英语专题汇编阅读理解(科普环保)(一)及解析

英语专题汇编阅读理解(科普环保)(一)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Moving in with a boyfriend causes women to eat more unhealthily and put on weight. But the opposite is true for men, whose long-term health benefits when they move in with a female partner.
Dieticians at Newcastle University said both partners try to please one another, and so change their dietary habits to suit their other half.
It leads men to eat more light meals, such as salads, fruit and vegetables, while women choose to make creamier, heavier dishes curry or rich pasta sauces, which may please their partner. Women still have the strongest long-term influence over the couple's diet and lifestyle, as they still have the traditional role of shopper and cook in most households.
The report, by Newcastle University's Human Nutrition Research Centre, reviewed the finding of a variety of research projects from the UK, North America and Australia, which looked at the eating and lifestyle habits of couples.
The research shows that women are more likely to put on weight and increase their consumption of foods high in fat and sugar when they move in with their partner
Women also use food as a comfort when dealing with emotional stress and have been found to gain weight when a relationship ends, while the same finding has not been observed in men.
Many couples reported food as being central to their partnership, and eating together in the evening was particularly important to many.
Report author and registered dietician Dr. Amelia Lake said, "The research has shown that your partner is a strong influence on lifestyle and people who are trying to live healthier lives should take this factor into consideration."
（1）According to the passage, moving in with a girlfriend, men ________.
A. have few changes of their dietary habits
B. have to eat more unhealthy foods
C. don't like foods high in fat and sugar at all
D. try to eat foods that their girlfriends like
（2）The underlined word "light" (in Paragraph 4) probably means ________.
A. not very heavy
B. less in fat and sugar
C. gentle
D. not serious or important （3）According to the report by Newcastle University's Human Nutrition Research Centre, ________.
A. women put on weight only because they want to suit their other half
B. when men are faced with emotional stress, they will change their dietary habits
C. eating together in the evening is a good way to communicate for couples
D. it is wrong to change your dietary habits to suit your partner
（4）From the passage, we can infer that ________.
A. women should pay more attention to their partner's influence on them
B. more men will play roles of shopper and cook in most households
C. couples will not change their dietary habits and lifestyle to please their partner
D. long-term health of men benefits when they move in with a female partner
（5）What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Don't be silly any more, women!
B. Which are better dietary habits?
C. Boyfriends make you fat
D. Dr. Amelia Lake and his study
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
（5）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“which may please their partner”可知，男女双方会改变自己的饮食习惯来迎合对方，因此男士会吃他的女伴喜欢吃的食物。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“salads, fruit and vegetables”可推断，light在此是“清淡的”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比较少。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“eating together in the evening was particularly important to many.”晚上一起吃饭对许多人来说特别重要，可知选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“The research has shown that your partner is a strong influence on lifestyle and people who are trying to live healthier lives should take this factor into consideration.”研究表明你的伴侣对你的生活方式有很大的影响,那些试图过上健康生活的人应该考虑到这一因素。

