Shall I compare thee to a summer's day 100首英美爱情诗迻译

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 100首英美爱情诗迻译（50）
诗人简介
威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare（1564－1616）英国最杰出的戏剧家，也是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要、最伟大的作家。

莎士比亚十四行诗sonnet共154首。

其诗作的结构和语言技巧都极高，诗集分两部分，第一部分为前126首，献给一个年轻的贵族，热烈地歌颂了这位朋友的美貌以及他们的友情；第二部分28首则献给一位“黑女士”，描写了美好的爱情。

莎士比亚的妻子叫Anne，长其八岁，据传始终不喜欢丈夫的工作。

两人育有一男两女。

诗歌选辑（一）
SONNET 12
When I do count the clock that tells the time,
And see the brave day sunk in hideous night;
When I behold the violet past prime,
And sable curls, all silver'd o'er with white;
When lofty trees I see barren of leaves
Which erst from heat did canopy the herd,
And summer's green all girded up in sheaves
Borne on the bier with white and bristly beard,
Then of thy beauty do I question make,
That thou among the wastes of time must go,
Since sweets and beauties do themselves forsake
And die as fast as they see others grow;
And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence
Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence.
__________________________________________________________
注释
1.do (count): 垫词（expletive），用do以添加一个音节，在此诗中构成十个音节，以完成五步抑扬格的格律。

2. brave:华丽的；漂亮的
3. sable curls:黑色的发卷；silver’d o’er是silvered over的省略形式这里的silvered 是分词形式，意为被变成银色的。

4. erst:（古）以前，往昔
5. girded up: tied up firmly，捆紧
6. bier:coffin,棺材；bristly beard:这里指植物坚硬的须芒。

7. Then of thy beauty do I question make：此句的正常词序为Then I make question of thy(=your) beauty.
8. gainst为省略了一个音节against的缩写；scythe:(长柄）大镰刀。

9. save breed,除非生育下一代，save相当于except；10. brave:此作动词用，意为defy，向......反抗，挑战。

七言译诗
惜时
滴答我数报时钟，皎日坠为可怖夜，
忍看紫兰失丽容，青丝嫩蕊忽成雪。

西风落叶参天树，曾蔽牧群歇湛凉，
夏日青苗捆成束，白须硬挺饰灵棺。

因之我为朱颜虑，荒野时光君必行，
甜美芳菲终自弃，新生崛起尔凋零。

岁月镰刀不悯人，唯留后世相抗衡。

（峨以译）
诗歌赏析
这首诗莎翁从哲学的高度来阐释时光与死亡的命题，说明美好的事物终究会离去。

在营造了悲凉的气氛后他揭示了诗歌主题：要想在时光残忍的杀戮下逃脱，就得通过爱与繁衍去超越时间方可达到永恒。

莎士比亚商籁诗为五步抑扬格，每行十个音节；共四个诗节，前三诗节各有四句，末节为两句，韵律多用ABAB CDCD EFEF GG格式。

诗歌选辑（二）
SONNET18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
__________________________________________________________
注释
1.. lease: 租约，此处指英国夏天所能给予人们的短暂期限。

2.. complexion面色，气色
3. every fair from fair sometime declines:sometime即sometimes;此句意为beautiful things will disappear.
4. untrimmed: 未切边的，未修饰的，此处指自然发生的，未被剥夺的。

5. fair thou ow’st: the beauty you own or possess.
6. w and’rest: wander，walk, 此句意为死神得意地看到了你也走在他的阴影之中。

7. this指代正在写的这首诗。

七言译诗
君如长夏
安能将尔比夏天，君愈动人且优柔。

五月风急花蕊残，孟夏良时不长留。

每逢天眼喷炎炽，夺目金容遭掩没。

美艳光鲜能几时，机缘天道催凋落。

君有夏节无尽期，非凡品貌必留存。

死神傲影无踪迹，不朽诗篇伴永生。

但使人在眼不盲，君与此诗共韶光。

（峨以译）
诗歌赏析
莎士比亚的这首诗被广泛认为是所有商籁诗中最著名的一首。

他为好友William Herbert 而作，Herbert是一位英俊的贵族青年，莎翁对他的爱超出了一般同性之间的友谊。

在诗中，莎士比亚把他与夏天作比较，但英国的夏天的美好却短暂，年轻、美貌这些自然之物都会随时间而逝，而Herbert之所以能永葆青春，因为他能在莎士比亚的诗中作为美好的精神象征永存。

