大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料

大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料
（book4）Unit 1 The icy defender 冰雪卫士
Words and Expressions
1. raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed
*The event took place on a raw February morning.
这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。

（This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.）
2. launch: vt.
1) start
Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes （探查，研究）to explore other planets.
2) send (sth.) on its course 发射
*On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the world’s first artificial satellite,
called Sputnik.
Collocation:
launch an attack (against) 发动进攻
launch a massive campaign 发动一场大规模的运动
launch a company 开一家公司
launch threats at sb. 向某人发出威胁
3. efficient: adj.working well, quickly and without waste
雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。

（It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers. ）
4.conquest: n.conquering,defeat
Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple.
1939年德国征服了波兰。

（The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by
Germany.）
5.retreat: v.move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty
我们采取如下策略：敌进我退，敌退我追。

（We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat:
when they retreat, we pursue.）
6. engage: vt.
1) begin fighting with sb.
他们与敌人交战。

（They engaged the enemy.）
2) draw into; involve
*We tried to engage him in our conversation, but in vain.
3) attract sb.’s interest
*We failed to engage any active support for our project.
他善良的性情吸引每个人。

(His good nature engages everyone.)
4) occupy
工作占去她很多时间。

(Work engages much of her time.)
Pattern：
engage (sb.) in sth. : (cause to) take part in sth.
* They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations.
* The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation.
7.crucial: adj. very important (followed by to)
*Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game.
增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。

(Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.)
CF: crucial, critical & decisive
这三个词都是形容词,都有“紧要的, 紧迫的,重要的”之意。

crucial意为决定性的、极重要的，指对关键性事物不断增长的缺乏或需求，或需求紧急情况或危急转折关头。

例如：
*We must pay attention to this crucial test. 我们必须重视这次决定性的试验。

critical意为决定性的,与crucial相似，但表示对缺乏程度更精确的估计。

在转折关头时比crucial表现出更大的严重性。

例如：
* The patient’s condition is critical. 病人情况危急。

decisive意思是决定性的、果断的，只有重要、特殊或决定性效果。

例如：* Our air forces were decisive in winning the war. 我们的空军对打赢这场战争有决定性的贡献。

8. take a gamble: take a risk
* The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off.
I think she’s taking a gamble inves ting all her money in stocks.）
9. press on/ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way (used in the pattern: press
on/ahead (with sth.))
*Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform.
Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.
10. bide one’s time: wait patiently for a chance
* His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.
*He bided his time until Harvard University offered him a professorship.
11. drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously
*These compensation cases have already dragged on for one year.
这个会还要拖多久？(How much longer is the meeting going to drag on?)
12. at the cost of: with the loss of
*The local government developed its economy but at the cost of environment.
比尔为救约翰付出了自己的生命。

( Bill saved John at the cost of his own life.)
13.catch sb. off guard:take sb. by surprise
*The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard.
The manager didn’t know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off
guard.
14. instruct: vt.
1) give orders or directions to (sb.)
我奉命在这里等老师来。

(I’ve been instructed to wait here until the teacher arrives.) Pattern:
instruct sb. to do sth.;instruct sb. That…
2) teach (sb.)
*He instructed family members in nursing techniques.
他们教给了我做这项工作的最好办法。

(They instructed me in the best ways of doing the job.)
Pattern:instruct sb. in/on sth
15. render: vt. cause (sb./sth.) to be in a specified condition (same as make)
*He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck.
地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。

(Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.)
16. casualty: n. a person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident
The precise number of casualties in yesterday’s bomb explosion is not known.
17. bring to a halt:stop completely
Air tra ffic in Poland had been brought to a halt by an air traffic controllers’ strike.
我们的旅行因风暴而终止。

（Our journey was brought to a halt by a storm.）
18 offensive:
1. n. aggressive action, attack
*The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion.
红军发动全面的军事攻击。

（The Red Army led a massive military offensive.）
2. adj.of or about attack; causing offense; unpleasant
这支进攻的军队很快地赢得了阵地。

（The offensive troops gained ground quickly.）
* My neighbor is really an offensive person. He always plays the piano deep into the night.
19.reckon: v. count; consider; think
许多人认为他是一位伟大的篮球运动员。

（Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player.）
常用的搭配：be reckoned with: be taken into consideration All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose.
20. toll:
war toll 战争伤亡人数
take a heavy toll 造成重大伤亡（或损失）
The earthquake took a heavy toll on several villages. 这次地震给几个村庄造成重大损失。