可选A。

（5）考查主旨大意。

纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。

C项幽默风趣，能吸引读者的注意，并切中文章的主题。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解
The Alexander technique
Until earlier this year, I didn't know anything about the Alexander technique—and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backache I regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they'll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, "You actually have bad posture (姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique." Three months later I could walk straighter and sit better.
The Alexander technique is a way of learning how you can get rid of harmful tension in your body. The teaching focuses on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort. There is little effort in the lessons themselves, which sets apart the Alexander technique from yoga or pilates, which are exercise-based. A typical lesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand with minimum effort. You spend some time lying on a bench with your knees bent to straighten the spine (脊椎) and relax your body while the teacher moves your arms and legs to
train you to move them correctly.
The technique helps to break the bad habits accumulated over years. Try folding your arms the opposite way to normal. This is an example of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carry our heads too far back. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any inappropriate posture can cause problems for the body. The technique teaches you to let go of the muscles holding the head back, allowing it to go back to its natural place on the top of our spines.
So who was Alexander and how did he come up with the technique? Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results. He brought his technique to London and opened a teacher-training school, which is still successful today.
So if you're walking along the road one day with shoulders bent forward, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thought to the Alexander technique. It will help you walk tall again.
（1）What does the author suggest in Paragraph 1?
A. She felt no better after the treatment.
B. She got bored with the Alexander technique.
C. She was sceptical about the doctor's method.
D. She was unwilling to seek treatment for her backache.
（2）What is the principle of the Alexander technique?
A. Physical tension shouldn't be completely relieved.
B. The technique shouldn't be combined with other exercises.
C. The practice of the technique shouldn't be attempted alone.
D. Familiar physical actions shouldn't be done with much effort.
（3）What can we learn about Frederick Alexander?
A. He managed to recover his vocal powers.
B. He was eager to make a name for himself.
C. He developed a form of exercise for actors.
D. He had to leave home to develop his technique.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The occurrence of back pain is widespread.
B. Alexander improved the technique to treat body pain.
C. The Alexander technique helps overcome posture problems.
D. People with back pain are victims of inappropriate postures.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“I was brought up to think that the preferred way of
dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they'll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor.”可知，作者从小就被灌输这样的思维，处理疼痛的更好办法就是不做任何事情，希望疼痛自行消失，但是却最终不得不去看医生，故可知，作者看医生都是迫不得已，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effor t.”可知，亚历山大技巧让你更合理使用身体，用最小的努力来做那些习惯性的动作，故可知，该技巧的原则就是用最小的力来做习惯性的动作，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results.”可知，弗雷德里克·亚历山大，一个出身于186年的澳大利亚演员，在年轻的时候声音出了问题。

他做了分析，意识到自己的姿势不正确，因此致力于改善姿势，结果很好，故可知，他通过矫正姿势，解决了自己的声音问题，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者，故可知在介绍亚历山大技巧的作用，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解
Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken "family-style" from a central plate can greatly improve the outcome of later negotiations.
Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.
For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.
The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules. The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（13.2 rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104
participants and Goldfish crackers（饼干）, this time negotiating an airline's route prices. The
results were much the same, with the food-sharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time.
（1）What does the "family-style" meal in the report refer to？
A. A meal taken at home.
B. A meal shared with others.
C. A meal consumed by oneself.
D. A meal taken in a family atmosphere.
（2）For what purpose did the researchers carry out the present experiments?
A. To show the way food is served.
B. To prove sharing food increases competition.
C. To confirm sharing food can promote cooperation.
D. To find out whether sharing food can get people close emotionally.
（3）Why were participants asked to eat up the snack before the game?
A. To add to their energy.
B. To reward them for their participation.
C. To hide the intention of the experiment.
D. To avoid the distraction during the game.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了外交宴席的心理学，研究表明，从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result.”他们形成了一套理论，认为一方面，与他人一起吃饭可能表明粮食短缺，并加强了竞争的概念。

然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。

可知family-style指的是与别人一起用餐，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.”然而，他们还推断，这种方式可能会导致人们更加了解他人的需求，从而推动合作性的行为。

出于好奇心，他们做了一系列实验。

可知选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.”作为实验的掩护，所有受试者都得告在游戏开始前就要吃完这些零食。

可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
When Andrew Kaplan recalls, his stories leave the impression that he has managed to pack multiple lives into a single existence: A war reporter in his 20s. an army member, a successful businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.
Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become "AndyBot"--- a virtual person who will be: immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years
If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.
Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as one of the world's first digital humans.
For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a new generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似) of virtual immortality, which gives people the opportunity to preserve one's legacy(遗产) online forever.
Kaplan is eager to become one of the world's first virtual residents, partly because he considers the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.
If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss. "AndyBot" may become one of the world's first: meaningful examples, raising complex philosophical questions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself.
（1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A.To highlight Kaplan's achievements.
B.To introduce the topic- -AndyBot.
C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan.
D.To introduce Kaplan's life.
（2）Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot?
A.He wanted to share his life experience as long as possible.
B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him.
C.He believed this action will help with his novels.
D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life.
（3）What might the AndyBot do for future generations?
A.He may use voice computing platforms.
B.He may use a new body to go on living.
C.He may offer some guidance.
D.He may ask them questions.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science.
B.People can talk with their late family members freely.
C.Scientists have made great progress in computer science.
D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。

主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become “AndyBot”--- a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become ‘AndyBot’...a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“If all goes according to plan. future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone. ”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。

