新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解--短语、词组归纳

新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解
短语、词组归纳
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。

复习时应分类处理：
一、动词+介词
1．look at…看…，look like …看上去像……，
look after …照料…
2．listen to…听……
3．welcome to…欢迎到……
4．say hello to …向……问好
5．speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。

如：
This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)
This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：A．动词（vt.）+副词
1．put on 穿上 2．take off脱下 3．write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。

试比较：
First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√) First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)
First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)
B．动词（vi）+副词。

1．come on赶快
2．get up起床
3．go home回家
4．come in进来
5．sit down坐下
6．stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。

三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door
2.1ook the same
3.go to work/class
4.be ill
5.have a look/seat
6.have supper
7.1ook young
8.go shopping
9.watch TV/games
10. play games
介词短语聚焦
“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。

现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。

1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。

如：in English，in the hat
2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。

3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。

4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedro om 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。

5．in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。

如：There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6．in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。

如：There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7．at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。

8．at + 时刻表示钟点。

如：at six, at half , past ten.
9．like this/that表示方式，意为“像……这/那样”。

10．of短语表示所属关系。

如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11．behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。

如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.
12．from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从……”，后者意为“到……”。

如：from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work. 另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。

如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike 等。

重点句型大回放
1．I think…意为“我认为……”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。

其否定式常用I don’t think…，如：I think he’s Mr Zhinag. (L17)I don’t think you are right.
2．give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth.意为“把……给……”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如：
His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)
3．take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”，后常接地点，也可接人。

如：Please take the new books to the classroom.
4．One…, the other…/One is…and on e is…意为“一个是……；另一个是……”，必须是两者中。

如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey.
5．Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Don’t let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，如：Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.
6．help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换。

如：Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it. 7．What about…？/How about…？意为“……怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的
观点、意见、看法等。

about为介词，其后
须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。

如：What/How playing chess?
8．It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth.
意为“该做……的时间了”，其中to后须接
原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。

如：It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.
9．like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)
前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一
种句型侧重习惯性的动作，试比较：
Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.
10．ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某
人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词
不定式，如：
Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)
11．show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意
为“把某物给某人看”，该句型的用法同前
面第2点。

如：
Show your friend your family photo.（L36）/Show your family photo to your friend. 12．introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人
介绍给另一人”；introduce to sb.则是“向
某人作介绍”。