Key to the Exs.
P14-17 Vocabulary
I 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus 6) region 7) declarations 8) siege
9) raw 10) bide one’s time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine
out 7) have cut back 8) get through
3. 1) …lead to the conquest of cancer in the near f uture.
2)…has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw material due to the dock
workers’ strike.
3) …will /should never get in the way of her career.
4)… caught the foreign minister off guard.
5)… of the electronic calculator has render the sli de rule out of date.
4. 1) (Being) faced with; the occupation; regions 2) crucial to; efficient; to reckon with;
weaken; be brought to a halt 3) a heroic; the decisive; turn the tide; siege; by launching
P18 III. Usage
1)fall ill 2) lay dead at home for two weeks 3) dropped dead from a heart attack 4) fell
asleep 5) marrying young 6) to sit still for longer than a few minutes
P19 Comprehensive Exs。

1.T ext-related1) invasion 2) stand in the way 3) Conquest 4) catching…off guard 5)
launching 6) declaration 7) campaign 8) drag on 9) reckon with 10) bringing …to a halt
P20 T ranslation
1. Sentence translation
1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in (getting) the autumn harvest (in) on the farm..
2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3) Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.
4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.
5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.
2. Passage translation
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we did n’t gain much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold winter which made the marshland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.
（book4）Unit 2 Smart cars
Words and Expressions
lucrative: adj. producing much money; profitable
我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意，赚了些钱。

( We made a lucrative business with the American company on rice imports.)
approximately: adv. more or less exactly
(=The car accident happened at approximately 7:45 a.m.)
approximate: adj. fairly correct or accurate but not completely so
*The approximate number of demonstrators in front of the municipal office building was 900.
大概的时间是三点钟。

(The approximate time is three o'clock.) eliminate: vt. remove, esp. sb./sth. that is not wanted or needed; get rid of
*The police have eliminated all the other suspects.
她已被取消了参加游泳比赛。

(She has been eliminated from the swimming race.) Pattern: eliminate sth. from sth.
*Can we ever eliminate hunger from the world one day?
in the air:in the earth’s atmosphere; uncertain, not y et decided
*There is a strange smell in the air.
我们的计划尚未确定。

( Our plans are still in the air.)
start up:begin or begin working, running, happening, etc.
玛丽发动引擎，向她的家乡驶去。

( Mary started up the engine and drove for her hometown.) alert:
1．vt. warn sb. that there may be danger, trouble, etc.
Pattern: alert sb. to sth.
*The doctor alerted me to the dangers of smoking.
2．adj. attentive; watchful
Pattern: be alert to danger
*The squirrels are quite alert to dangers.
3．n. a condition or period of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action Pattern: on the alert
*The hunters are on the alert for wolves.
monotonous: adj. dull and never changing or varying;
constant and boring
(=The teacher’s voice was so monotonous that it sent me to sleep.)
我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。

( My job in the car factory is rather monotonous.)
hazard: n. a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage; a danger or risk
*There are many serious hazards associated with smoking.
穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。

(=There are many hazards in a journey across Africa.)
vibrate: v. (cause sth. to) move rapidly and continuously backwards and forwards; shake
(Tom’s heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house vibrate.)
当司机发动了发动机时，公共汽车颤动着。

( The bus vibrated when the driver started up the engine.)
frequency: n. the rate at which sth. happens or is repeated, usu. measured over a
particular period of time
*Accidents are happening with increasing frequency.
科学家正试图计算出这个地区地震发生的频率。

( The scientists are trying to calculate the frequency of earthquake in this district.)
convert: v. change from one form or use to another
Pattern: convert sth. to/into sth.
*I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars.
那座楼房改成学校了。

(That building has been converted into a school.)
correlate: vt. have a mutual relationship or connection, in
which one thing affects or
depends on another
*Smoking and lung cancer are closely correlated.
Pattern: correlate sth. with sth.
*They are trying to find out if these behavior patterns correlate with particular changes in diet.
把理论与实践联系起来(correlate the theory with practice)
be poised to do: be ready to take action at any moment
( It is reported that U.S. forces are poised to attack Iraq.)
The automobile company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.
mount: v. fix (sth.) in position for use, display or study; put (sth.) into place on a support
*Mounting the engine in this way was in improvement.
*She mounted the photograph on the back of her diary book.
她把照片裱贴在她的日记本上。

magnetic: adj.
1) having the properties of a magnet
(=The iron has lost its magnetic force.)
*Cotton is not magnetic.
2) having an unusual power or ability to attract
*He has magnetic personality. 他有吸引人的个性。

take control of:control
*Th e new manager didn’t know how to take control of his company.
( The government has taken control of all the newspapers.) bunch:
1. v. group together (both active and passive)
*The children were all bunched together in the corner of the room.
我们聚在火炉周围取暖。

