高中英语直接引语与间接引语讲义

干脆引语和间接引语

一、概念：干脆引语指干脆引用别人的话，故必需有引号；间接引语为转述别人的话，无引号。

e.g.He said,“I went to the Green Lake yesterday.”(干脆引语)

He said that he had gone to the Green Lake the day before.(间接引语)

二、步骤（如何把干脆引语变为间接引语）：

连接词→人称→时态→状语→语序

第一步：连接词

1、干脆引语为陈述句，用that.

2、干脆引语为一般疑问句，用whether或if(主句动词常为ask)

3、干脆引语为特别疑问句，用特别疑问词（what, when, how等）

4、干脆引语为祈使句，用tell/order/ask sb.(not)to do sth.

e.g.

(1)He said, “I went to the Green Lake yesterday.”(陈述句)

He said that…

(2)He asked,“Did you go to the Green Lake yesterday?”

He asked whether/if…

(3)Don’t make so much noise,children!”she said.

She told the children not to make so much noise.

其次步：人称的变更

一般可以通过翻译来转化人称，也可以通过口诀“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”来记忆。

e.g.He said,“I went to the Green Lake yesterday.”

He said that he…

翻译出来为：（他说，“我昨天去翠湖了。”），那么转换过来为：（他说,他昨天去了翠湖。）由此可见，翻译出来后人称很好转化。

第三步：时态的变更（引号内的内容向前推一个时态）

e.g.He said,“I went to the Green Lake yesterday.”(一般过去时)

He said that he had gone...(过去完成时)

【留意】以下几种状况时态不变

①干脆引语是客观真理。

The teacher said,“The earth moves around the sun.”

→The teacher told me that the earth moves around the sun earth.

②干脆引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

Jack said.“I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”

→Jack said that he was doing chores when Tom came to see him

③干脆引语中有详细的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Jack said."I was born on April2l,1980."→Jack said that he was born on April21,1980.

④干脆引语假如是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，

时态不变。如：

He said,“I get up at six every morning.”

→He said that he gets up at six every morning.

第四步：状语的变更

第五步：陈述句语序（易错点）

干脆引语的类型间接引语的变更例句

陈述句

间接引语的引导词that可以省略；主句的引述词有say,tell,report,answer,reply,explain,announce,think等；主句一般位于句首；间接引语用陈述句语序。“I’m leaving for Tokyo on business tomorrow”,Mr.Smith said me.→Mr.Smith told me that he was leaving for Tokyo on business the next day.

疑问句

间接引语必需将疑问句语序

一般疑问句

由if/whether引导从句

【留意】

1.干脆引语是祈使句，若表示恳求，变为间接引语时，应运用ask sb.（not）to do sth.

若表示吩咐，应当运用tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.

2.干脆引语是以let’s 开头的祈使句，变间接时，通常用suggest+动名词/从句

同样，当疑问句并不是表示怀疑，而是建议等时，也可用suggest/advise

e.g. shall we get the ticket first?——he suggest

Why don’t you send it back to the factory?

3.干脆引语中凡有When,since,while 引导的从句,在变为间接引语时,只变更主句时态,从句的时态不变

Grammar Work[语法专练]

1．将下面的干脆引语改为间接引语

a.Aunt Emily said to me,“I will take your daughter to the history museum tomorrow.”

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b.Tom asked,“Do you have the habit of having sports every day?”

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c.My sister asked me,“When did you find the answer to this question?”

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d.“My workers are trying to finish this task ahead of time,”the engineer said to us.

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e.Mr.Smith said to us,“Don’t be late for school tomorrow,please.”

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2．将下面的间接引语改为干脆引语

a.The teacher asked us who could solve that difficult question.

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b.The traveler said that everything had changed since he came last time.

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c.The old man order his grandsons to be quiet.

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d.He said that his parents should have been there three days before,but they were not there then.

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e.The interviewee asked me when I was born.