中国历史第58课测试卷

中国历史第五十八课测试卷姓名：日期：分数：课题：第二次鸦片战争一、多项选择题（20题，每小题3分，共60分）1．1854年，英、法曾向清政府提出了“修约”的要求，结果遭到拒绝，英法暂时把修约要求搁置在一边，没有立即向清朝发动侵略战争，其主要原因是当时（）A．太平天国运动兴起，英、法“中立”以观察形势B．其他列强的干涉牵制C．英、法、美意见不统一D．英、法两国忙于克里米亚战争2．英国发动第二次鸦片战争的借口是（）A．马神甫事件B．亚罗号事件C．保护侨民D．马嘉理事件3．在第二次鸦片战争期间，以“调停”面目出现、实则支持纵容侵略的两个国家是（）A．俄国、美国B．日本、俄国C．日本、美国D．德国、俄国4．第二次鸦片战争时期，清朝在位的皇帝是（）A．嘉庆帝B．咸丰帝C．道光帝D．同治帝5．规定外国公使可以进驻北京的不平等条约是（）A．《北京条约》B．《瑷珲条约》C．《天津条约》D．《黄埔条约》6．《天津条约》增开的通商口岸是（）A．汉口、南京等十处B．天津、南京等十处C．广州、福州等五处D．苏州、杭州等四处7．下列通商口岸中，哪一个是在第二次鸦片战争中开辟的（）A．广州B．福州C．琼州D．温州8．台湾是我国领土不可分割的一部分，中国历史上开埠通商最先涉及到台湾省是在（）A．鸦片战争中B．第二次鸦片战争中C．中法战争中D．甲午中日战争中9．第二次鸦片战争后，外国军舰和商船沿长江最远可达到（）A．安庆B．九江C．镇江D．汉口10．外国传教士在中国传教的自由由通商口岸发展到内地，这一规定分别记录在哪两个条约中（）A．《虎门条约》和《天津条约》B．《黄埔条约》和《北京条约》C．《望厦条约》和《天津条约》D．《五口通商章程》和《北京条约》11．清代皇帝在北京西郊建造的中西合璧的皇家园林圆明园是（）A．在鸦片战争中被英国毁掉的B．在第二次鸦片战争中被英国和法国毁掉的C．在甲午中日战争中被日本毁掉的D．在八国联军侵华战争中被八国毁掉的12．马克思说第二次鸦片战争是“海盗式”的扩张，下列哪一项最能说明这一点（）A．英法联合侵华，俄国和美国表面“调停”，实际支持英国和法国B．《天津条约》中规定外国商船军舰可以到长江各口岸自由航行C．抢劫并烧毁圆明园D．增加通商口岸，扩大商品输出13．我国当代一位著名的文化学者说：“废墟是昨天派往今天的使者，废墟让我们把地理读成历史。

”从右图所示的废墟中，我们可以解读的历史是（）A．英法联军攻占北京B．近代中国大门被打开C．洋务运动破产D．义和团抗击八国联军14．参观完圆明园的遗址后，你最大的感想应是（）①落后就要挨打；②战争是破坏文明的罪魁；③维护和平，反对战争是我们的责任；④袁世凯早该被打倒；A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②④15．见下图，第二次鸦片战争俄国强迫中国签订了一系列不平等条约，图中的A、B、C割占的中国领土应是多少平方公里（）A．60多万、44 万多、约40万B．44万多、约40万、60多万C．44万多、60 多万、约40万D．60多万、约40万、44万多16．割占中国东北外兴安岭以南，黑龙江以北大片土地的条约是（）A．《中俄勘分西北界约记》B．中俄《北京条约》C．中俄《瑷珲条约》D．《中俄改订条约》17．恩格斯说，不费一枪一弹“从中国夺取了一块大小等于法德两国面积的领土和一条同多瑙河一样长的河流”，这个国家是（）A．英国B．日本C．法国D．俄国18．第二次鸦片战争结束的标志是（）A．《天津条约》的签订B．《北京条约》的签订C．慈禧太后发动辛酉政变D．英法联军占领广州19．两次鸦片战争在本质上的相似之处是（）A．外国侵略者以武力挫败了清政府的抵抗B．勒索大量赔款C．直接威胁清朝统治中心地区D．有利于外国侵略者占据中国市场和掠夺中国财富20．两次鸦片战争后，中国社会发生哪些变化（）①白银外流严重；②清政府权力结构发生变化；③闭关锁国大门被打开；④一部分官绅开始向西方学习；A．①②③④B．①②③C．②③④D．①②④二、材料解析题（1题，共20分）21．阅读下列材料，回答问题：Two robbers breaking into a museum, devastating, looting and burning, leaving laughing hand-in-hand with their bags full of treasures; one of the robbers is called France and the other Britain.You ask my opinion, Sir, about the China expedition. You consider this expedition to be honourable and glorious, and you have the kindness to attach some consideration to my feelings; according to you, the China expedition, carried out jointly under the flags of Queen Victoria and the Emperor Napoleon, is a glory to be shared between France and England, and you wish to know how much approval I feel I can give to this English and French victory.Since you wish to know my opinion, here it is: There was, in a corner of the world, a wonder of the world; this wonder was called the Summer Palace. Art has two principles, the Idea, which produces European art, and the Chimera, which produces oriental art. The Summer Palace was to chimerical art what the Parthenon is to ideal art. All that can be begotten of the imagination of an almost extra-human people was there. It was not a single, unique work like the Parthenon. It was a kind of enormous model of the chimera, if the chimera can have a model. Imagine some inexpressible construction, something like a lunar