可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods(间冰期)in northwest Greenland.
Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. "As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland.
We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there," Axford said. "We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙)."
This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. "Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world," said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. "One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today," said Axford.
People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.
Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.
（1）Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?
A.They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.
B.They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.
C.They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.
D.They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.
（2）The new information about Greenland is important because______________.
A.researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland's warming speed
B.it can help researchers better predict Greenland's response to warming
C.people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in Greenland
D.it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming
（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A.It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits.
B.People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.
C.Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.
D.Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.
（4）Which do you think is the best title of the passage?
A.Greenland Used to Be Much Greener
B.Earth Once Experienced Warm Periods
C.Coastal Cities Warned of Coming Disasters
D.Northwest Greenland, A Perfect Destination
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在古代沉积物中发现的一条微小线索揭开了格陵兰岛过去和未来气候的大秘密。

就在广阔的格陵兰冰原的西北边缘，研究人员发现了在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥。

现在研究人员认为，格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之前认为的更强烈的变暖。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland.”在格陵兰岛西北部，泥浆和常见苍蝇的残骸记录了两次间冰期；以及第二段中的“Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. ”尽管研究人员很早就知道这两个时期——全新世早期和最后一次间冰期——在北极经历了变暖，但混合的蝇类表明格陵兰岛甚至比之前认为的还要热。

可知，在前两段中提到苍蝇的残骸是为了证明格陵兰岛的温度比之前认为的要高得多。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“This new information co uld help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. ”可知，这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对气候变暖的敏感性。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic co untry and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. ‘Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,’” 可知，格陵兰岛覆盖了这个北极国家的80%，拥有相当于全球海平面20英尺的冰。

“格陵兰西北部可能真的感觉很遥远，但冰盖的变化将关系到世界上每个沿海城市的每个人。

”故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文通过最新的发现——最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥及湖泥中的苍蝇残骸及其相关研究说明格陵兰岛之前可能更暖和。

因此，本文的最佳标题应为“格陵兰岛曾经更加绿色”。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Some people sit outside for hours without getting bitten by mosquitoes, but it always seems like you're being eaten alive within minutes of stepping outdoors.
If this is you, you're not alone. According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes' mouths water?
A popular myth claims that mosquitoes prefer certain blood types, but the fact is that they
simply can't tell what your blood type is from a faraway place. Jonathon Day, a professor of medical entomology (昆虫学) at the University of Florida in the US, told NBC it's not complicated. "The two most important reasons a mosquito is attracted to you have to do with sight and smell." Mosquitoes are especially active in the late afternoon. While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find possible targets. They find victims (攻击对象) by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO2) breathed out by humans and animals. That's why you commonly find them in crowded streets and parks.
Joop van Loon, an entomologist at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, told Live Science, "Mosquitoes start orienting (使......朝向) themselves to carbon dioxide and keep flying upwind as they sense higher concentrations (浓度)."
As a result, people who simply exhale (呼出) more of the gas over time –generally, larger people – have been shown to attract more mosquitoes than others. "This is why kids don't get bitten as much ... as adults," US professor Ted Rosen told Science Alert.
This love for CO2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO2 than people of the same age and size who aren't pregnant.
In addition to carbon dioxide, the color of the clothes you wear also plays a role in attracting mosquitoes.
According to Live Science, mosquitoes can lock onto targets from up to 50 meters away. At this distance, what we wear has a huge effect. Due to their vision (视觉), people wearing dark colors are more likely to become targets.
Being bitten by mosquitoes is annoying, but don't worry. Some simple tips can help ward them off. Scientists recommend that we use insect repellent (驱虫剂) and wear light-colored clothing.（1）How do mosquitoes locate their targets, according to the article?
A.By seeking out bright clothes.
B.By identifying different blood types.
C.By sensing an increase of carbon dioxide.
D.By following bigger crowds.
（2）Why are pregnant women more likely to be bitten by mosquitoes?
A.Their larger size helps mosquitoes to see them.
B.They breathe out more CO2.
C.They are more likely to sweat.
D.Their body temperatures are higher.
（3）How does the article advise you to avoid mosquitoes?
A.Exercise regularly.
B.Wear light-colored clothing.
C.Keep your skin dry and clean.
D.Stay indoors in the evening.
（4）What's the article mainly about?
A.A new finding about mosquitoes.
B.How people can avoid mosquito bites.
C.A popular myth about mosquitoes.
D.Why some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么有些人可以整个夏天坐在户外乘凉却不被蚊子叮咬，而有些人一出门就好像要被蚊子吃掉一样。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find possible targets. They find victims by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO2) breathed out by humans and animals. ”飞的时候，它们用嗅觉发现目标。