如：Introduce your family to her.
重点短语快速复习
1.kinds of 各种各样的
2. either…or…或者…或者…，不是…就是…
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……
的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及时
13. make one’s way to…往……（艰难地）走去
14. just then 正在那时
15. first of all 首先，第一
16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗
19. get on 上车
20. get off 下车
21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室
23. at the head of……在……的前头
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 乱丢，抛散
26. in fact 实际上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛
32. have a headache 头痛
33. as soon as…一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三地，反复地
38. wake up 醒来，叫醒
39. instead of 代替
40. look over 检查
41. take exercise运动
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 按时
45. out of从……向外
46. all by oneself 独立，单独
47. lots of=a lot of 许多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再49. get back 回来，取回
50. sooner or later迟早
51. run away 逃跑
52. eat up 吃光，吃完
53. run after 追赶
54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well)
（好好）照顾，照料
56. think of 考虑到，想起
57. keep a diary 坚持写日记
58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
59. harder and harder 越来越厉害
60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）
61. turn off 关
1. give sb sth给某人某物 give me a book; show/send sb sth展示/发送
give sth to sb 把某物给某人 give a book to him
show/send sth to sb
2.live at King street (小地点) arrive at the station stay at home
live in Fuzhou(大地点) arrive in New York stay in London
3.take sb to +地点
My father takes me to school every day .
4.want sth 想要某物 I want some milk. Want to do sth 想要做某事 She wants to buy a new book.
Want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 They want me to open the door.
dodoes not want sb to do sth 不想要某
人做某事 I do not want you to miss the train.
5.get up起床
I always get up at 7:00.
6.keep sth +adj. 保持某物的…….
Keep the floor clean
keep the room tidy
7.be absent(from)缺席
I was absent from school yesterday.
8.on the/one’s way to
在去……的路上
On the way home (to school),I met an old friend.
On the train to在去……的火车上
9.lose one’s way 迷路=be lost
I lost my way .=I was lost
10.say to oneself 自言自语
“I can win” I said to myself
11.put sth into 把……放到……
I put some money into my pocket .
I put some books into my bag .
12. take out取出
He took out a note book and wrote them down ,
13. put on your coat 穿上 take off your shoes 脱掉
turn on 打开 turn off 关掉
put your coat on take your shoes off put it on take them off
14. be afraid of sth 害怕 I am afraid of dog .
be afraid (that)+宾从恐怕……
I am afraid that it will rain tomorrow . I’m afraid that I can’t do it .
15.buy sth for sb 为某人买某物
I bought a present for you .
buy sth from sb 从某人那买某物 She bought a tie from Tony .
16.hundreds of 数以百计 thousands of 数以千计.
17．Be in fashion 时髦 Jeans are always in fashion.
Be out of fashion 过时Skirts are out of fashion this year .
18.till (until )
I can arrive till(until)3:00 this afternoom.
Not ……until
I didn’t finish my homework until 10:00 in the evening .
19.a lot of water（不可数）oranges （可数）
many apples （可数）much meat （不可数）
plenty of time（不可数）/tomatoes（可数）
20.not ……at all 根本不
I don’t know her at all .
I don’t want to talk with him at all .
21.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
/a meal /a swim/ a bath /a lesson/a holiday/a good time .
22.be ready for sth 准备好I’m ready for dinner .
be ready to do sth 准备好做某事 She is ready to go out .
23.Iet sb do sth 让某人做某事
Let’s go to school at once .
Let her go out .
24.have been to 到过
I have never been to shanghai
25.all the time 一直
26.take/bring sb to +地点带某人去（来）某地
take /bring sth to sb 带走来某物给某人
27.have a try试一试 try to do sth 试图做某事
try one’s best to do sth 尽全力做某事
28.believe sb 相信……是真的 believe in sb信任某人 believe(that)+(宾语从句)
29.since 自从
30.speak to 对某人说 write to 写信给某人 wave to 向某人招手 move to 搬到31.decide to do sth 决定做某事 I decide to tell her the truth.
make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事I made up my mind to open my mouth and pratise more.
32.fly to 飞往 return to 返回 return sth to sb 归还某物给某人
33.leave 离开 leave for 离开到某地
34.belong to 属于
35.do with /handle 处理
36.be sorry that +从句 be sure that+从句子确定……
37.had better (not )do sth 最好做(不要做)某事
38.at once (right away /immediately)立刻
39.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
40.be adj.enough(for sb )to do 对于某人说足够做某事
too+adj.(for sb )to do 对某人太…..而不能做某事
41. at the top of 在……顶部
42.tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 tell sb about/of sth 告诉某人关于某事
tell sb (not )to do sth 告诉某人做(不要做)某事 tell sb that +从句
43.be full of 充满
44.ask sb (not )to do sth 要求某人做(不要做)某事
45.would like sth 想要……would like to do sth 想要/愿意做某事
46.instead of +名代（宾格）代替
she was ill, so I went there instead.
I went there instead of her.
There was no milk, so I drank some orange instead.
I drank some orange instead of milk
47.afford sth/lto do sth 付得起某物/做某事
48.A is as +adj .+as B A和B一样…….
A is not as (so)+adj .+as
B A 不如B…..
49.pay for sth 付钱
50.get on/off 上车/下车 happen to 碰见 grow up 长大
51.invite sb to sth /for sth 邀请某人Invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
52.play a joke on sb 开某人玩笑
53.look for /find 寻找/找到
54.forget to do sth 忘记做某事 forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事
55.offer sb sth =offer sth to sb 提供某人某物
I offered you a cup of tea .=I offered
a cup of tea to you .
56.must be 肯定can’t be 不可能
57.by oneself 自己 at least 至少
58.need (实意动词)to do sth 需要做某事
Need（情态动词） +动原必要做某事needn’t+动原没必要做某事
59.take a photo /a walk /a rest (break)/a bus / advice make tea / coffee /a mistake /a mess /the bed /a film/a noise
60.go abroad /overseas 出国
61.It takes +(sb)+时间段 +to do sth 花（某人多少时间做某事）
62.look after /take care of 照顾
63.in the end /at last 最后
64.worry about sth 担心 be worried about sth
65.introduce A to B 把A介绍给B
66.get married结婚 Marry sb 和某人结婚
67.depend on依靠，取决于
68.by the way 顺便说一下（问一下）
69.talk to sb 对某人说 /with sb 和某人谈话 /about sth 谈话关于
70.begin to do sth /start to do sth 开始做某事
71.make up /dress up打扮，化妆
72.go for a walk .散步
73.make sb +adj 使某人……
74.be covered with覆盖……。