诗歌选辑（三）
SONNET 116
Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds,
Or bends with the remover to remove:
O no! it is an ever-fixed mark
That looks on tempests and is never shaken;
It is the star to every wandering bark,
Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.
Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks
Within his bending sickle's compass come:
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of doom.
If this be error and upon me proved,
I never writ, nor no man ever loved.
____________________________________________________________________
注释
1.Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments:Let me not admit
impediments to the marriage of true minds.impediments,妨碍；障碍2.mark:记号；标记3. tempests:暴风雨4. bark:树皮，此处指代船只。

5. within his bending sickle’s compass:within the scope of his curved sickle,sickle,镰刀6. bears...out证明7.edge of doom:末日的边际8. upon me proved::I’m proved to commit the error.9. writ:write
七言译诗
真爱
真爱随缘无壁障，舍此不啻爱成假，
安能察异亦转向，岂可见离思变卦。

爱是灯塔亘古守，狂风暴雨难撼动；
爱如星斗导迷舟，高度可测价无穷。

时光弯刀斩红颜，真爱不受时光戏：
时光流转爱不变，万世流芳无垠际。

若我被证言之外，世人难有真心爱。

（峨以译）
诗歌赏析
在莎翁154首商籁诗中，此诗旗帜鲜明地提出了爱情的标准。

爱情，必须要专一，不可半途而废，见异思迁；爱情是指导人生的航标：生命有限，但爱情永恒。

此诗意象清晰通俗，说理自然，言简意赅，口语色彩强烈。

诗歌选辑（四）
SONNET117
Accuse me thus: that I have scanted all
Wherein I should your great deserts repay,
Forgot upon your dearest love to call,
Whereto all bonds do tie me day by day;
That I have frequent been with unknown minds
And given to time your own dear-purchased right
That I have hoisted sail to all the winds
Which should transport me farthest from your sight.
Book both my wilfulness and errors down
And on just proof surmise accumulate;
Bring me within the level of your frown,
But shoot not at me in your waken'd hate;
Since my appeal says I did strive to prove
The constancy and virtue of your love.
———————————————————————————————
注释
1.scanted:吝啬地给予
2. wherein:在那种情况下
3. Forgot upon ...to call:Forgot to call upon...love.
4. whereto:去何处
5. bonds:纽带，
6.dear-purchased:purchased expensively
7. hoisted:升起
8. Book...down: write...down
9. wilfulness:任性10. surmise:猜测，推测11. frown:皱眉12.constancy:始终如一，忠贞
七言译诗
薄幸郎
任尔冠名薄幸郎，知恩不报弃前缘；
君情虽厚我迁忘，纵使爱怜与日添；
怨我轻佻喜艳遇，芳心一片宁轻抛；
风来八面杨帆去，君目远离随浪涛。

率性错失君且书，捉风捕影汇铁证。

任尔蹙眉投怒目，勿引仇火焚愚身；
因我诉说聊表明，君爱崇高何坚定！
（峨以译）
诗歌赏析
在这首商籁诗中，莎翁对恋人进行了讴歌，赞扬其忠于爱情的崇高品德，同时，对于自己在爱情方面的见异思迁和好高骛远进行了坦诚的自我批评。

诚然，字里行间，读者还是清晰地感受到诗人对心上人植于心底的爱恋。

原诗几乎每句都用了“my”“your”等代词，从而增添了强烈的口语效果，突出了心灵的交流。

诗歌选辑（五）
SONNET 135
Whoever hath her wish, thou hast thy Will,
And Will to boot, and Will in overplus;
More than enough am I that vex thee still,
To thy sweet will making addition thus.
Wilt thou, whose will is large and spacious,
Not once vouchsafe to hide my will in thine?
Shall will in others seem right gracious,
And in my will no fair acceptance shine?
The sea all water, yet receives rain still
And in abundance addeth to his store;
So thou, being rich in Will, add to thy Will
One will of mine, to make thy large Will more.
Let no unkind, no fair beseechers kill;
Think all but one, and me in that one Will.
__________________________________________________________
注释
1. Will: 在莎翁的笔下，will可有多种解读，意愿，性欲，生殖器及至William的缩写，而此篇中will皆与性有关。