它们通过闻人和动物呼出的二氧化碳来锁定目标；以及第五段中的“Mosquitoes start orienting themselves to carbon dioxide and keep flying upwind as they sense higher concentrations”蚊子开始飞向有二氧化碳的地方，当它们感知到高浓度的二氧化碳时，就保持逆流飞行，可知，蚊子通过感知二氧化碳的增加来锁定目标。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第七段“This love for CO2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO2 than people of the same age and size who aren't pregnant.”对二氧化碳的喜欢使得孕妇很容易被蚊子咬，因为她们比正常相同年龄，相同体型的人呼出多余21%的二氧化碳，可知，孕妇呼出更多的二氧化碳，所以更招蚊子咬。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Scientists recommend that we use insect repellent and wear light-colored clothing.”科学家建议我们使用驱虫剂或者穿浅颜色的衣服。

可知，文章建议我们可以通过穿浅色衣服来避免蚊子叮咬。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes' mouths water?”根据Smithsonian杂志，世界上大约20%的人容易招蚊子咬。

为什么这些人非常吸引蚊子呢？可知，本文探讨的话题是：为什么一些人比其他人更容易招蚊子。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Moving smoothly and silently through Alibaba Group Holding Ltd's futuristic "FlyZoo" hotel, black disc-shaped robots about a metre in height deliver food and drop off fresh towels.
The robots are part of a set of high-tech tools that Alibaba says strongly cuts the hotel's cost of human labour and eliminates the need for guests to interact with other people.
Formally opened to the public last month, the 290-room FlyZoo is an incubator for technology Alibaba wants to sell to the hotel industry in the future and an opportunity to showcase its prowess in artificial intelligence. It is also an experiment that tests consumer comfort levels with unmanned commerce in China.
Inside the hotel, softly-lit white panelled walls bring to mind the interiors of Hollywood
spaceships. Guests check in at podiums that scan their faces, as well as passports or other ID. Visitors with a Chinese national ID can scan their faces using their smartphones to check in ahead of time.
Elevators scan guests' faces again to verify which floor they can access and hotel room doors are opened with another face scan.
"It's very quick and safe. I haven't used it much yet, but basically, I can be in my room in one minute, "said guest Tracy Li. Li added that safety was one of her priorities and she was pleased her room could only be entered with a scan of her face.
In the rooms, Alibaba's voice command technology is used to change the temperature, close the curtains, adjust the lighting and order room service.
At the hotel's restaurant, taller capsule-shaped robots deliver food that guests have ordered via the FlyZoo app while at a separate bar, a large robotic arm can mix more than 20 different types of cocktails. Facial recognition cameras add charges to the room rate automatically.
The hotel does employ humans, though Alibaba declined to detail how many. This includes chefs and cleaners as well as reception staff, who will assist with conventional check-in procedures for guests unwilling to have their faces scanned and want to use electronic key cards.（1）What does the underlined word "eliminates" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Removes
B. Meets
C. Limits
D. Increases
（2）Why does Alibaba build the FlyZoo?
A. To cut the cost of consumers.
B. To compete with other hotels.
C. To experiment its artificial intelligence.
D. To make sure of the safety of guests.
（3）What distinctive feature does the FlyZoo have?
A. It doesn't need waiter sand cooks in the restaurant.
B. Its robots can mix cocktails and take food to the guests.
C. Guests can enter the room quickly without scanning.
D. Voice command technology meets all needs of guests.
（4）What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Conventional things must be abolished.
B. Artificial intelligence has many advantages.
C. Personal information of guests is confidential.
D. Humans cannot be replaced completely.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，阿里巴巴把一些智能机器人卖到了宾馆，它的机器人可以混合鸡尾酒和给客人拿食物。

尽管如此，人类无法完全被取代。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“The robots are part of a set of high-tech tools that Alibaba says strongly cuts the hotel's cost of human labour and eliminates the need for guests to。