英语划分句子成分精讲和练习题

句子
句子从目的上分：
1.陈述句
2疑问句
1）一般疑问句2）选择疑问句
3）反意疑问句4）特殊疑问句
5）双重疑问句
3．祈使句
4．感叹句
句子从结构上分：
1．简单句
2．并列句（并列复合句）
3．复合句（主从复合句）
1）名词性从句：（1）主从(2) 宾从(3)表从(4)同从2）形容词性从句
定从（限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句）3) 副词性从句（状从）
简单句的五种基本句型
subject）: 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。

The sun rises in the east.（名词）
He likes dancing.（代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态
和特征。

He is a teacher.
（名词）？
Five and five is ten. （数词）
He is asleep.（形容词）
His father is in. （副词）
The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
feel（感觉）
...
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you.（动名词）
I hope to see you again.（不定式）
Did you write down what he said
（宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
3间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
We elected him monitor. （名词）
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词）
We found nobody in.( 副词)
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）
Don’t let him do that. （省to
不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）
（过去分词）
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）
He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in
her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）
（定语从句）
v., adj., adv., or 句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目
的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步
怎样划分英语句子中的成分
主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语分别有什么用
法，应该怎样划分首先，要熟悉五种句子的基本结构，其次，要系
统学习名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词等此类，了解什么
词可以充当句中的什么要素。

一般的，名词做主语和宾语，动词作
谓语，形容词修饰名词和做表语，副词修饰句子或者动词……
定语、状语
句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、
nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通
常置后。

副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词
pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there.
/那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./
教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./
有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆
珠笔。

副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
/写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。

分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

参加游戏的男孩有五个。

状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、
条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之
后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词
之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放
在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间
（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、
助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls
the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in
the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’
（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom,the
boy calls the girl.\'
副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。

（程度状
语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需
要他母亲买的那支钢笔。

（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。

（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The
boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。

（时间状语）
介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，
男孩需要一支钢笔。

（地点状语）
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./
在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./
星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there,asking for a pen./
他坐在那儿要一支笔。

（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.
/因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。

（原因状语）
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./
（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。

（原因状语）
不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作
业。

（目的状语）
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in
business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语：
Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）
状语从句：
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目
的状语从句
、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加
以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。

如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同
一批‘学生’）
是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为
句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。

感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

肯定词yes
否定词no
称呼语：称呼人的用语。

插入语：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。

如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远
没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也
许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。

分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则
应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。

例：
错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.
或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是
句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your
score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语
一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过
已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不
过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如：
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without
引导，作状语或定语。

这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、
形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。

如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。

The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付
眼镜。

（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
划分句子成分练习一
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There is an old man coming here.
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词
①I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③Do you usually go to school by bus
A. Do
B. usually D. bus
④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to
A. give C. whom D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④How many new words did you learn last class
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦They made him monitor of the class.
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）
①The old man was feeling very tired.
②Why is he worried about Jim
③The leaves have turned yellow.
④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）
①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.
②What is your given name
③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）
①There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）
①Please tell us a story.
②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④Here is a it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me
划分句子成分练习二
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ．
8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open.
10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one.
14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．
will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find
him．
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this
month.
24. Go back where you came from.
25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hungry.
27. Would you please pass me the cup
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher.
29. Do you know the latest news about him
30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
翻译练习：
1你应当努力学习。

2她昨天回家很晚。

3那天早上我们谈了很多。

4会议将持续两个小时。

5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。

7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。

8每天八时开始上课。

9这个盒子重五公斤。

1昨晚我写了一封信。

2今天下午我想同你谈谈。

3这本书他读过多次了。

4他们成功地完成了计划。

5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。

6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。

8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。

1我的兄弟都是大学生。

2冬季白天短，夜晚长。

3布朗夫人看起来很健康。

4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

5孩子们，请保持安静。

6这本书是有关美国历史的书。

7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。

8他失业了。

9树叶已经变黄了。

1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。

2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。

4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗
5. 他把车票给列车员看。

6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。

8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。

9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗
1我们叫她Alice.
2他的父母给他取名为John. 3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。

4他们把门推开了。

5他们把小偷释放了。

6我们要使学校变得更美丽。

7他请我们参加做游戏。

8我要你把真相告诉我。

9卫兵命令我们立即离开。

10明天我要找人来修理机器。

11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。

13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。

14他每个月理一次发。

15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。

16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 17她正在听人家讲故事。

18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。

19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。

20
他感到很难跟你交谈。

21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。

22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。

23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。

1今晚没有会。

2这个村子过去只有一口井。

3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。

4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。

5天气预报说下午有大风。

6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。

7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。

8恰好那时房里没人。

9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。

10公共汽车来了。

11就只剩下二十八美元了。

12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。

13铃响了。

14二月份有二十八天。

答案
(一)① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二)① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨ A ⑩ A
(三)①homework. ②English. ③attention ④ words ⑤to go
swimming ⑥ he was ill. ⑦ him monitor ⑧bridge museum ⑨ it
school. ⑩ who"Father Christmas"really is.
(四)①tired. ②worried ③yellow. ④interested ⑤the first
(五)① family ②given ③third ④ some ⑤ downstairs ⑥ of the
other shoe!
(六)①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③ difficult
④ Lily ⑤ get on the bus ⑥ playing football
(七)① on her face. ②Every night ③ when he was eleven.
④ too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm ⑥ because she
loves books. ⑦ if you’ve lost it ⑧ to see the other machine.
(八)① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语
② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history,
直接宾语
④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接
宾语
句子成分二
分析下列句子成分
1. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
4. 主语＋双宾动词＋
间接宾语＋直接宾语
5. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
6. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it
＋ 宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10. 主语＋双宾动词＋
间接宾语＋直接宾语
11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12 主语 ＋及物动词
＋宾语
13. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 14. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋
宾语补足语
15. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 16. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋
宾语补足语
17. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾
语＋直接宾语
19. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 20. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
21. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 22. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
23. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
25. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 26. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 28. 主语＋双宾动词
＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
29. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1You should study hard.
2 She went home very late yesterday evening.
3That morning we talked a great deal.
4The meeting will last two hours.
5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten
years.
6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
8Classes begin at eight every day.
9This box weighs five kilos.
10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.
主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
wrote a letter last night.
want to talk with you this afternoon.
has read this book many times.
have carried out the plan successfully.
must finish reading these books in two weeks.
gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
cannot dress himself.
of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
did not know what to say.
主系表结构 （主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 ）
1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and
the nights are long.
3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a
famous pianist.
5 Children, keep quiet please.
6 This book is about the history of the
United States.
7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.
9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.
双宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 ）
1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4Would you please pass me the dictionary
5He showed the ticket to the conductor.
6This term I have written three letters to my parents.
7My father has bought me a new bike.
8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.
9Will you please get me a new copy
10 Shall I call you a taxi
复合宾语结构（主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语）1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John.
3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open.
5They have set the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful.
7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth. 9The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out.
13We won’t let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month.
15I’ll get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories.
18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.
19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you.
21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.
23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.
24I thought it no use talking with that man
There be 句型
1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2There was only a well in the village.
3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6
6The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
7There used to be a cinema here before the war.
8There happened to be nobody in the room.
9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
10There comes the bus.
11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.
12In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.
13There goes the bell.
14There are twenty-eight days in February。