS卫生技术 health technology卫生技术评估 health technology assessment，HTAX系统评价 systematic review, SR相对获益增加率 relative benefit increase, RBI 相对危险度 relative risk,RR相对危险度降低率 relative risk reduction, RRR 相对危险度增加率 relative risk increase, RRI 效果 effectiveness效力 efficacy效应尺度 effect magnitude效应量 effect size序贯试验 sequential trial选择性偏倚 selection bias循证儿科学 evidence-based pediatrics循证妇产科学 evidence—based gynecology & obstetrics循证购买 evidence-based purchasing循证护理 evidence-based nursing循证决策 evidence—based decision—making 循证内科学 evidence-based internal medicine 循证筛选 evidence—based selection循证外科学 evidence-based surgery循证卫生保健 evidence-based health care循证诊断 evidence-based diagnosis循证医学 evidence—based medicine, EBMY亚组分析 subgroup analysis严格评价 critical appraisal验后比 post—test odds验后概率 post-test probability验前比 pre-test odds验前概率 pre—test probability阳性预测值 positive predictive value原始研究 primary studies异质性检验 tests for heterogeneity意向治疗分析 intention-to—treat, ITT阴性预测值 negative predictive value引用偏倚 citation bias尤登指数 Youden’s index语言偏倚 language bias预后 prognosis预后因素 prognostic factor预后指数 prognostic index原始研究证据 primary research evidence原始研究证据来源 primary resourcesZ沾染 contamination真实性(效度） validity诊断参照标准 reference standard of diagnosis 诊断阈值 testing threshold诊断﹣治疗阈值 test—treatment threshold(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引质量调整寿命年 quality adjusted life year，QALY治疗阈值 Treatment threshold准确度 accuracy自我评价 self-evaluation最佳证据 best evidenceAbsolute deviation, 绝对离差Absolute number, 绝对数Absolute residuals，绝对残差Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度Acceleration space dimension，加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential，切向加速度Acceleration vector, 加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis，可接受假设Accumulation，累积Accuracy，准确度Actual frequency，实际频数Adaptive estimator，自适应估计量Addition，相加Addition theorem，加法定理Additivity，可加性Adjusted rate，调整率Adjusted value，校正值Admissible error，容许误差Aggregation, 聚集性Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series，时间序列分析Analysis of variance, 方差分析Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation，反正弦变换Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG ，评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA，季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper，算术格纸Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit，拟合的评估Associative laws，结合律Asymmetric distribution，非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率Asymptotic variance，渐近方差Attributable risk，归因危险度Attribute data，属性资料Attribution，属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length，平均置信区间长度Average growth rate，平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar graph，条形图Base period, 基期Bayes’ theorem , Bayes定理Bell—shaped curve，钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution，伯努力分布Best—trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution, 二项分布Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体Biweight interval，双权区间Biweight M-estimator，双权M估计量Block，区组/配伍组BMDP（Biomedical computer programs）, BMDP统计软件包Boxplots，箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound，崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation，典型相关Caption，纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable，分类变量Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and—effect relationship, 因果关系Cell, 单元Censoring，终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标Central tendency，集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector, 卡方自动交互检测Chance，机遇Chance error, 随机误差Chance variable，随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程Characteristic root，特征根Characteristic vector，特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces，切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test，卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition，乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class interval, 组距Class mid—value，组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable，分类变量Cluster analysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampling, 整群抽样Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据Coding，编码Coefficient of contingency，列联系数Coefficient of determination，决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数Coefficient of production—moment correlation，积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数Coefficient of regression, 回归系数Coefficient of skewness，偏度系数Coefficient of variation, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Column, 列Column effect，列效应Column factor，列因素Combination pool，合并Combinative table，组合表Common factor，共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差Common variation, 公共变异Communality variance，共性方差(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Comparability，可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较Comparison value，比较值Compartment model, 分部模型Compassion，伸缩Complement of an event，补事件Complete association, 完全正相关Complete dissociation, 完全不相关Complete