高考英语大二轮复习专题语法部分专题三基础点课时第5讲介词教学案

第5讲介词
高考对介词的观察主若是介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配。

语法填空中对介词的考
查不给提示词，因此对考生正确理解句意和语法基本功有较高的要求。

短文改错对介词的考
查主要涉及介词的节余、缺失与错用，其中固定搭配中介词的错用为重点。

因此，考生应在
掌握介词基本用法的同时，还应注意积累总结，特别是固定搭配必然要平时多记忆。

考点感悟
语法填空
语法填空中对介词的观察主要为介词的基本用法和固定搭配。

感 1.(2019 ·北京高考)First celebrated ________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区).
答案： in在1970年，应用介词in 。

在年、月和季节前，用介词in 。

2.(2019 ·安徽高三联考)These might range, for example, from playing table tennis ________ going mountain-biking.
答案： to from ... to意为“从到”，为固定搭配。

故填to 。

3.(2019 ·浙江高考)The answer ________ this question is not clear.
答案： to the answer to ...“ 的答案”。

悟 1. 学会判断可否该填介词①若是空格后为名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，则其前可能填介词；②若是空格处能与空格前的动词或形容词构
成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作宾语，则空格处填介词。

2. 掌握介词的基本用法参照“考点素能一”
3. 熟知介词的固定搭配一般介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配为高考重点( 参照“考点素能二” )
短文改错
短文改错中主要观察介词的基本用法和固定搭配。

感 1.(2019 ·沈阳东北育才高三联考 )Do not refuse to learn a skill when young, as at
the long run you will find them helpful.
_____________________
答案： at →in短语in the long run“从长远来看”。

2.(2019 ·成都龙泉二中高三模拟)I'd like to play the dog while my grandpa was
taking care of his fruit trees.
_____________________
答案：play 后加 with play with “同一起玩”，是固定短语，因此 play 后加 with 。

3.(2019 ·安徽高三联考 )There was a problem. When I asked about fish, in my
terrible French, the assistant thought I wanted chickens.
_____________________
答案： about →for句意：当我用蹩脚的法语要鱼时，店员以为我要的是鸡。

依照句意
可知，作者用法语点餐，想要吃鱼，ask for sth.“央求/要求”，故将about 改为 for 。

4.(2016 ·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short
period of time.
_____________________
答案： dreams 后加 of dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，为固定搭配。

悟短文改错中看到介词要注意以下三点
1.看与动词、名词或形容词搭配可否正确。

2. 留意特别词或固定搭配如answer/key/solution/attitude/approach等词常与介词to 连用。

3. 切莫受汉语影响如，“在帮助下”英文表达为with the help of ...,而不是under the help of ...。

考点素能
一几组常有的介词用法辨析
1． at, in, on表示时间
(1)at表示某一时辰
at 8 ： 00 ( 在 8 点), at noon (在中午), at night (在夜里), at midnight (在子夜), at dawn/daybreak (在破晓，清晨), at sunrise/sunset (在日出/日落), at dusk (在夜晚)
(2)in指上午、下午及夜晚或月、年等较长的时间
in the1980's/1980s,in the Qing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon/evening
(3)on用于表示详尽的日期前( 如：某日、某节日、星期几等)
On October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day, on the morning of July 3rd
2． by, before, after, until/till, during, within表示时间
(1)by指“到时(为止)”
(2)before“在以前”
(3)after“在今后”
(4)until/till指“直到为止”
(5)during“在期间”
(6)within“在之内”
3． between, among表示“ 在之间”
between 指“在之间( 两者之间 ) ”，常和and 连用； among表示“在之间( 三者或三者以上 ) ”。

Keep the close relationship between teachers and students.
保持亲密的师生关系。

4． by, in, on, with表示“ 使用工具、手段、方式等”
(1) 表示“乘、坐 ( 交通工具 ) ”或“经过方式”用by 时，交通工具前不用限制词，
用 in 或 on 时，交通工具前用限制词，如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship, in a car,
in a bus, on one's bike
(2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、资料等的词
Her parents always talk to her in German.
她的父亲母亲总是用德语和她讲话。

(3)with表示使用某种详尽的工具、手段等
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。

5． with的常实用法
( 表示关系 ) 和一起； ( 表示状态 ) 拥有，带有； ( 表示方式 ) 用，依赖；( 表示原因 ) 由于，由于。

Would you like to go to the theatre with us?
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？
The small child trembled with fear.
那个小孩吓得打发抖。