(We bunched around the fire for warmth.)
2. n. a group of items or individuals gathered or placed together
*a bunch of grapes
*a bunch of keys
*a bunch of flowers
incorporate: vt. make (sth.) part of a whole
*His newly published book incorporates his earlier essay.
他成为该大学的一员。

=He was incorporated a member of the college.)
我们将把你的建议编到新计划中去。

(We will incorporate your suggestion in the new plan.)
expansion: n. the process of becoming greater in size, extent or importance
*Under heat, the metal undergoes considerable expansion.
*His book is an expansion of the play he wrote before.
这些是扩大我们学校建筑的计划。

(These are plans for the expansion of our school building.)
Key to the Exs.
P41-44 Vocabulary
I 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8)
magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately
2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on 5) starting up 6) went through
7) fill in 8) fall into
3. 1) … incorporates all the latest safety f eatures.
2) … two trees ten feet apart.
3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.
4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the car.
5) … are correlated a in all racial groups.
4. 1) the application; remote; has been turned into a reality; are poised to 2) that vibrate; can
detect; frequency 3) lanes; are mounted in; alert a; hazard
P46 Comprehensive Exs。

T ext-related1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
P47-48 T ranslation
1. Sentence translation
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The urban expansion in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living
standard and an increase in social problems.
3) The research shows that the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with
global temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently.
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the
coach.
2. Passage translation
Automobiles have, since its invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and
do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic (jams).
Dictation:
Automobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the US and other industrialized nations. The manufacture, sale, and servicing of automobiles have become key elements of industrial economies; indeed, the health of a country’s automobile industry in large measure determines the health of the entire economy. But along with greater mobility and job creation, the automobile has brought noise and air pollution, and automobile accidents rank as among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. But for better and worse, the 20th century can be called the Age of Automobile, and cars will undoubtedly continue to shape our culture and economy well into the 21st century.
（book4）Unit 3 Get the Job Y ou Want
Words and Expressions:
grill: vt.
1) cook under or over direct heat
* We could grill the chops on the barbecue.
2) (infml) question intensely and severely (esp. of the police)
* 他被拷问了三小时后，警察才让他走。

（=He was grilled for two hours before the police let him go.）* The senior detective grilled the young suspect about the
robbery case.
follow up: take addition steps to further (a previous action) 让我们担心的是恐怖分子在威胁之后会进行炸弹攻击。

( We are worried that terrorists will follow up their threats with bomb attacks.) *If you make a hotel booking by phone, follow it up with written confirmation.
in one’s hands: in one’s possession
我的律师有了所有相关的证据。

（All the relevant facts are in my solicitor’s hands.）
* His father’s company has been i n his hands for many years.
prospective: adj. expected; probable; intended
* The chief function of advertising is to familiarize prospective buy ers with a product.
* 这个世界闻名的大学收到近200名学生的申请表。

（This university of world fame had applications from nearly 200 prospective students.）
as I see it: in my opinion
* 在我看来，这些钱足够他在国外生活一年了。

（As I see it, the money is sufficient for seeing him through a year abroad.）
* As I see it, this press conference is the most successful one we have ever had.
(as) the saying goes: used to introduce a particular phrase that people often say 正如谚语所说，“无风不起浪”。

( As the saying goes, “ There’s no smoke without fire.”)
(para.9) apply: v.
1) request something, esp. in writing
* Anyone who has a college degree can apply for the job.
2) bring or put into use
* Apply as much force as is necessary. ( 需要用多少力量就用多
少。

)
3) to have an effect; be directly related
* 这项规则不适用。

（This regulation doesn’t apply.）
endeavor:
1. vt. (fml)try
这个跨国公司一直尽力在最短的时间内处理顾客的投诉。

