陕西省西安市长安区第一中学高一英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析)

陕西省西安市长安区第一中学2015-2016学年高一英语上学期期末
考试试题（含解析）
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共90分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A, B, C, 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应的位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

（例题省略）
1. What does Tom plan to do next week?
A. To make a robot.
B. To surprise the woman.
C. To enter a competition.
2. What is the woman?
A. A tour guide.
B. A waitress.
C. A saleswoman.
3. What is the woman’s problem?
A. She got on the wrong train.
B. She forgot her seat number.
C. She lost her train ticket.
4. Why has the man stopped exercising?
A. He is busy moving house.
B. He dislikes going to the gym alone.
C. He lives far away from the gym.
5. How is Janet probably feeling now?
A. Stressed.
B. Disappointed.
C. Confused.
第二节：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至7题
6. How long is the woman going to stay at the hotel?
A. Two nights.
B. Three nights.
C. Four nights.
7. Why are the prices for the two rooms different?
A. The rooms are different in size.
B. The rooms have different views.
C. The rooms are of different shapes.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题
8. How did the man come to the place?
A. On foot.
B. By car.
C. By train.
9. Why is the man here?
A. To share his work experience.
B. To discuss traffic problems.
C. To have an interview.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题
10. Where are the speakers?
A. In a bank.
B. At a hotel.
C. On a lake.
11. Why does David’s father want to spend Christmas in the countryside?
A. He can have some peace and quiet.
B. He can enjoy the lake view.
C. He can be freed from housework.
12. Why is David unhappy?
A. He isn’t allowed to ska te.
B. He has to cook for his parents.
C. He can’t attend the party.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题
13. How does Steven describe his music?
A. It is folk music.
B. It is hard rock.
C. It is modern pop.
14. Why does Steven love Australian audiences?
A. They are more friendly.
B. They never throw things at him.
C. They buy more of his records.
15. What’s Steven’s attitude towards people downloading his music?
A. He feels upset.
B. He doesn’t mind.
C. He is puzzled.
16. What advice does Steven give to songwriters?
A. Listen to more music.
B. Make use of the Internet.
C. Stick to their own style.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题
17. Which can best describe a tension headache?
A. It causes severe pain.
B. It lasts over a month.
C. It occurs repeatedly.
18. Which is a symptom of tension headaches?
A. A pain at the back of the head.
B. Increased blood pressure.
C. Loss of consciousness.
19. What is the cause of rebound headaches?
A. Too much use of pain medicine.
B. Stressful events.
C. Tension in the muscles.
20. Why is a headache diary helpful for the treatment?
A. It reminds one to take medicine on time.
B. It helps one find the cause of his headaches.
C. It helps remove constant pain.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，共30分）
A
Dear Mom and Dad,
I'm afraid I have some very bad news for you. I have been very naughty and the school master is very angry with me. She is going to write to you. You must come
and take me away from here. She does not want me in the school any longer. The trouble
started last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed. As I was smoking, I heard
footsteps coming towards the room .I did not want a teacher to catch me smoking,
so I threw the cigarette away. Unfortunately, the cigarette fell into the
waste--paper basket. It caught fire.
There was a curtain near the waste --paper basket. It caught fire too. Soon the
whole room was burning. The master phoned the fire brigade（消防队）. The school
is a long way from the town and before the fire brigade arrived, the whole school
was on fire. The master said that the fire was all my fault and I must pay for the
damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars.
I'm very sorry for this.
Much love
Sarah
21. Why did Sarah write to his parents?
A．He missed them very much for they hadn’t seen each other for a long time.
B．He thought he was old enough to help them do something.
C．He was tired of studying, and wanted to leave school.
D．He told his parents what he had done in school.
22. Where did Sarah smoke?
A．In the dormitory B．In the Dinning hall
C．In the street D． In the classroom
23. When did the trouble start?
A. In the morning
B. In the afternoon
C. last night
D. At noon
24．Why was the school master angry with him?
A．Because he was too naughty to study.
B．Because he caused a big fire.
C．Because he was too lazy.
D．Because he stole something from the school.
【答案】
21．D
22．A
23．C
24．B
【名师点睛】
本文中属于记叙文，以细节理解题的考查为主。