6． for的用法
“( 表示对象、用途等) 为了；给，对；( 表示去向 ) 由于，由于；向，往；就而言”。

The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。

7． beyond 的用法
( 表示地址 ) 在另一边，在更远处；( 表示程度 ) 超出，非所能及。

Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她动人的故事，大家都被动人得无以言表。

二介词常有的搭配
1．名词与介词搭配
by accident/chance有时，碰巧
on board在(船、飞机、火车) 上
on average平均
in charge掌管，主管
in place合适的，合适的
in favo(u)r of赞同，支持
in favour of为了纪念，对表示敬意
in spite of尽管，诚然
in turn依次，转而
in vain空费
in memory of为纪念
in return作为回报
in order按序次，处于优异状态
2．动词与介词搭配
bring about引起
remind sb. of sth.提示某人某事
rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
call for要求，需要
care about关心
get rid of免除，摆脱
run out of用完
adapt to适应
refer to涉及，查阅
come across (有时)碰到
pick up捡起，用车接 ( 某人 ) ，接收，有时习得
look for搜寻
wait for等待
3．形容词与介词搭配
be curious about对好奇
be proud of因而骄傲
be popular with碰到的欢迎
be anxious about为忧虑
be concerned about对担忧、忧虑
be present at出席
be absent from缺席
be free from免于
过关检测 ( 限时： 30 分钟 )
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1． Even though our eyes are closed, they move rapidly from side ________ side.
答案： to
2． ________ the contrary, we laugh and talk during a meal.
答案： On
3． One thing which really upset George was that a customer complained ________
the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over.
答案： about/of
4． If we can change our attitude ________ things in the world, we can certainly
adjust our emotions.
答案： to/towards
5． The villagers collected money to set up a monument ________ memory of those
who died in the great earthquake.
答案： in
6． My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very particular ________ the
food he eats.
答案： about
7． The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the
street.
答案： by
8． It's obvious that the new manager is rich ________ experience.
答案： in
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1． In the morning of last Saturday, we went to visit a big factory in our town.
_____________________
答案： In →On
2． We must pay attention to the way our body makes use the food.
_____________________
答案： use 后加 of
3． She fixed all the radios besides the smallest one, because there were no parts for it.
_____________________
答案： besides →except
4． With an old man leading the way, the scientists walked across the thick forest.
_____________________
答案： across →through
5． At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
_____________________
答案： At →On/Upon
6． Sitting in front of TV all day does harm for our eyes and wastes our time.
_____________________
答案： for →to
7． They are usually curious when they first arrive a foreign country.
_____________________
答案： arrive后加in
8． They talked about what they had done since they graduated a university.
_____________________
答案： graduated后加from
9． More and more high－rise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of
space.
_____________________
答案：第二个 in →for
10． The ice is too thin for us to skate.
_____________________
答案： skate 后加 on
Ⅲ. 语法填空
High school students have defeated __1__ artificial intelligence device designed to pass the National College Entrance Exam, in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.
Forty －three students from liberal arts classes at Chengdu Shishitianfu High
School joined the two－hour contest __2__ (finish) a match test in the standard
national entrance exam against the robot, the brainchild of four years' research by
Zhun Xing Yun Xue Technology Co., Ltd.
Students scored 106 points __3__ average, outperforming the computer program that had 93 points. She Yujia, a student in the contest, said she felt like __4__ (fight)
the program on behalf of humans, especially after Google's AlphaGo __5__ (beat)
professional Go player Lee Sedol of South Korea last year.
Researchers who developed the AI test taker, __6__ is also part of a project by
the Ministry of Science and Technology,said the failure was due to a poor
understanding of concepts in some math problems.
Lin Hui, CEO of the developing company, said more efforts __7__ (make) to fix
bugs and improve performance of the program in the near future, with a focus on math
__8__ (apply)．
Chinese students are usually separated into science and liberal arts classes at high school, a practice that allows them to stay __9__ (compete) in the college
entrance exam by choosing __10__ (prefer) subjects. Math tests for liberal arts
students are usually easier than those given to science students.
1． ________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5． ________ 6.________ 7.________8.________
9． ________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记述文，主要表达了在四川成都，人工智能机器人与43 名学生一起参加高考模拟，最后机器人落败。

人工智能在这方面的精准度仍有待提高，其发展空间仍
很大。

1． an观察冠词。

defeated为谓语动词，artificial inteligence device 是名词，此
处表示“一个装置”，在文中首次提到且artificial的首字母发音为元音音素，因此用不定
冠词修饰名词，故填an。

2． to finish观察非谓语动词。

用动词不定式表示目的，故填to finish。

3． on观察介词。

on average“平均”，为固定搭配，故填on。

4．fighting观察固定搭配。

feel like doing sth.“感觉像做某事”，故填fighting。

5． beat观察动词的时态。

由last year确定句子应用一般过去时，beat 的过去式仍
是 beat ，故填 beat 。

6 ． which观察定语从句的引导词。

设空处引导定语从句修饰指物的先行词AI test taker ，且此处为非限制性定语从句，因此用which 引导非限制性定语从句，故填which 。

7． would be made观察动词的时态和语态。

由句中的said和in the near future确定该句的时态为过去将来时，efforts与make是动宾关系，故填would be made 。

8 ． application(s)考查词性转换。

根据语境可知此空应填其名词形式，故填application(s)。

9． competitive观察词性变换。

stay 为系动词， in the college entrance exam为地点状语，此空应填形容词与stay 构成系表结构，故填competitive。

10．preferred观察词性变换。

解析句子结构，choosing为动词－ing形式，subjects
为名词，此空应填形容词修饰名词，故填preferred。

Ⅳ. 短文改错
I have an aunt work in London. It has been five years that we met each other.
Last summer vacation my parent and I took a trip there. I didn't expect live in a
city in England could be much expensive than in my home country in eastern Europe. We went to Cambridge on the other day. They were many kinds of delicious food, so we got ourselves something to eat. I eat Coriander crisps, which were extreme tasty. Although I was tired that day, I really had wonderful time.
答案：。