流体力学常用名词中英文对照

流体力学常用名词
流体动力学fluid dynamics
连续介质力学mechanics of continuous
介质medium
流体质点fluid particle
无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid
连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis
流体运动学fluid kinematics
水静力学hydrostatics
液体静力学hydrostatics
支配方程governing equation
伯努利方程Bernoulli equation
伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem
毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law
欧拉方程Euler equation
亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem
开尔文定理Kelvin theorem
涡片vortex sheet
库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution
达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox
雷诺数Reynolds number
施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number
随体导数material derivative
不可压缩流体incompressible fluid
质量守恒conservation of mass
动量守恒conservation of momentum
能量守恒conservation of energy
动量方程momentum equation
能量方程energy equation
控制体积control volume
液体静压hydrostatic pressure
涡量拟能enstrophy
压差differential pressure
流［动］flow
流线stream line
流面stream surface
流管stream tube
迹线path, path line
流场flow field
流态flow regime
流动参量flow parameter
流量flow rate, flow discharge
涡旋vortex
涡量vorticity
涡丝vortex filament 涡线vortex line 涡面vortex surface 涡层vortex layer 涡环vortex ring 涡对vortex pair 涡管vortex tube 涡街vortex street 卡门涡街『Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex 对流涡胞convective cell 卷筒涡胞roll cell 涡eddy 涡粘性eddy viscosity 环流circulation 环量circulation
速度环量velocity circulation 偶极子doublet, dipole 驻点stagnation point 总压［力］total pressure 总压头total head 静压头static head 总焓total enthalpy 能量输运energy transport 速度剖面velocity profile 库埃特流Couette flow 单相流single phase flow 单组份流single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow 非均匀流nonuniform flow 二维流two-dimensional flow 三维流three-dimensional flow 准定常流quasi-steady flow 非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow 周期流periodic flow 振荡流oscillatory flow 分层流stratified flow 无旋流irrotational flow 有旋流rotational flow 轴对称流axisymmetric flow 不可压缩性incompressibility 不可压缩流［动］incompressible flow
浮体floating body 定倾中心metacenter 阻力drag, resistance 减阻drag reduction 表面力surface force 表面张力surface tension 毛细［管］作用capillarity 来流incoming flow 自由流free stream 自由流线free stream line 外流external flow 进口entrance, inlet 出口exit, outlet
扰动disturbance, perturbation
分布distribution 传播propagation 色散dispersion 弥散dispersion 附力口质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction 镜象法image method
无量纲参数dimensionless parameter
几何相似geometric similarity 运动相似kinematic similarity 动力相似［性］dynamic similarity 平面流plane flow 势potential 势流potential flow 速度势velocity potential 复势complex potential 复速度complex velocity 流函数stream function 源source 汇sink
速度［水］头velocity head
拐角流corner flow
空泡流cavity flow 超空泡supercavity 超空泡流supercavity flow 空气动力学aerodynamics 低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed
aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics 亚声速流［动］subsonic flow 跨声速流［动］transonic flow
超声速流［动］supersonic flow
锥形流conical flow
楔流wedge flow
叶栅流cascade flow
非平衡流［动］non-equilibrium flow
细长体slender body
细长度slenderness
钝头体bluff body
钝体blunt body
翼型airfoil
翼弦chord
薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory
构型configuration
后缘trailing edge
迎角angle of attack
失速stall
月兑体激波detached shock wave
波阻wave drag
诱导阻力induced drag
诱导速度induced velocity
临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number
前缘涡leading edge vortex
附着涡bound vortex
约束涡confined vortex
气动中心aerodynamic center
气动力aerodynamic force
气动噪声aerodynamic noise
气动力口热aerodynamic heating
离解dissociation
地面效应ground effect
气体动力学gas dynamics
稀疏波rarefaction wave
热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle
普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow
瑞利流Rayleigh flow
可压缩流［动］compressible flow
可压缩流体compressible fluid
绝热流adiabatic flow
非绝热流diabatic flow
未扰动流undisturbed flow
等熵流isentropic flow
匀熵流homoentropic flow 兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state 量热状态方
程caloric equation of state 完全气体perfect gas 拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle 马赫角Mach angle 马赫锥Mach cone 马赫线Mach line 马赫数Mach number 马赫波Mach wave 当地马赫数local Mach number 冲击波shock wave 激波shock wave 正激波normal shock wave 斜激波oblique shock wave 头波bow wave 附体激波attached shock wave 激波阵面shock front 激波层shock layer 压缩波compression wave 反射reflection 折射refraction 散射scattering 衍射diffraction 绕射diffraction 出口压力exit pressure 超压［强］over pressure 反压back pressure 爆炸explosion 爆轰detonation 缓燃deflagration 水动力学hydrodynamics 液体动力学hydrodynamics 泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave 斯托克斯波Stokes wave 瑞利数Rayleigh number 自由面free surface