building, and you will have the Summer Palace. Build a dream with marble, jade, bronze and porcelain, frame it with cedar wood, cover it with precious stones, drape it with silk, make ithere a sanctuary, there a harem, elsewhere a citadel, put gods there, and monsters, varnish it, enamel it, gild it, paint it, have architects who are poets build the thousand and one dreams of the thousand and one nights, add gardens, basins, gushing water and foam, swans, ibis, peacocks, suppose in a word a sort of dazzling cavern of human fantasy with the face of a temple and palace, such was this building. The slow work of generations had been necessary to create it. This edifice, as enormous as a city, had been built by the centuries, for whom? For the peoples. For the work of time belongs to man. Artists, poets and philosophers knew the Summer Palace; V oltaire talks of it. People spoke of the Parthenon in Greece, the pyramids in Egypt, the Coliseum in Rome, Notre-Dame in Paris, the Summer Palace in the Orient. If people did not see it they imagined it. It was a kind of tremendous unknown masterpiece, glimpsed from the distance in a kind of twilight, like a silhouette of the civilization of Asia on the horizon of the civilization of Europe.This wonder has disappeared. One day two bandits entered the Summer Palace. One plundered, the other burned. Victory can be a thieving woman, or so it seems. The devastation of the Summer Palace was accomplished by the two victors acting jointly. Mixed up in all this is the name of Elgin, which inevitably calls to mind the Parthenon. What was done to the Parthenon was done to the Summer Palace, more thoroughly and better, so that nothing of it should be left. All the treasures of all our cathedrals put together could not equal this formidable and splendid museum of the Orient. It contained not only masterpieces of art, but masses of jewelry. What a great exploit, what a windfall! One of the two victors filled his pockets; when the other saw this he filled his coffers. And back they came to Europe, arm in arm, laughing away. Such is the story of the two bandits.We Europeans are the civilized ones, and for us the Chinese are the barbarians. This is what civilization has done to barbarism. Before history, one of the two bandits will be called France; the other will be called England. But I protest, and I thank you for giving me the opportunity! the crimes of those who lead are not the fault of those who are led; Governments are sometimes bandits, peoples never.The French empire has pocketed half of this victory, and today with a kind of proprietorial naivety it displays the splendid bric-a-brac of the Summer Palace. I hope that a day will come when France, delivered and cleansed, will return this booty to despoiled China. Meanwhile, there is a theft and two thieves. I take note. This, Sir, is how much approval I give to the China expedition.——Victor Hugo《The sack of the Summer Palace》（1）根据材料和所学内容，试列举第二次鸦片战争期间英法联军火烧圆明园的侵略史实。