（The multinational company always endeavors to deal with clients’complaints as promptly as possible.）
The government has endeavored to forbid the employment of children under the age of 16.
2. n. effort
她尽可能地帮助我们。

（She made every endeavor to help us.）The climbing of Mount Qomolangma was an outstanding example of human endeavor.
do one’s homework: make pre parations beforehand
He had evidently done his homework and read his predecessor’s reports.
在演讲之前，他做了充分的准备工作。

（He had done his homework before he delivered the speech.）
go after: try hard to obtain; chase
在英语演讲比赛中，他去争取得奖。

(He went after a prize in the English speech contest.)
你会不会去这个公司找工作？（Are you planning to go after a position in this company?）
incidentally: by the way
I really got to go now. Incidentally, don’t forget to pay a visit to your mother tomorrow. She is expecting you.
physical: adj.
1) of or concerning the body
* 人类在肤色、眼睛颜色、体型及其它身体特征上都有所不同。

（Human populations differ in their skin color, eye color, shape and other physical characteristics.）
* Regular exercise enhances people’s sense of mental wel l-being along with the general physical health.
2) of or according to the laws of nature
* Is there a physical explanation for these strange happenings?
(对这些怪现象有科学上的解释吗？)
(in)adequate: adj.
1) enough for the purpose, and no more
* The city’s water supply i s no longer adequate.
2) having the necessary ability or qualities
* 我希望他能胜任这分工作。

（=I hope he will be adequate to the job.）
take /have a crack (at)：try to do (sth.)
I would like to take a crack at the Olympic title again before I retire.
make a difference: change the situation or outlook; have an effect 在异国旅行会不会讲该国语言大不相同。

（Speaking the language makes a lot of difference when you travel to another country.）
你干什么对我没有丝毫影响。

(It doesn’t make the least difference to me what you are doing.)
(para.25)pry:
1. vt. force sth. open or away from a surface
* Can you help me pry the cover off this wooden box without breaking it?
(你能不能帮我不打破这个木箱盖而撬开它?)
2. vi. look or inquire closely and curiously
Don't pry into the affairs of others.
Collocation:
pry about到处窥探pry into窥探，打听
(para10, 27) odds: (pl.) the probability that something will or will not happen * The odds are that he will fail his exam.
Collocation: odds and ends 零碎的事情
in the neighborhood of: about
* He has an annual salary in the neighborhood of $50,000.
* I am hoping to buy an apartment in the neighborhood of $12,000.
beyond anyone’s / one’s wildest dreams: more than anyone/ one can ever imagine * 在10年前，我做梦也没想到今天我会拥有自己的汽车。

（T en y ears ago it was beyond my wildest dreams that I could afford a car.）
* Scientists have made an invention which is to change our lives beyond our wildest dreams.
sparkle: to shine in small flashes
* The diamond ring sparkled in the sunlight.
* The stone sparkles when properly cut.
Key to the Exs.
P75-77 Vocabulary
I 1. 1) tip 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted(out) 6) chuckling 7)
measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be
hooked up to 8) closed up
3. 1) …grilled her about where she had been all night.
2)… beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one
day dance in the king’s palace.
3)… will be in readers’ hands soon.
4)… do your homework before going on an interview.
5)…was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.
4. 1) applicants; veteran; the perspective 2) From his standpoint; has made every endeavor to
go after 3) as the saying goes; to have a crack at; barely
P80 Comprehensive Exs。

T ext-related1) prospective 2) As I see it 3) done your homework 4) beforehand 5) endeavor
6) structure 7) partner 8) Respond 9) take a crack at 10) from the standpoint 11)make a
difference 12) follow up
P81-82 T ranslation
1.Sentence translation
1)Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot
managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short time.
2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone
two plastic surgeries.
3)We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have
the future in our hands.
4)If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have
made better preparations. Y ou see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.
5)People gave generously upon learning that new school buildings with stronger
structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.
2.Passage translation
Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.
I have a friend who is earning in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.
book4）Unit 4Globalization ---In Search of Davos Man
Words and Expressions
sweep aside:clear away or get rid of suddenly or forcefully; refuse to pay attention
to sth./ sb. says
Anyway, by then she was sure that Julius would simply have swept any curbs aside.
他们对所有的反对意见不予理睬。