波速wave speed, wave velocity
波高wave height 波歹U wave train 波群wave group 波能wave energy 表面波surface wave
表面张力波capillary wave
规则波regular wave
不规则波irregular wave
浅水波shallow water wave
深水波deep water wave
重力波gravity wave
椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave
潮波tidal wave
涌波surge wave
破碎波breaking wave
船波ship wave
非线性波nonlinear wave
孤立子soliton
水动［力］噪声hydrodynamic noise
水击water hammer
空化cavitation
空化数cavitation number
空蚀cavitation damage 超空化流supercavitating flow
水翼hydrofoil
水力学hydraulics
洪水波flood wave
涟漪ripple
消能energy dissipation
海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics
谢齐公式Chezy formula
欧拉数Euler number
弗劳德数Froude number
水力半径hydraulic radius
水力坡度hvdraulic slope
高度水头elevating head
水头损失head loss
水位water level
水跃hydraulic jump
含水层aquifer
排水drainage
排放量discharge
壅水曲线back water curve
压［强水］头pressure head
过水断面flow cross-section
明槽流open channel flow
孑1流orifice flow
无压流free surface flow
有压流pressure flow
缓流subcritical flow
急流supercritical flow
渐变流gradually varied flow
急变流rapidly varied flow
临界流critical flow
异重流density current, gravity flow
堰流weir flow
掺气流aerated flow
含沙流sediment-laden stream
降水曲线dropdown curve
沉积物sediment, deposit
沉［降堆］积sedimentation, deposition
沉降速度settling velocity
流动稳定性flow stability
不稳定性instability
奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation
泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow
奥辛流Oseen flow
剪切流shear flow
粘性流［动］viscous flow
层流laminar flow
分离流separated flow
二次流secondary flow
近场流near field flow
远场流far field flow
滞止流stagnation flow
尾流wake ［flow］
回流back flow
反流reverse flow
射流jet
自由射流free jet
管流pipe flow, tube flow
内流internal flow
拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process 表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity 泊poise
厘泊centipoise
厘沱centistoke
剪切层shear layer
次层sublayer
流动分离flow separation
层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point 附着点attachment point 再附reattachment
再层流化relaminarization 起动涡starting vortex 驻涡standing vortex 涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落vortex shedding 压［力］降pressure drop 压差阻力pressure drag 压力能pressure energy 型阻profile drag 滑移速度slip velocity 无滑移条件non-slip condition 壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度friction velocity 磨擦损失friction loss
磨擦因子friction factor
耗散dissipation
滞后lag
相似性解similar solution
局域相似local similarity 气体润滑gas lubrication 液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 浆体slurry
泰勒数Taylor number
纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid
边界层理论boundary later theory 边界层方程boundary layer equation 边界层boundary layer 附面层boundary layer
层流边界层laminar boundary layer 湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer 温度边界层thermal boundary layer 边界层转捩boundary layer transition 边界层分离boundary layer separation 边界层厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness 动量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度energy thickness 焓厚度enthalpy thickness
注入injection
吸出suction
泰勒涡Taylor vortex
速度亏损律velocity defect law
形状因子shape factor
测速法anemometry
粘度测定法visco[si] metry
流动显示flow visualization
油烟显示oil smoke visualization
孔板流量计orifice meter
频率响应frequency response
油膜显示oil film visualization
阴影法shadow method
纹影法schlieren method
烟丝法smoke wire method
丝线法tuft method说明
氢泡法nydrogen bubble method
相似理论similarity theory
相似律similarity law
部分相似partial similarity
定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem
静[态]校准static calibration
动态校准dynamic calibration
风洞wind tunnel
激波管shock tube
激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel
水洞water tunnel
拖曳水池towing tank
旋臂水池rotating arm basin
扩散段diffuser
测压孔pressure tap
皮托管pitot tube
普雷斯顿管preston tube
斯坦顿管Stanton tube
文丘里管Venturi tube
U 形管U-tube
压强计manometer
微压计micromanometer
多管压强计multiple manometer
静压管static [pressure]tube
流速计anemometer
风速管Pitot- static tube
激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer,laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer
热膜流速计hot- film anemometer
流量计flow meter
粘度计visco[si] meter
涡量计vorticity meter
传感器transducer, sensor
压强传感器pressure transducer
热敏电阻thermistor
示踪物tracer
时间线time line
脉线streak line
尺度效应scale effect
壁效应wall effect
堵塞blockage