statistics，完备统计量Completely randomized design，完全随机化设计Composite event，联合事件Composite events，复合事件Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation，条件期望Conditional likelihood，条件似然Conditional probability, 条件概率Conditionally linear, 依条件线性Confidence interval, 置信区间Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit，置信下限Confidence upper limit, 置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis ，验证性因子分析Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor，混杂因素Conjoint，联合分析Consistency，相合性Consistency check，一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint，约束Contaminated distribution，污染分布Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution，污染正态分布Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型Contingency table, 列联表Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率Control，对照Controlled experiments，对照实验Conventional depth, 常规深度Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean，校正均值Correction coefficient，校正系数Correctness，正确性Correlation coefficient，相关系数Correlation index, 相关指数Correspondence，对应Counting, 计数Counts, 计数/频数Covariance, 协方差Covariant，共变Cox Regression， Cox回归Criteria for fitting，拟合准则Criteria of least squares，最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design，交叉设计Cross-section analysis，横断面分析Cross-section survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs ，交叉表Cross—tabulation table，复合表Cube root，立方根Cumulative distribution function，分布函数(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature，曲率/弯曲Curvature，曲率Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression，曲线回归Curvilinear relation，曲线关系Cut-and—try method, 尝试法Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性D test, D检验Data acquisition, 资料收集Data bank，数据库Data capacity，数据容量Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏Data handling, 数据处理Data manipulation，数据处理Data processing, 数据处理Data reduction, 数据缩减Data set，数据集Data sources，数据来源Data transformation，数据变换Data validity，数据有效性Data-in，数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time，停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precision，精密度Degree of reliability，可靠性程度Degression，递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points，数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量Dependent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix，导数矩阵Derivative—free methods，无导数方法Design，设计Determinacy，确定性Determinant，行列式Determinant, 决定因素Deviation，离差Deviation from average, 离均差Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization，直接标准化法Discrete variable，离散型变量DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数Discriminant function，判别值Dispersion，散布/分散度Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub—class numbers，不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape，分布形状Distribution—free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve，剂量反应曲线Double blind method, 双盲法Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution，双指数分布Double logarithmic，双对数Downward rank，降秩Dual-space plot，对偶空间图DUD，无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan新法Effect, 实验效应(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Eigenvalue，特征值Eigenvector, 特征向量Ellipse，椭圆Empirical distribution，经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun—class number, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivariance, 同变性Error，误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I，第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estimand，被估量Estimated error mean squares，估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和Euclidean distance，欧式距离Event, 事件Event, 事件Exceptional data point，异常数据点Expectation plane，期望平面Expectation surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling，试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis，探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exponential curve, 指数曲线Exponential growth，指数式增长EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法Extended fit，扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值Extremes，极端值/极值F distribution， F分布F test, F检验Factor，因素/因子Factor analysis，因子分析Factor Analysis，因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design，析因试验设计False negative，假阴性False negative error，假阴性错误Family of distributions, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate，病死率Field investigation，现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体Finite—sample，有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component，第一主成分First quartile，第一四分位数Fisher information, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve，曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏Forecast, 预测Four fold table，四格表Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率Fractional error, 相对误差Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon，频数多边图Frontier point，界限点(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Function relationship, 泛函关系Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布Gauss