细节理解题出现在各种文体中。

就记叙文而言，大多数针对某个情节。

而在议论文和说明文中，往往通过事例、数字等细节来说明主题或支持作者观点。

1．简单反馈：
在保持与原文大体一致的情况下，进行微小的不易被察觉的增加或改变，如对原句进行解释，或改变句子结构。

一旦粗心就会造成错选。

本文即属于简单反馈题，直接根据第一段第六句The trouble started last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed.可知麻烦事是昨天晚上开始的。

说明C项正确。

2．多项反馈：
选项多个都涉及文章细节，细节之间又相互交织在一起，不耐心、不细心的同学就会一下“看晕”，失去耐心和信心，胡乱选一个完事。

解题指导
1．依据题干和选项提示，找到文中相对应的信息。

本文抓住两个关键词where和 smoke，在文章中找出第一段第六句The trouble started
last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed.可知我在床上抽烟，那么应该在宿舍里抽烟的。

2．把握文章主题，弄清主题与细节，细节与细节间的关系。

3．由易到难逐项排除。

考点：考查记叙文阅读
B
Tom studied in our middle school three years ago. Last August his father found a job in another city and his family moved there. He began to study in the new school and we often write to each other. He often tells me something about the city where he lives now and his studies in the school. So I can know what happens to him. Last Friday Tom came to our city again. He hopes to accompany his old grandpa during the summer holiday. He's taller and stronger than before. We swim in the river outside the city together or have a picnic on the island. It surprises me that he has learned to cook when we were traveling in the wild forest. He told me his parents were both busy and sometimes he stayed at home alone and he had to look after himself. “How do you like your school？” I asked.
“Wonderful，” said the young man. “It has a tall building and there're two chemistry labs, two biology labs and three physics ones. And its library is big and there're plenty of books in i t.”
“I can see you are satisfied with it.”
“Yes，” he answered. “But our geography teacher often says to himself in class.”“So does our new history teacher，” I said. “But he doesn't notice it. He often talks on and on in a flow of eloquence (口才). But none of us listens to him！”25．I can know what happens to Tom because ________.
A．he lives near to me B．he often calls me
C．he often writes to me D．I often visit him
26．________，so he learned to cook.
A．Tom likes all kinds of delicious foods
B．Tom often has a picnic with his friends
C．Tom found a job in a restaurant
D．Tom has to do some cooking when he's in alone
27．Tom came back to our city to ________.
A．look after his sick grandpa
B．take his summer holiday
C．have a picnic on the island
D．travel in the wild forest
【答案】
25．C
26．D
27．B
考点：考查记叙文阅读
C
Do you always forget where you placed your keys or your purse? What was the name of the movie you saw last week? The major cause of your forgetfulness may be linked to what you store in your body, not in your short-term memory bank.
Tests continue to show that people with enough Vitamin B-2 do well in memory exams. The "B" could stand for "brain", if you're one of many with limited instant recall. And the number one source of that vitamin (维生素) is sunflower seeds.
Even when you're sleeping or relaxing, your brain is still at work. Although it
makes up just two percent of your total body weight, it uses up to 30 % of the calories (卡路里) you take in each day. For it to work properly, it must be fed. Even if you're not a breakfast eater, that meal is the best way to prepare your brain for the day.
A quick and easy English muffin with peanut and butter in it, a glass of milk, and
an orange, might be what your brain may be asking you the first thing in the morning when you feel your head is in a fog. Having sunflower seeds and fruit between meals adds more muscle to that hungry, demanding organ. Vitamin B-1 also helps the memory, and that is found in eggs, meats and nuts. In Chinese culture, walnuts are known
as the fruit for a long life because it is believed that they feed both the kidneys and the brain. And according to Chinese culture, if you keep those two important organs in good working order, you'll live longer.
However forgetful you are, just keep in mind the letter "B", which will help you
to "bear in mind almost everything" even on those days when life's challenges are sending you in a billion directions.
28. The underlined word "muffin" in the third paragraph probably means________.
A. menu
B. dinner
C. cookie
D. calorie
29. What can we conclude from the passage?
A. Two percent of our brain is still active when we are sleeping or relaxing.
B. What we eat seems more important than what we learn in terms of memory.
C. It doesn't make much difference to our brain whether we have breakfast or not.
D. Life's challenges have no effect on our memory, if dealt with in a proper way.
30. In the passage, Chinese culture is mentioned to________.
A. support the idea of long life
B. warn the readers of two organs
C. show the importance of vitamin B-1
D. remind us of walnuts and sunflower seeds
31. What can you get from the passage?
A. Keep in mind the letter "B"
B. The younger, the better memory
C. Learn about Chinese culture
D. Try to get more rest
【答案】
28．C
29．B
30．C
31．A
【名师点睛】
本文属于词义猜测题中利用上下文语境猜词；句中名词muffin后面的介词短语with peanut and butter in it可知这个食物里面有花生和黄油，说明不可能是菜单和卡路里，dinner 意为“一顿饭”，这是一个笼统的名词，范围太广，只有C项“薄煎饼”与上下文一致。