堵寒效应blockage effect
动态响应dynamic response
响应频率response frequency
底压base pressure
菲克定律Fick law
巴塞特力Basset force
埃克特数Eckert number
格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number
努塞特数Nusselt number
普朗特数prandtl number
雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy
施密特数schmidt number
斯坦顿数Stanton number
对流convection
自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion 强迫对流forced convection
热对流heat convection
质量传递mass transfer
传质系数mass transfer coefficient
热量传递heat transfer
传热系数heat transfer coefficient
对流传热convective heat transfer
辐射传热radiative heat transfer
动量交换momentum transfer
能量传递energy transfer
传导conduction
热传导conductive heat transfer
热交换heat exchange
临界热通量critical heat flux
浓度concentration
扩散diffusion
扩散性diffusivity
扩散率diffusivity
扩散速度diffusion velocity
分子扩散molecular diffusion
沸腾boiling
蒸发evaporation
气化gasification
凝结condensation
成核nucleation
计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem
伯格斯方程Burgers equation
对流扩散方程convection diffusion equation KDU 方程KDV equation
修正微分方程modified differential equation 拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem
数值模拟numerical simulation
大涡模拟large eddy simulation
数值粘性numerical viscosity
非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability
希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis
相容条件consistency condition
CFL 条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition
熵条件entropy condition
远场边界条件far field boundary condition
流入边界条件inflow boundary condition
无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition
数值边界条件numerical boundary condition
流出边界条件outflow boundary condition
冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition
近似因子分解法approximate factorization method
人工压缩artificial compression
人工粘性artificial viscosity
边界元法boundary element method
配置方法collocation method
能量法energy method
有限体积法finite volume method
流体网格法fluid in cell method,FLIC method
通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method
通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method
伽辽金法Galerkin method
积分方法integral method
标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method
特征线法method of characteristics
直线法method of lines
矩量法moment method
多重网格法multi- grid method
板块法panel method
质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method
质点法particle method
预估校正法predictor-corrector method
投影法projection method
准谱法pseudo-spectral method
随机选取法random choice method
激波捕捉法shock-capturing method
激波拟合法shock-fitting method
谱方法spectral method
稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method
不定常法time-dependent method
时间分步法time splitting method
变分法variational method
涡方法vortex method
隐格式implicit scheme
显格式explicit scheme
交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme
反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme
紧差分格式compact difference scheme
守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme
克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme
杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme
指数格式exponential scheme
戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme
高分辨率格式high resolution scheme
拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme
蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme
单调差分格式monotone difference scheme
保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme
穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme
半隐格式semi-implicit scheme
斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme
全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme
迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme
计算区域computational domain
物理区域physical domain
影响域domain of influence
依赖域domain of dependence
区域分解domain decomposition 维数分解dimensional split 物理解physical solution 弱解weak solution 黎曼解算子Riemann solver 守恒型conservation form 弱守恒型weak conservation form 强守恒型strong conservation form 散度型divergence form 贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates ［自］适应网格［self-］ adaptive mesh 适应网格生成adaptive grid generation 自动网格生成automatic grid generation 数值网格生成numerical grid generation 交错网格staggered mesh 网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number 数植扩散numerical diffusion 数值耗散numerical dissipation 数值色散numerical dispersion 数值通量numerical flux 放大因子amplification factor 放大矩阵amplification matrix 阻尼误差damping error 离散涡discrete vortex 熵通量entropy flux 熵函数entropy function 分步法fractional step method。