increment，高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量General census, 全面普查GENLOG （Generalized liner models），广义线性模型Geometric mean，几何平均数Gini's mean difference，基尼均差GLM (General liner models），通用线性模型Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant，行列式的梯度Graeco—Latin square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mean，总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross—error sensitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mean, 假定平均数Half—life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators，汉佩尔M估计量Happenstance，偶然事件Harmonic mean，调和均数Hazard function, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率Heading, 标目Heavy—tailed distribution, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heterogeneity，不同质Heterogeneity of variance，方差不齐Hierarchical classification，组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point，高杠杆率点HILOGLINEAR，＊*＊列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge，折叶点Histogram，直方图Historical cohort study，历史性队列研究Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M—estimators，休伯M估计量Hyperbola，双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验Hypothetical universe, 假设总体Impossible event, 不可能事件Independence，独立性Independent variable，自变量Index，指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体Infinitely great, 无穷大Infinitely small, 无穷小Influence curve，影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量Initial condition, 初始条件Initial estimate, 初始估计值Initial level，最初水平Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms，交互作用项Intercept, 截距Interpolation，内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间Intrinsic curvature，固有曲率Invariance, 不变性Inverse matrix，逆矩阵(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation，反正弦变换Iteration，迭代Jacobian determinant，雅可比行列式Joint distribution function, 分布函数Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution，联合概率分布K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan—Merier chart， Kaplan—Merier图Kendall’s rank correlation， Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫—斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度Lack of fit，失拟Ladder of powers，幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage，泄漏Least favorable configuration，最不利构形Least favorable distribution，最不利分布Least significant difference，最小显著差法Least square method，最小二乘法Least-absolute—residuals estimates，最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least—absolute—residuals line, 最小绝对残差线Legend，图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location，位置L估计量L-estimator of scale，尺度L估计量Level, 水平Life expectance，预期期望寿命Life table，寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function，似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading，载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance，位置不变性Location scale family，位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve，对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution，对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation，对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution，逻辑斯特分布Logit transformation, Logit转换LOGLINEAR, ＊＊*列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation，低度相关Lower limit, 下限(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Lowest—attained variance，最小可达方差LSD，最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable，潜在变量Main effect，主效应Major heading，主辞标目Marginal density function，边缘密度函数Marginal probability，边缘概率Marginal probability distribution，边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布Matching of distribution，分布的匹配Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectation，数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L—estimator，极大极小L 估计量Maximum likelihood method，最大似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares between groups, 组间均方Mean squares within group, 组内均方Means （Compare means），均值—均值比较Median，中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Median polish，中位数平滑Median test，中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator，最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor heading, 宾词标目Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定Modeling Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers，离群值模型Modifying the model, 模型的修正Modulus of continuity，连续性模Morbidity，发病率Most favorable configuration，最有利构形Multidimensional Scaling （ASCAL）, *＊*尺度/**＊标度Multinomial Logistic Regression ，多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较Multiple correlation , 复相关Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归Multiple response , 多重选项Multiple solutions，多解Multiplication theorem，乘法定理Multiresponse，多元响应Multi—stage sampling, 多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution, 多元T分布Mutual exclusive，互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立Natural boundary，自然边界Natural dead，自然死亡Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q检验NK method， q检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义Nominal