2. vex:使激荡，使汹涌
3. To thy sweet will making addition thus: 倒装句，原句为Thus making addition to thy sweet will。

4. vouchsafe: 允诺；给予，赐予
5. And in my will no fair acceptance shine:shine （口）通过擦拭使......更有光泽，此句意为Do not accept my will to brighten your will。

6. addeth:add的古体。

7. beseechers kill: kill beseechers，恳求者
七言译诗
欲
女子怀春激尔欲，意欲纷繁无穷尽；
我今撩君难自弃，澎湃欲火煽春情，
君之欲界宽无边，容我婬欲逞一回？
他人纵欲见垂怜，独我情欲遭忤违？
沧海浩瀚犹纳雨，不讳淫溢乐其增；
君欲虽强添我欲，扩尔欲界愈充盛。

不可冷漠来防拒，容我从众尽欢欲。

（峨以译）
诗歌赏析
在莎翁154首商籁诗的后28篇诗中，诗人讴歌了一位黑发黑肤黑眼睛的美貌少妇，她魅力四射却轻浮放荡，据说与诗人热爱的那个美少年有染。

有人揣度此女就是莎翁自己的妻
子安妮。

在这首充满色情语言的诗篇中，诗人极为坦诚率真地谈性，由此也可见文学巨匠更人性化的一面。

此诗韵律与大多数诗篇不同，采用了ABABCDCD AEAE AA形式，从而来突出will一词的主题。

诗歌选辑（六）
SONNET 150
O, from what power hast thou this powerful might
With insufficiency my heart to sway?
To make me give the lie to my true sight,
And swear that brightness doth not grace the day?
Whence hast thou this becoming of things ill,
That in the very refuse of thy deeds
There is such strength and warrantize of skill
That in my mind thy worst all best exceeds?
Who taught thee how to make me love thee more,
The more I hear and see just cause of hate?
O though I love what others do abhor,
With others thou shouldst not abhor my state.
If thy unworthiness raised love in me,
More worthy I to be beloved of thee.
__________________________________________________________
注释
1. With insufficiency my heart to sway: sway，使摇摆，使倾斜；使改变，此句为倒装句，原句为to sway my heart with insufficiency。

2. brightness doth not grace the day：grace，惠赐，使优美，此句其实隐写了女子的黑肤色。

3. Whence hast thou this becoming of things ill:Where have you got the power to make bad things appealing?
4. refuse:垃圾
5. warrantize：根据，理由，此词应与warranty的复数形式warranties意思相近。

6. That in my mind thy worst all best exceeds: 倒装句，原句为That thy worst exceeds all best in my mind
7. abhor:憎恶；回避
8. shouldst:should的古体。

七言译诗
女德
从何获此非凡力，背德之人控我心？
诌谎宁将所见蔽，臆断白昼无光临？
何处偷得化腐术，不端品行任遮藏？
依凭惯技魔力助，恶俗超我心中善？
流言灌耳徒生恨，孰遣爱君日渐多？
纵然我爱人所憎，君何随众亦鄙薄。

瑕玷若能激爱恋，为君垂青价愈添。

（峨以译）
诗歌赏析
在这首诗中，诗人继续写这位黑发黑肤黑眼睛的美妇。

由于不忠，诗中用了insufficiency 一词来概括她，在道德上将她否定。

然而，这也无法阻挡诗人对她的爱，并渴望被她爱。

他也惊诧自己这种情感，一连用了四个问句来诘问自己，似寄寓了无限的爱意和无限的怨恨。

此诗为五步抑扬格，韵律为ABAB CDCD EFEF GG。