英语中任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。

例题1：（2008年全国高考—湖南卷B篇）
Charlotte‘s tale was inspired by the girls‘ coin collection. "We‘ve collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife." she explains. "That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in. …
60. The underlined word "pesetas" in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.
A. story
B. collection
C. inspiration
D. foreign coin
答案与解析：选D。

由原文中的Euro (欧元，欧洲统一货币)可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。

例题2：（2008年全国高考—江西卷D篇）
The plants are about one meter apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got. … 68．In the first paragraph ,the word pruning means________.
A．regular cutting of the plants B．frequent watering
C．regular use of chemicals
D．growing the plants high in the mountain
答案与解析：选A。

由此段中的① The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.②Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. 便可猜出Pruning的词义为“剪枝．修剪”。

考点：考查说明文阅读
D
Each Indian tribe had a different language. Many Indians never learned any languages except their own. Do you know how Indians from different tribes talked to each other? They had two ways to talk without sound. One way was by sign language; another way by signals.
Sign language is a way of talking by using signs. Indians used sign language when they met strangers. In this way, they could find out whether the stranger was a friend or an enemy. In Indian sign language, signs were made with the hands. One sign meant “man”. Another meant “horse”. To tel l the time of day when something happened, an Indian pointed to the sky. He showed where the sun had been at the time. Indians usually used signals when they wanted to send messages to someone far away. To make signals, an Indian might use a pony. He might use a blanket. Or he might use smoke, a mirror or fire arrows.
To signal that he had seen many animals, an Indian rode his pony in a large circle. Sometimes the Indian gave a signal like this and then went away to hide. This meant that there was danger.
The blanket signal was visible from far away. An Indian held the corners of a blanket in his hands. Then he began to swing the blanket from side to side in front of him. An Indian could send many different signals with his blanket.
He could also send many signals with a mirror. He usually used the mirror to warn someone of danger. Of course, mirrors could be used only when the sun was shining. At night, Indians used fire arrows for signaling.
Now you can see that Indians didn’t need to learn each other’s language. They could talk to one another by using signals or sign language.
32. Blanket signals .
A. could be seen far away
B. could be seen at night
C. were used only for warning
D. were considered the best way of sending messages
33. Indians didn’t need to learn each other’s language because .
A. they could use signals or sign language
B. they never met each other
C. they could write messages
D. they thought they could easily make themselves understood
34. Sign language is .
A. a language only for Indians
B. a way of taking by signing on paper
C. a way to express one’s ideas by making gestures
D. a secret way of talking to strangers
35. The story tells about .
A. people living in Indian
B. how Indians communicate between different tribes
C. the Indians who didn’t use their languages
D. the Indians who had many kinds of languages
【答案】
32．A
33．A
34．C
35．B
考点：考查说明文阅读
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Relationships are an important part of your life. 36 .They help you feel accepted and liked by others. The feelings you have about yourself and others depend on how well these needs are met.
37 .This gives you a feeling of security. You feel secure when you know you can count on family and friends to love and to accept you the way you are. You add to your feeling of security by making others feel loved. Helping people you care about makes you feel giving and unselfish. Think about how good you feel when someone compliments（问候）or thanks you. “What a good job” or “I appreciate your help” are comments that you like to hear about yourself. 38 . Naturally you feel happy when you receive a compliment. Likewise, you can compliment your family members or friends on their accomplishments.
39 .Talk things over with your family and friends. Share your hopes and dreams. Express your joys and frustrations. When family members and friends are talking, take time to listen to what they are saying. Give them clues that show you are listening, such as a nod of approval or a smile.
40 .To earn trust you need to show parents, adults, and friends that you can handle new experiences and responsibilities. Being honest and truthful with people
can also help you.
A. Learn to express your thoughts clearly and listen to what others say.
B. Different opinions on good relationships.
C. One of the most important things in life is to be loved and accepted by others.
D. Such comments make you feel worthwhile.
E. Relationships help you meet your social and emotional needs.
F. Keys to making relationships work.
G. Another relationship skill that helps people get along with one another is trust. 【答案】
36．E
37．C
38．D
39．A
40．G
40. G 根据横线后一句To earn trust you need .......responsibilities.说明我们想要和别人保持良好的关系，我们需要相互信任。