variable，名义变量Nonconstancy of variability，变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression，非线性相关Nonparametric statistics，非参数统计Nonparametric test，非参数检验Nonparametric tests，非参数检验(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal distribution, 正态分布Normal equation，正规方程组Normal ranges, 正常范围Normal value, 正常值Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis，无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量Objective function, 目标函数Observation unit, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test，单侧检验One-way analysis of variance，单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA ，单因素方差分析Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计Optrim，优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable，有序变量Orthogonal basis，正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN，正交设计Outlier cutoffs，离群值截断点Outliers，极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot，迭代过度Paired design，配对设计Paired sample，配对样本Pairwise slopes，成对斜率Parabola，抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics，参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Partial correlation，偏相关Partial regression, 偏回归Partial sorting，偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern, 模式Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeling，退层Percent bar graph，百分条形图Percentage, 百分比Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutation，排列P—estimator, P估计量Pie graph，饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot，枢轴量Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡Point estimation, 点估计Poisson distribution，泊松分布Polishing，平滑Polled standard deviation，合并标准差Polled variance, 合并方差Polygon, 多边图Polynomial，多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线Population，总体Population attributable risk，人群归因危险度Positive correlation, 正相关Positively skewed，正偏Posterior distribution，后验分布Power of a test，检验效能(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Precision，精密度Predicted value，预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析Principal component analysis，主成分分析Prior distribution, 先验分布Prior probability, 先验概率Probabilistic model，概率模型probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Profile trace, 截面迹图Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling，按比例分层随机抽样Proportionate，成比例Proportionate sub—class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Proximities，亲近性Pseudo F test，近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudosigma，伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样QR decomposition， QR分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似Qualitative classification，属性分类Qualitative method，定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q—Q 图Quantitative analysis, 定量分析Quartile，四分位数Quick Cluster，快速聚类Radix sort，基数排序Random allocation，随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计Random event，随机事件Randomization, 随机化Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data，等级资料Rate，比率Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh's test，雷氏检验Rayleigh's Z，雷氏Z值Reciprocal，倒数Reciprocal transformation，倒数变换Recording，记录Redescending estimators，回降估计量Reducing dimensions，降维Re-expression，重新表达Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square，回归平方和Rejection point，拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度Relative number, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization，重新设置参数Replication，重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和Resistance，耐抗性Resistant line，耐抗线Resistant technique，耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R估计量R—estimator of scale，尺度R估计量Retrospective study，回顾性调查(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit分析Rotation, 旋转Rounding，舍入Row，行Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC表Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient，样本回归系数Sample size，样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差Sampling error，抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS统计软件包Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram，散点图Schematic plot，示意图/简图Score test，计分检验Screening，筛检SEASON，季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM （Structural equation modeling）, 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper，半对数格纸Sensitivity curve，敏感度曲线Sequential analysis，贯序分析Sequential data set, 顺序数据集Sequential design, 贯序设计Sequential method，贯序法Sequential test，贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short—cut method，简捷法Sigmoid curve， S形曲线Sign function, 正负号函数Sign test，符号检验Signed rank, 符号秩Significance test, 显著性检验Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling，简单整群抽样Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样Simple regression，简单回归simple table，简单表Sine estimator，正弦估计量Single—valued estimate, 单值估计Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布Skewness，偏度Slash distribution，斜线分布Slope，斜率Smirnov test，斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation，变异来源Spearman