六西格玛入门课程系列005：改进阶段简介(双语教材)(专业经典系统,新手必备,建议收藏)

Cost Ease to Implement
Effectiveness
Counteractions Fax from Master Contact List
Send Supplier E-Mail version of the PO file
Auto-fax: Modify Access Database to fax and e- mail confirm.
Data entry errors cause extra rework time.
数据录入错误导致了额外的返工时间。
Team’s Ideas for Counteracting this Cause解决这个原因的团队意见: • Fax from master contact list.来自主联系列表的传真。 • Send supplier e-mail version of the PO file.将PO文件译文邮件发送给供应商。 • Auto-fax: Modify Access Database to fax and e-mail confirm
2. Understand what is meant by “output response”, “factors” and a “designed experiment (DOE)”.了解什么是“输出响应”，“因 子”和“设计试验”。
3. Understand what is meant by a counteraction. 了解什么是解决方案。
Johnson Controls, Inc. ©
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Methods for Determining Solutions
确定解决方案的方法
1. Brainstorm, Evaluate, Select
头脑风暴，评估，选择
– Brainstorm how to counteract verified cause. Be creative!对如何解决已认定的
自动传真：修改数据库输入方式为传真，并邮件确认
• Request call return from supplier要求供应商电话回复
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Prototype Process –
Evaluate & Select Counteractions
过程评估&选择解决方案样板
Improve Phase
Overview
改进阶段简介
Course Objectives课程目标
After completing this course, you will be able to:
完成该课程后，你能够：
1. Explain the purpose of Improve Phase within D-MAIC.解释改进 阶段在D-MAIC中的作用。
Inputs
Cycle Time周期时间 Mold Temp模具温度 Holding Pressure持续压力
Holding Time持续时间
Request Call Return from Supplier
Legend: Very effective, easy to implement, low cost高效，易执行，低成本 Moderately effective, moderately east to implement, moderate cost 效率一般，执行性一般，成本一般 Not very effective, hard to implement, high cost低效，难执行，高成本
原因进行头脑风暴。要有创造性！
– Evaluate and select best ideas for counteracting causes.评估、选择最佳方
案来解决原因。
2. Design of Experiments (DOE)设计试验
– Determine best operating conditions.确定最佳操作情形。
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Six Sigma Breakthrough Strategy
六西格玛突破策略
Define
Measure Analyze
Characterize Existing Process 描述、分析现有过程
Improve
Optimize the Process! 优化过程！
，实施性差）:
➢ Improve communication增强沟通 ➢ Develop process focus培养过程关注 ➢ Improve injection molding quality改进注射成型
质量
• Using such counteractions only leads to confusion, since people don’t understand the specific actions to take.由于人们不理解要采取什么具体
4. Determine possible ways to counteract potential causes.确定可 能解决潜在原因的方法。
5. Understand the importance of verifying the counteraction with data.了解用数据验证解决方案的重要性。
行动，用这样的解决方案只会导致混乱。
• When these kinds of counteractions arise in brainstorming, ask: “what specific actions do we need to take to accomplish this item?”当此类解决方
Output (Y)
( ) Prototype Cycle Time 样板周期时间
Output
of the experiment
Objective: To minimize prototype cycle time.
目标：将样板周期时间最小化。
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Molding Example成型举例
Good counteractions are好的解决方案是 • Well defined & • Actionable
定义适当&可实施
Example of well defined, actionable counteraction 定义适当，可实施的解决方案举例: • Add cavity pressure transducer
案在头脑风暴中出现，就问：“我们需要采取什么具体措施来完成 这个项目？”
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Example: Prototype Process – Brainstorm Counteractions
举例：过程头脑风暴解决方案样板
Verified Cause of Long Processing Time验证处理时间长的原因:
to observe the corresponding change in the output (response)
系统改变输入变差（因子）来观察相应输出变差（响应）的变化
Inputs
Outputs (YProcess
Product Design
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– Verify the solutions (counteractions) selected through brainstorming and the evaluation matrix.通过头脑风暴和验
证矩阵检验解决方案。
Factors
Runs A B
C
D
1
-1 -1 -1 -1
2
-1 -1 +1 +1
Which idea should the team select? 团队应该选择哪个意见？
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What is a Designed Experiment?
什么是设计试验？
Deliberate and systematic changes of input variables (factors)
.3..
-1 +1 -1 +1
E Data -1 +1 +1
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What is a Counteraction?什么是解决方案？
A counteraction is anything that is done to reduce or eliminate the effect of a cause.解决方案是用来减少或消除一个原因产生的影响的任何事。
的原因确定并执行解决方案
Remember记住: Be
creative! Think out of the box!要有创造性！跳出思
维局限！
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Improve Phase Tasks改进阶段任务
1. Brainstorm counteractions for each verified cause
Prototype Process Example样板过程举例
Inputs
Time Order Received
认可的时间顺序
P.O. Approach
PO方法
Who Entered Data
录入数据的人
Factors
in the experiment
Process
Prototype Process
(or conduct DOE).对每一个已验证的原因 进行头脑风暴，确定解决方案。
2. Evaluate and select counteractions (or identify best levels from DOE).评估并 选择解决方案（根据DOE确定最佳 水平）。
3. Conduct short-term verification of counteractions, and plan full-scale implementation.解决方案短期验证，并 计划全面实施。
Control
Integrate into
Daily Work
融入日常工作
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Purpose of Improve Phase改进阶段的目标
To identify and implement counteractions to verified causes.对已验证
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Antibiotics (counteraction) eliminate some diseases (effect) by eliminating Bacteria (cause). 抗生素消除细菌以消除一些疾病。
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Useful Counteractions有用的解决方案
减少原因，从而减少结果
A refrigerator (counteraction) reduces spoilage (effect)
by reducing temperature (cause) 冷柜温度降低以减少变质
3. Eliminate the cause, thereby eliminating the effect.消除原因，从而消除结果
Counteractions…
1. Reduce the effect of a cause减少原因产生的结果
A helmet (counteraction)
reduces the
injury (effect) from an impact (cause).头盔减少碰 撞受伤。
2. Reduce the cause, thereby reducing the effect.
to cut off injection pressure at set point.新增腔压力传感器在达到设定值时切断注射压力。
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Less Useful Counteractions不大有用的解决方案
Examples of less useful counteractions (too vague, not actionable):不大有用的解决方案举例（太含糊