(They swept all the objections aside.)
Pattern:
sweep away 扫清, 迅速消灭sweep out 扫掉; 清除
sweep over 眺望, 环视sweep up 打扫干净, 收拾干净
strengthen: vt.become stronger or make sth. stronger
The President's first priority was to strengthen the economy.
make no / little difference: have no / little effect (on), be of no / little importance (to) 姚明的缺席似乎对休斯顿火箭队没有太大的影响。

(The absence of Yao Ming seemed to make little difference to the performa nce of the Houston Rockets.)
identify…as: (para.2) recognize and c orrectly name someone or sth.
*His accent identified him as a Frenchman.
(The policeman identified him as the thief.)
a handful of: a very small number of people or things:
That place was of little interest. I only took a handful of pictures.
considerable: adj. great
Attracting tourists to the area is going to take considerable effort.
(A considerable amount of research was done here by our science department.) advantageous:adj.helpful and likely to make you successful
*Many bus companies provide advantageous fare tickets especially for tourists.
你会发现等几周再作答复是很有好处的。

(You may find it advantageous to wait a few weeks before replying.)
NB: “advantageous”的名词形式为“advantage”。

与其搭配常用的短语是：“have the advantage of”“有优势”; “take advantage of”“（以不正当手段）利用；占便宜”
entitle:vt.
1) give a title to给…题名，给…取名
*She was reading a poem entitled Auguries of Innocence.
(He entitled the book The Secret Garden.)
2) give someone the official right to do or have sth.
他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。

(They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.)
vanish:vi. disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explained My keys were here a minute ago but now they've vanished.
(The plane vanished from radar screens soon after taking off.) CF: vanish, disappear, evaporate
这三个动词均有“消失”之意。

vanish 语气强，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。

disappear 普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失。

这消失可能是暂时的、突然的或永久的。

evaporate 指像水蒸发时那样悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或离去。

facilitate:vt. make it easier for a process or activity to happen Both centers are electronically linked to facilitate communication.
学校都建在同一校区内，以便资源共享。

(Schools were located in the same campus to facilitate the sharing of resources.)
at odds with: in conflict with; disagreeing or quarrelling with *The government decision to raise taxes was at odds with their policies on inflation.
be committed to:promise to do (sth.); be devoted to
A lot of money has been committed to this project.
中国承诺发展低碳经济。

(China is committed to pursuing a low carbon economy.)
endorse:vt. express formal support or approval for someone or sth.
*The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view.
(I fully endorse the measures taken to improve safety standards.)
erase:vt. get rid of sth. so that it has gone completely and no longer exists Their dream is to erase poverty and injustice from
the world.
没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。

(Nothing can erase the incident from his memory.)
accelerate:v.(cause to) move faster or happen earlier
Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.
选手们跑过弯道时平稳地加速。

(The runners accelerated smoothly round the bend.)
witness:
1. vt. be present and see
20世纪80年代，电子传媒得到了空前的发展。

(The 1980s witnessed an unprecedented increase in the scope of the electronic media.)
2. n.someone who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happened
(The witness was asked to identify the defendant in the courtroom.)
overtake(overtook, overtaken):
1) v. go past a moving vehicle or person because you are going faster
than them and want to get in front of them
Before you start to overtake, make sure the road is clear ahead of you.
2) vt. catch up with or pass after catching up with
在工业产量方面德国迅速超过了英国。

(Germany rapidly overtook Britain in industrial output.)
displace:vt. take the place of; replace
Coal has been displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy.
patriotic:adj. having or expressing a great love of your
country
(The presidential candidate said paying higher taxes was a patriotic act.)
let alone: much less; not to mention
* Many thousands of children had never even seen, let alone owned a pair of shoes.
他连带领保龄球队的本事都没有，更别提领导国家了。

(He was incapable of leading a bowling team, let alone a country.)
strike a balance:give the correct amount of importance or attention to two
separate things
Effective organizations will strike a balance that allows them not only to accept uncertainty but to take advantage of it.
他发现平衡家庭和工作的关系是很困难的。

(He was finding it difficult to strike a balance between his family and his work.)
Key to the Exs.
P106-109 Vocabulary
I 1. 1) advantageous 2) let alone 3) witnessing; vanishing 4) landmark 5) entitled 6) displac e 7)
establishment 8) patriotic 9) contradictions 10) aspires 11) divorced 12) pendulums
2. 1) come to 2) dozed off 3) believed in 4) was set apart 5) take in 6) sucks in 7) clean up 8)
turn away
3. 1) …makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.
2)… overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.。