rank correlation，斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor，特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布Spread，展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science）, SPSS统计软件包Spurious correlation，假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差Standard deviation，标准差Standard error，标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误Standard error of estimate，标准估计误差Standard error of rate, 率的标准误(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布Standardization, 标准化Starting value, 起始值Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table，统计表Steepest descent，最速下降法Stem and leaf display，茎叶图Step factor，步长因子Stepwise regression，逐步回归Storage，存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling，分层抽样Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Strength, 强度Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship，结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub—class numbers，次级组含量Subdividing，分割Sufficient statistic，充分统计量Sum of products，积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression，偏回归平方和Sure event, 必然事件Survey，调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error，系统误差Systematic sampling，系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail length, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line，切线Target distribution, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势Testing of hypotheses，假设检验Theoretical frequency，理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval，容忍区间Tolerance lower limit，容忍下限Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限Torsion，扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variation, 总变异Transformation，转换Treatment，处理Trend，趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势Trial，试验Trial and error method，试错法Tuning constant, 细调常数Two sided test，双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方Two-stage sampling，二阶段抽样Two—tailed test，双侧检验Two—way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析Two—way table，双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误Type II error，二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称Unbiased estimate，无偏估计(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Unconstrained nonlinear regression ，无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number，不等次级组含量Ungrouped data，不分组资料Uniform coordinate，均匀坐标Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate，方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories，无序分类Upper limit, 上限Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept，模糊概念Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation)，方差元素估计Variability, 变异性Variable，变量Variance, 方差Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation，方差最大正交旋转Volume of distribution，容积W test， W检验Weibull distribution，威布尔分布Weight，权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran检验Weighted linear regression method，加权直线回归Weighted mean，加权平均数Weighted mean square，加权平均方差Weighted sum of square，加权平方和Weighting coefficient, 权重系数Weighting method, 加权法W-estimation, W估计量W-estimation of location，位置W估计量Width，宽度Wilcoxon paired test, 威斯康星配对法/配对符号秩和检验Wild point, 野点/狂点Wild value, 野值/狂值Winsorized mean，缩尾均值Withdraw，失访Youden's index, 尤登指数Z test, Z检验Zero correlation，零相关Z—transformation， Z变换安全性， Safety半随机对照试验, quasi— randomized control trial,qRCT背景问题, background questions比值比， odds ratio，OR标准化均数差, standardized mean difference，SMD病例报告， case report病例分析, case analysis病人价值观, patient value （此词删除）病人预期事件发生率, patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学, complementary and alternative medicine， CAM不良事件， adverse event不确定性， uncertaintyCochrane图书馆, Cochrane Library， CL Cochrane系统评价, Cochrane systematic review， CSRCochrane协作网， Cochrane Collaboration，CCCox比例风险模型, Cox’ proportional hazard model参考试验偏倚， References test bias肠激惹综合征, irritable bowel syndrome,IRB 测量变异， measurement variation。
循证医学名词解释
1.循证医学evidence-based medicine：慎重准备和明智的应用所能获得的最好研究证据来确定患者的治疗措施，是最好的研究证据与临床医生技能，经验和病人的期望，价值观三者之间完美的结合，核心是医疗决策应尽量以客观研究结果为依据。
2.Meta-分析：狭义，是将系统评价中的多个不同结果的同类研究合并为一个量化指标的统计方法，广义是用定量的方法汇总多个研究结果的系统评价方法3.依从性compliance：指研究对象按研究要求执行医嘱的客观应答程度4.向均数回归regression of the mean：指某些具有异常测量指标的患者即使不接受治疗，在其后续连续性测量中这些指标也有向正常值接近的趋势5.沾染contamination：是指对照组研究对象有意或无意接受了试验组的治疗，沾染会使试验组和对照组间存在差异减少6.干扰comtervention：是试验组和对照组的研究对象接受了试验措施以外的其他处理，从而人为的影响试验措施的疗效。
7.失访：为了反映研究的真实情况，在理想状况下，所有研究对象均完成试验并取得相关数据，但实际上研究对象的迁徙，流动或死亡等因素可能导致部分研究对象不能完成试验或研究者不能得到相关数据8.盲法blind：资料分析者可能因为知道患者的分组情况而歪曲研究结果，为了避免这种情况结合试验特点，邀请参与临床试验的研究者（干预措施执行者，结合测量者），资料分析者或研究对象均不知道研究对象所在的组，也不知道接受的是试验措施还是对照措施，这种情况称盲法，根据盲的对象不同，一般将盲法分为单盲，双盲或三盲9.分配方案隐藏allocation concealment：指研究者按随机方法产生的分配序列分配患者，研究对象和参与分组的研究人员均不能预先知道分配方案，以防止研究人员在纳入患者时产生选择偏倚10.意向性治疗分析intention to treatment，ITT：指在统计分析中包括所有纳入随机分配的研究对象，且不论研究对象最终是否接受研究开始时分配他的治疗，都按原来的分组分析结果，称意向性治疗分析11.系统分析：是针对具体临床问题，运用系统，明确的方案检索，筛选相关研究，对研究质量进行严格评价，并收集，分析纳入研究的数据进行定性或定量合成，得出可靠结论的研究方法。
医学中英文名词对照解释
中英文名词对照
