英语国家社会与文化

英语国家社会与⽂化
上Unit 1 1. Britain is no longer an imperial(帝国) country. T
2. The Commonwealth(共和国，民主国) of Nations includes all European countries. F
3. 1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity(种族地位，种族特点). F
4. The stereotype(陈规，刻板模式) of the English gentleman never applied(使适⽤) the majority of the British people. T
6. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F
7. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T
8. The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F
9. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T
10. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F
11. Scotland was unified with England through peaceful mean. T
12. Wales is rich in coal deposits. T
13. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F
14. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition. F
上Unit2
1. Ireland is part of Great Britain. F
2. “U referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. T
3. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. F
4. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. F
5. The majority of Irish people were descendants⼦孙，后裔 of the original Celtic凯尔特 people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. T
6. Most British people are Protestants新教徒 while most Irish people are Catholic天主教徒. T
7. The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. F
8. Sinn Fein 新芬党（爱尔兰共和军的政治组织）is a legal politicalparty in Northern Ireland. T
9. The Anglo-Irish Agreement《英爱协议》 of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist Protestant community their right to decide their future in N orthern Ireland. T
10. The Good Friday Agreement《北爱和平协议》 was approved on 10 April 1998.T
11. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that of Republic of Ireland and t hat of Great Britain. F ⽬前北爱由爱尔兰政府、英国政府及北爱执⾏委员会三⽅共同参与管理。

上Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom
1. It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world. F arguably 可论证地，可能，⼤概
2. In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution, in contrast to France and the US. T 相对法国或美国⽽⾔，英国的建国历程是⼀个逐渐演变⽽不是⾰命性剧变的过程。

3. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy君主政体. T
4. The divine right of the king君权神授 means the sovereign君主 derived his authority from his subjects. F
5. As the king in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should should not exercise ab
solute power. F
6. The term “parliament” was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal baro ns and representatives from counties and towns. F in 1236
7. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T 英国既是⼀个代议民主制国家，⼜是⼀个君主⽴宪制国家。

8. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitutions宪法 of the sort which most countries have. F both of them without
9. Common laws判例法，普通法 are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts. T
上Unit 4 Politics, Class and Race
1. In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumst ances. T
3. Anyone who is eligible to vote with 500 pounds as deposit can stand as an MP. F
4. Each main party is given some time on national TV to “sell” their politics. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party. F
5. The amount spent in national campaign is not limited other than that on TV. T
6. Secrecy is not an important part of the voting process. F
7. There are two major national parties in the U.K. according to the text. F 除⼯党和保守党外，还有⼀个重要的第三党，⾃由民主党
8. Liberal Democratic Party is the newest of the major national parties. F
9. Children from the upper-middle-class usually have a better education than those from the wor king or middle-class. T
10. The majority of middle-class people today have working class parents or grandparents. T
11. One of the distinctive features about the British class-system is that it has also retained a here ditary aristocracy. T 保留世袭贵族
12. The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North Asia and Caribbean countries. F South Asia
13. Most immigrants earn a living by opening restaurant or becoming writers or musicians. F
14. The immigrants have problems of unemployment, under-representation in politics and unfair treatment by police and by the justice system. T
上Unit 5 The UK Economy
1. By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant占⽀配地位 the world. T
2. Both the US and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. F Germany
3. By the end of the World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to develop its manuf acturing industry and borrowed large amount from the US and France. F
4. Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gained its in dependence in 1947. T
5. In the 1970s, with the soaring price of oil and high rates of inflation, Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour party had to step down from the government. T
6. The leader of the Conservatives, Margaret Thatcher started a series of reforms. An extensive pr ogramme of privatization was carried out, and she was successful in an all-round way. F
7. Tertiary industries include banking, insurance, tourism, agriculture and selling of goods. F
8. Britain has a large sector of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth. F small
9. According to the text, the tertiary industry produces approximately two-thirds of national weal th. T
10. The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force. T
上Unit 6 British Literature
1.Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity, and Anglo-Saxons produced ma
ny versions of the Bible. T
2. Beowulf was a sea monster killed by a Swedish warrior. F
3. “The Wife of Ba th” is one of the tales contained in The Canterbury Tales. T
4. There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual in Europe during the 17th and 18th ce nturies which is known as “The Renaissance.”⽂艺复兴h and 16th
5. William Shakespeare is a great poet and much is known of his life. F
6. Keats, Shelly and Byron brought the Romantic Movement to its height. T
7. Robinson Crusoe tells the story of a shipwreck and solitary survival. T
8. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the p ower of reason. T
9. Don Juan is an epic poem composed by John Milton. F
10. Thomas Hardy, the author of Tess of the D’ Urbervilles, was also a first-class poet. T
上Unit 7 British Education System
1. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basi
c skills but also to socialize children. T
2. The state seldom interferes with decision of when, where, how and what children taught. F
3. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught i n schools. F how equal education opportunity should be.