A 阿托品 atropine B 暴发性肝衰竭 fulminant hepatic railure,FHF 必需氨基酸 essential amino acid, EAA C 插入式腹部加压心肺复苏 interposed abdominal counterpulsation,IAC-CPR 肠内营养 enteral nutrition,EN 肠外营养 parenteral nutrition,PN 潮气量 tidal volume,VT 潮式腹膜透析 tidal peritoneal dialysis,TPD 持续性不卧床腹膜透析 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,CAPD 持续性环式腹膜透析 continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis,CCPD 创伤 trauma 创伤记分 trauma score,TS 创伤指数 trauma index,TI 存活概率 probability of surcarbonate 糖尿病 diabetes mellitus
糖尿病高渗性非酮症昏迷 hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma 糖尿病酮症酸中毒 diabetic ketoacidosis,DKA 体表丢失氮 integumental N,IN 体表面积 body surface area,BSA 体循环血管阻力systemic vascular resistance,SVR 体液丢失氮 body fluid N losses,BFN 体重 body weight,BW 体重指数 body mass index,BMI 通气量 ventilation volume,VE W 外周静脉营养 peripheral parenteral nutrition,PPN 完全胃肠外营养 total parenteral nutrition,TPN 微型营养评定 mini-nutritional assessment,MNA 无创血压监测 noninvasive blood pressure,NIBP X 细菌移位 bacterial translocation 心电-机械分离 electro-mechanical dissociation,EMD 心电图 electrocardiogram,ECG 心肺复苏术 cardio-pulmonary resuscitation,CPR 心肺脑复苏 cardio-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation,CPCR 心肌耗氧 MVO2 心率 heart rate,HR
循证医学名词术语中英文对照
循证医学名词术语中英文对照安全性Safety半随机对照试验quasi- randomized control trial，qRCT背景问题background questions比值比odds ratio，OR标准化均数差standardized mean difference, SMD病例报告case report病例分析case analysis病人价值观patient value病人预期事件发生率patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学complementary and alternative medicine, CAM 不良事件adverse event不确定性uncertaintyCochrane图书馆Cochrane Library, CLCochrane系统评价Cochrane systematic review, CSR Cochrane协作网Cochrane Collaboration, CCCox比例风险模型Cox’ proportional hazard model参考试验偏倚References test bias肠激惹综合征irritable bowel syndrome，IRB测量变异measurement variation成本-效果cost-effectiveness成本-效果分析cost-effectiveness analysis成本-效益分析cost-benefit analysis成本-效用分析cost-utility analysis成本最小化分析（最小成本分析）cost-minimization analysis重复发表偏倚Multiple publication bias传统医学Traditional Medicine，TMD—L法DerSimonian & Laird methodthe number needed to harm one more patients from the therapy，NNH 对抗疗法allopathic medicine，AM对照组中某事件的发生率control event rate，CER多重发表偏倚multiple publication bias二次研究secondary studies二次研究证据secondary research evidence发表偏倚publication biasnumber needed to treat，NNT非随机同期对照试验non-randomized concurrent control trial分层随机化stratified randomization分类变量categorical variable风险（危险度）risk干扰co-intervention工作偏倚Workup bias固定效应模型fixed effect model国际临床流行病学网International Clinical Epidemiology Network, INCLEN灰色文献grey literature后效评价reevaluation获益benefit机会结chance node疾病谱偏倚Spectrum bias技术特性Technical properties加权均数差weighted mean difference, WMD 假阳性率（误诊率）false positive rate假阴性率（漏诊率）false negative rate简单随机化simple randomization检索策略search strategy交叉对照研究（交叉设计）crossover design 经济学分析economic analysis经济学特性Economic attributes or impacts经验医学empirical medicine精确性precision决策结decision node决策树分析decision tree analysis绝对获益增加率absolute benefit increase, ABI 绝对危险度降低率absolute risk reduction, ARR 绝对危险度增加率absolute risk increase, ARI 可重复性repeatability，reproducibility可靠性（信度）reliability可信区间confidence interval ，CI可信限confidence limit ，CLLogistic回归模型Logistic regression model历史性对照研究historical control trial利弊比likelihood of being helped vs harmed, LHH连续性变量continuous variable临床对照试验controlled clinical trial, CCT临床结局clinical outcome临床经济学clinical economics临床决策分析clinical decision analysis临床流行病学clinical epidemiology, CE临床实践指南clinical practice guidelines, CPG临床试验clinical trial临床研究证据clinical research evidence临床证据clinical evidence临床证据手册handbook of clinical evidence零点Zero time灵活性flexibility临界点Cut off points漏斗图funnel plots率差（或危险差）rate difference，risk difference，RDMeta-分析Meta-analysis敏感度sensitivity敏感性分析sensitivity analysis墨克手册Merck manual脑卒中病房Stroke Unit内在真实性internal validity偏倚bias起始队列inception cohort前-后对照研究before-after study前景问题foreground questions区组随机化block randomization散点图scatter plots森林图forest plots伤残调整寿命年disability adjusted life year，DALY 生存曲线survival curves生存时间survival time生存质量（生活质量）quality of life世界卫生组织World Health Organization, WHO失安全数fail-Safe Number试验组某事件发生率experimental event rate，EER 似然比likelihood Ratio, LR适用性applicability受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）receiver operator characteristic curve 随机对照临床试验randomized clinical trials, RCT随机对照试验randomized control trial, RCT随机化隐藏randomization concealment随机效应模型random effect model特异度specificity同行评价colleague evaluation统计效能（把握度）power同质性检验tests for homogeneity外在真实性external validity完成治疗分析per protocol，PP腕管综合征carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS卫生技术health technology卫生技术评估health technology assessment, HTA系统评价systematic review, SR相对获益增加率relative benefit increase, RBI相对危险度relative risk，RR相对危险度降低率relative risk reduction, RRR相对危险度增加率relative risk increase, RRI效果effectiveness效力efficacy效应尺度effect magnitude效应量effect size序贯试验sequential trial选择性偏倚selection bias循证儿科学evidence-based pediatrics循证妇产科学evidence-based gynecology & obstetrics 循证购买evidence-based purchasing循证护理evidence-based nursing循证决策evidence-based decision-making循证内科学evidence-based internal medicine循证筛选evidence-based selection循证外科学evidence-based surgery循证卫生保健evidence-based health care循证诊断evidence-based diagnosis循证医学evidence-based medicine, EBM亚组分析subgroup analysis严格评价critical appraisal验后比post-test odds验后概率post-test probability验前比pre-test odds验前概率pre-test probability阳性预测值positive predictive value原始研究primary studies异质性检验tests for heterogeneity意向治疗分析intention-to-treat, ITT阴性预测值negative predictive value引用偏倚citation bias尤登指数Youden’s index语言偏倚language bias预后prognosis预后因素prognostic factor预后指数prognostic index原始研究证据primary research evidence原始研究证据来源primary resources沾染contamination真实性（效度）validity诊断参照标准reference standard of diagnosis。
循证医学名词术语中英文对照
循证医学名词术语中英文对照安全性Safety半随机对照试验quasi- randomized control trial，qRCT背景问题background questions比值比odds ratio，OR标准化均数差standardized mean difference, SMD病例报告case report病例分析case analysis病人价值观patient value病人预期事件发生率patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学complementary and alternative medicine, CAM 不良事件adverse event不确定性uncertaintyCochrane图书馆Cochrane Library, CLCochrane系统评价Cochrane systematic review, CSR Cochrane协作网Cochrane Collaboration, CCCox比例风险模型Cox’ proportional hazard model参考试验偏倚References test bias肠激惹综合征irritable bowel syndrome，IRB测量变异measurement variation成本-效果cost-effectiveness成本-效果分析cost-effectiveness analysis成本-效益分析cost-benefit analysis成本-效用分析cost-utility analysis成本最小化分析（最小成本分析）cost-minimization analysis重复发表偏倚Multiple publication bias传统医学Traditional Medicine，TMD—L法DerSimonian & Laird methodthe number needed to harm one more patients from the therapy，NNH 对抗疗法allopathic medicine，AM对照组中某事件的发生率control event rate，CER多重发表偏倚multiple publication bias二次研究secondary studies二次研究证据secondary research evidence发表偏倚publication biasnumber needed to treat，NNT非随机同期对照试验non-randomized concurrent control trial分层随机化stratified randomization分类变量categorical variable风险（危险度）risk干扰co-intervention工作偏倚Workup bias固定效应模型fixed effect model国际临床流行病学网International Clinical Epidemiology Network, INCLEN灰色文献grey literature后效评价reevaluation获益benefit机会结chance node疾病谱偏倚Spectrum bias技术特性Technical properties加权均数差weighted mean difference, WMD 假阳性率（误诊率）false positive rate假阴性率（漏诊率）false negative rate简单随机化simple randomization检索策略search strategy交叉对照研究（交叉设计）crossover design 经济学分析economic analysis经济学特性Economic attributes or impacts经验医学empirical medicine精确性precision决策结decision node决策树分析decision tree analysis绝对获益增加率absolute benefit increase, ABI 绝对危险度降低率absolute risk reduction, ARR 绝对危险度增加率absolute risk increase, ARI 可重复性repeatability，reproducibility可靠性（信度）reliability可信区间confidence interval ，CI可信限confidence limit ，CLLogistic回归模型Logistic regression model历史性对照研究historical control trial利弊比likelihood of being helped vs harmed, LHH连续性变量continuous variable临床对照试验controlled clinical trial, CCT临床结局clinical outcome临床经济学clinical economics临床决策分析clinical decision analysis临床流行病学clinical epidemiology, CE临床实践指南clinical practice guidelines, CPG临床试验clinical trial临床研究证据clinical research evidence临床证据clinical evidence临床证据手册handbook of clinical evidence零点Zero time灵活性flexibility临界点Cut off points漏斗图funnel plots率差（或危险差）rate difference，risk difference，RDMeta-分析Meta-analysis敏感度sensitivity敏感性分析sensitivity analysis墨克手册Merck manual脑卒中病房Stroke Unit内在真实性internal validity偏倚bias起始队列inception cohort前-后对照研究before-after study前景问题foreground questions区组随机化block randomization散点图scatter plots森林图forest plots伤残调整寿命年disability adjusted life year，DALY 生存曲线survival curves生存时间survival time生存质量（生活质量）quality of life世界卫生组织World Health Organization, WHO失安全数fail-Safe Number试验组某事件发生率experimental event rate，EER 似然比likelihood Ratio, LR适用性applicability受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）receiver operator characteristic curve 随机对照临床试验randomized clinical trials, RCT随机对照试验randomized control trial, RCT随机化隐藏randomization concealment随机效应模型random effect model特异度specificity同行评价colleague evaluation统计效能（把握度）power同质性检验tests for homogeneity外在真实性external validity完成治疗分析per protocol，PP腕管综合征carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS卫生技术health technology卫生技术评估health technology assessment, HTA系统评价systematic review, SR相对获益增加率relative benefit increase, RBI相对危险度relative risk，RR相对危险度降低率relative risk reduction, RRR相对危险度增加率relative risk increase, RRI效果effectiveness效力efficacy效应尺度effect magnitude效应量effect size序贯试验sequential trial选择性偏倚selection bias循证儿科学evidence-based pediatrics循证妇产科学evidence-based gynecology & obstetrics 循证购买evidence-based purchasing循证护理evidence-based nursing循证决策evidence-based decision-making循证内科学evidence-based internal medicine循证筛选evidence-based selection循证外科学evidence-based surgery循证卫生保健evidence-based health care循证诊断evidence-based diagnosis循证医学evidence-based medicine, EBM亚组分析subgroup analysis严格评价critical appraisal验后比post-test odds验后概率post-test probability验前比pre-test odds验前概率pre-test probability阳性预测值positive predictive value原始研究primary studies异质性检验tests for heterogeneity意向治疗分析intention-to-treat, ITT阴性预测值negative predictive value引用偏倚citation bias尤登指数Youden’s index语言偏倚language bias预后prognosis预后因素prognostic factor预后指数prognostic index原始研究证据primary research evidence原始研究证据来源primary resources沾染contamination真实性（效度）validity诊断参照标准reference standard of diagnosis。