4. The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools and universities “meritocratic”. T
5. Public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government. F 公学也叫私⽴学校，有钱⼈家的学校
6. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government. T
7. All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised by the government. F
8. In Oxford and Cambridge the BA coverts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee. T
9. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government support. T
10. Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education.
F 培育他们进⼊⾼等学校
上Unit 8 British Foreign Relations
1. When the Second World ended, Britain no longer was the largest military power in Western Eu rope. F
2. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition of its contribution in setti ng up the United Nations.
F of its continuing importance to world politics
3. According to the text, the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers i s its history. T
4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. T
5. The main government department involved is the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). T 英国外交联邦事务部，即外交部
6. Britain is a parliament monarch. F a parliament democracy 代议制民主⽽不是君主
7. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. F 50
8. The British host a large American military presence and there 63 American military bases in th
e UK. T
9. Britain is not a number of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries on defense policy. F 北⼤西洋公约组织与欧盟的区分
上Unit 9 The British Media
1. On an average day, an overwhelming majority of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or l ocal paper. T
2. The British media play an important role in shaping a national culture. T
3. In the late seventeenth and early 18th century, as the British economy began to industrialize, a nd as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and more newspaper began to appear. F
4. Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog of parliamentary democracy. T
5. The Advertising Code ensures that advertisement are legal, decent, honest and truthful; have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society; and respect the principles of faircompletion. T
6. It is incorrect to say that class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers peo ple read. F
7. The Telegraph readers, for example, will be soft on crime, be quite feminist and interested in gr een politics. F the Guardian readers卫报
8. The tabloids are smaller format newspaper with color photos and catchy headlines. They are of ten called “the gutter press”. T
9. The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by license fees and views must buy a license eac
h year for their TV set. T
10. The BBC World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 42 othe r languages throughout the world. T
下册
下Unit1
1. New Zealand is made up of a large group of islands. T
2. In size, New Zealand is similar to Japan plus the British Isles. F
3. Most of New Zealand lives in cities and towns with more people living in the South Island than the North Island. F
4. Maori people have given up their cultural tradition and have adopted many aspects of western life. F
5. New Zealanders are keen to get involved in environmental protection. T
6. New Zealand was the first country in the world to given women the right to vote. T
7. In New Zealand Christianity is the major religion. T
8 New Zealand was settled 2000 years ago by voyagers from East Polynesia. F
下Unit2
1. New Zealand has no written constitutional document. T
2. New Zealand Parliament has two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Representatives. F
3. According to New Zealand laws, no government enterprises can be privatized. F
4. Education in New Zealand is compulsory between the ages of 7 and 18. F
5. The largest school in New Zealand is the Correspondence School. T
6. New Zealand has a thriving agricultural export trade. T
7. For over a century, Great Britain had been New Zealand’s single export market.T
8. New Zealand has now four major markets, with the United States being the biggest one. F
9. the seafood industry is the biggest export earner in new zealand.____
10.new zealand has a Free trade agreement with people’s republic of
China.___
下unit3
1. The question “What is an American?” was first asked by J. Hector St. John de Creveco eur. T
2.Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. T
3. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F
4. Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separated themselves from the Roman Catholic Church .F
5. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. T
6. The theory of politics of the American Revolution came from John Locke, a French philosopher in the 17th century. F
7. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe. T
8. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America. F
下Unit4
1. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unified nation as it is today. F was not
2. The agreement that set this plan of cooperation among different states after the War of American Independence was called the Constitution of the United States. F
3. The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. T 联邦制
4. the main duty of the congress is to make laws,including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the fedreal government.____
5.Under a Constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only one term. F
6. The president has the authority to appoint feudal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. F
7. The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights. T
8. The idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting governmental power and preventing its abuse was first provided in the Federalist Papers. T
9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is the Democratic Party, formed before 1800. the other is the Republican Party, formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. T
10. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. F
下Unit5
1. Alexander Hamilton was the third president of the United Stated. F Thomas Jefferson
2. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill. T
3. Many people objected to the idea of the corporation
becauseit is less personal than sole proprietorship and partnership. T 所有（权），独资企业；合伙关系
4. The United State?s economy suffered from the two World Wars in the 20th century. F not
5. Many people believe that the economic freedom of capitalism is crucial to American?s economic success. T
6. When people buy stocks, they become part owner of the company. T
7. The stockholders make profits even when the company loses money. F
8. One reason for America’s affluence is that a lot of people have inherited wealth from their parents. F
9 Stron g domestic demand is one factor contributing to America’s affluence. T
10. Many American leaders have extolled the virtues of farmers. T
11 Measure have been taken since to cope with it,and America emerged from the ongoing financial crisis in 2010.___
下Unit6
1. During the War of Independence and many years after that,the Americans were mostly concerned about religious freedom.-------
2. according to the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United states, there would be
a state-supported region,_______
3.Those citizens whose religion forbids them to fight in wars can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers.______
4.The Baptists are the largest Protestant group in the US with over 25 million members._____
5.there are more than 100 Protestabts sects in the United states today.____
6.John F .Kennedy was the first Catholic elected as the US president.__________
7.today many Jewish people don’t think of themselves as ethnically Jewish any more and have adopted a secular,nonn-religious outlook.____
8.When a Supreme Court decision made abortion legal in America ,many Catholics,evangelical Protestants and Orthdox Jews objected.______
9.In America,scientific and economic advance and rising meterial progress have been accompanied by a decline in religious observance._______
10.in America ,scientific and economic advance and rising material progress have been accompanied by a decline in religious observance.______
下Unit8
1.Critics of the affirmative action programs are of the option that this results in reverse discrimination. T
2 The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veterans priority in finding better jobs. F
3. American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions. F
4. One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests T
5. According to the author, larger universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive. F
6. It takes at least four years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. T
7. Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after decision of the Supreme Court in1954. T
8. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. F
下Unit9
1.The anti-war teach-in by white students in Berkeley began the civil rights movement in the
1960s,the first of several social movements during that decade.___
2.We Shall Overcome!" is a very famous anti-war song during the 1960s._____
3.In the 1960s, three groups - Afro-Americans, Asia Americans and women - were dissatisfied
with their lives.--------
4.During WWII ,many American Negroes had a taste od life by moving to to and working in the
North.------
5.When the civil rights movement began,non-violent ,direct action tactics like “sit-ins”and
boycotts were the chief vehicle for social protest._____
6. A social movement is possible only when there are organizations,and spontaneous
actions___
7.Malcolm X became known throughtout the Sixties because of his leadershiop role in the civil
rights movement.___
8. A great moment for the civil rights movement was the March on Washington on August, 196
3 when President Kennedy gave the famous " I Have a Dream" speech._____
9.In 1966,the black panther party for self-defence was organized on Oakland,whose major
work was to enforce civil rights laws.___
10. The arrest of a CORE organizer at the campus of University of California at Berkeley touched
off the Free Speech Movement which catapulted Mario Savio to the status of a student hero.
T
11. Betty Friedan?s book The Feminine Mystique (1963) stirred highly charged responses from
thousands women who reported from its first year of publication to this day that it changed their lives. T
下Unit 10 Social Problems in the United States
1.The United States was found on the principle of human quality, and in reality the nation has li
ved up to that ideal. F
2.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States now is the blacks, or Afro-A
mericans, who account for 11.7% of the population. F
3. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed The Emancipation Proclamation which together with the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in 1865 legally abolished the slavery. T
4. problem of poverty does not exist in the United States because the overall distribution of wealth and income is equal. F
5. Drug abuse in the United States has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation. T
6. President Richard Nixon?s administration was topped because of the Watergate Affair, with many administrative officials later facing criminal charges and some being imprisoned, T
7. The CIA, which is a branch of the United States Federal government is in charge of investigating violations of certain federal laws inside the United States. F
8. Corruption in the United States takes form of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, and tax
evasion. T
9. Statistics usually overlook white-collar crimes because they are affected by police reporting practices and that many crimes are unreported. T
10. The president of Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon were marked by a well-founded public belief that their administrations were deliberately and systematically lying to the people.。