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循证医学名词术语中英文对照安全性Safety半随机对照试验quasi- randomized control trial，qRCT背景问题background questions比值比odds ratio，OR标准化均数差standardized mean difference, SMD病例报告case report病例分析case analysis病人价值观patient value病人预期事件发生率patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学complementary and alternative medicine, CAM 不良事件adverse event不确定性uncertaintyCochrane图书馆Cochrane Library, CLCochrane系统评价Cochrane systematic review, CSR Cochrane协作网Cochrane Collaboration, CCCox比例风险模型Cox’ proportional hazard model参考试验偏倚References test bias肠激惹综合征irritable bowel syndrome，IRB测量变异measurement variation成本-效果cost-effectiveness成本-效果分析cost-effectiveness analysis成本-效益分析cost-benefit analysis成本-效用分析cost-utility analysis成本最小化分析（最小成本分析）cost-minimization analysis重复发表偏倚Multiple publication bias传统医学Traditional Medicine，TMD—L法DerSimonian & Laird methodthe number needed to harm one more patients from the therapy，NNH 对抗疗法allopathic medicine，AM对照组中某事件的发生率control event rate，CER多重发表偏倚multiple publication bias二次研究secondary studies二次研究证据secondary research evidence发表偏倚publication biasnumber needed to treat，NNT非随机同期对照试验non-randomized concurrent control trial分层随机化stratified randomization分类变量categorical variable风险（危险度）risk干扰co-intervention工作偏倚Workup bias固定效应模型fixed effect model国际临床流行病学网International Clinical Epidemiology Network, INCLEN灰色文献grey literature后效评价reevaluation获益benefit机会结chance node疾病谱偏倚Spectrum bias技术特性Technical properties加权均数差weighted mean difference, WMD 假阳性率（误诊率）false positive rate假阴性率（漏诊率）false negative rate简单随机化simple randomization检索策略search strategy交叉对照研究（交叉设计）crossover design 经济学分析economic analysis经济学特性Economic attributes or impacts经验医学empirical medicine精确性precision决策结decision node决策树分析decision tree analysis绝对获益增加率absolute benefit increase, ABI 绝对危险度降低率absolute risk reduction, ARR 绝对危险度增加率absolute risk increase, ARI 可重复性repeatability，reproducibility可靠性（信度）reliability可信区间confidence interval ，CI可信限confidence limit ，CLLogistic回归模型Logistic regression model历史性对照研究historical control trial利弊比likelihood of being helped vs harmed, LHH连续性变量continuous variable临床对照试验controlled clinical trial, CCT临床结局clinical outcome临床经济学clinical economics临床决策分析clinical decision analysis临床流行病学clinical epidemiology, CE临床实践指南clinical practice guidelines, CPG临床试验clinical trial临床研究证据clinical research evidence临床证据clinical evidence临床证据手册handbook of clinical evidence零点Zero time灵活性flexibility临界点Cut off points漏斗图funnel plots率差（或危险差）rate difference，risk difference，RDMeta-分析Meta-analysis敏感度sensitivity敏感性分析sensitivity analysis墨克手册Merck manual脑卒中病房Stroke Unit内在真实性internal validity偏倚bias起始队列inception cohort前-后对照研究before-after study前景问题foreground questions区组随机化block randomization散点图scatter plots森林图forest plots伤残调整寿命年disability adjusted life year，DALY 生存曲线survival curves生存时间survival time生存质量（生活质量）quality of life世界卫生组织World Health Organization, WHO失安全数fail-Safe Number试验组某事件发生率experimental event rate，EER 似然比likelihood Ratio, LR适用性applicability受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）receiver operator characteristic curve 随机对照临床试验randomized clinical trials, RCT随机对照试验randomized control trial, RCT随机化隐藏randomization concealment随机效应模型random effect model特异度specificity同行评价colleague evaluation统计效能（把握度）power同质性检验tests for homogeneity外在真实性external validity完成治疗分析per protocol，PP腕管综合征carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS卫生技术health technology卫生技术评估health technology assessment, HTA系统评价systematic review, SR相对获益增加率relative benefit increase, RBI相对危险度relative risk，RR相对危险度降低率relative risk reduction, RRR相对危险度增加率relative risk increase, RRI效果effectiveness效力efficacy效应尺度effect magnitude效应量effect size序贯试验sequential trial选择性偏倚selection bias循证儿科学evidence-based pediatrics循证妇产科学evidence-based gynecology & obstetrics 循证购买evidence-based purchasing循证护理evidence-based nursing循证决策evidence-based decision-making循证内科学evidence-based internal medicine循证筛选evidence-based selection循证外科学evidence-based surgery循证卫生保健evidence-based health care循证诊断evidence-based diagnosis循证医学evidence-based medicine, EBM亚组分析subgroup analysis严格评价critical appraisal验后比post-test odds验后概率post-test probability验前比pre-test odds验前概率pre-test probability阳性预测值positive predictive value原始研究primary studies异质性检验tests for heterogeneity意向治疗分析intention-to-treat, ITT阴性预测值negative predictive value引用偏倚citation bias尤登指数Youden’s index语言偏倚language bias预后prognosis预后因素prognostic factor预后指数prognostic index原始研究证据primary research evidence原始研究证据来源primary resources沾染contamination真实性（效度）validity诊断参照标准reference standard of diagnosis。