所以本段讲述的是人际关系中的相互信任的重要性。

故G项正确。

考点：考查说明文阅读
第三部分英语知识运用（共三节：满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I shall never forget the day when the earthquake happened. It was about 5 in the afternoon and I was __41__ along the road to my daughter's school. Our plan was to go __42__ together. I stopped at a __43__ to get some fresh fruit. We liked to have some fruit to eat after our swim. I was driving along a high __44__ on my way to the school. __45__ my road was another road which was built like a __46__. I was __47__ so I put the bag of apples __48__ me and started to eat one. Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start to __49__ from side to side. I slowed down. Then my car started to shake! I didn't know what was happening. Perhaps something had __50__ wrong with my car. I drove a little more slowly and then I __51__ the car and at the same moment the road __52__ onto the cars in front of me. I found myself in the __53__. I couldn't move. My legs and feet were hurt badly and I couldn't move them. All around me was __54__. But below me I could hear shouts and a lot of noises.
Then I realized what had happened. I had been __55__ an earthquake. For about two hours nobody came. Luckily I could reach the bag of __56__， so at least I had plenty to eat. Then I heard people __57__ towards me. A team of people had come to __58__ if anyone was under the __59__ road. I called out, “I'm here！” I heard a shout. Soon a stranger climbed to my car. “How are you __60__？” he asked.“Not too bad，” I said. They didn't get me out until the next morning.
41. A. walking B．leading C. driving D．running
42. A. shopping B．dancing C．sightseeing D. swimming
43. A. shop B．farm C．park D．school
44. A. bridge B．road C．school D．side
45. A. Under B．Over C．Along D．Beside
46. A. roof B．bridge C．cover D．top
47. A. tired B．thirsty C．hungry D．sleepy
48. A. over B．beside C．ahead of D．under
49. A. move B．roll C．run D．jump
50. A. been B．broken C. done D．gone
51. A. stopped B．started C．moved D．parked
52. A. put B．fell C．ran D．jumped
53. A. afternoon B．dark C．evening D． car
54. A. quiet B．dusty C．noisy D．blood
55. A. on B．at C．in D．by
56. A. food B．apples C．sandwiches D．bread
57. A. climbing B．shouting C．moving D．driving
58. A. know B．tell C．see D．understand
59. A. falling B．breaking C．broken D．dirty
60. A. sleeping B．eating C．feeling D．going
【答案】
41．C
42．D
43．A
44．B
45．B
46．B
47．C
48．B
49．A
50．D 51．A 52．B 53．B 54．A 55．C 56．B 57．A 58．C 59．C 60．C
59. C 考查上下文串联。

根据52空the road __52__ onto the cars in front of me.可知我上方的路倒塌在前面的车上，说明路已经被损坏了。

故C正确。

60. C 考查常识和交际用语。

搜救人员在救人的时候，首先要询问对方感觉如何。

然后在采取下一步行动。

故C正确。

【名师点睛】
本文属于记叙类完形填空，记叙文有自己的特点。

在解题时要注意以下内容：
(1)重视首句,把握开篇
完形填空一般首句不设空,是完整的一句。

细读此句可以判断文章的体裁,预测全文大意和主旨。

读懂首句可以帮助建立正确的思维导向,避免误入歧途,对理解全文起重要的作用。

以本文第一句为例：I shall never forget the day when the earthquake happened.我永远不会忘记地震发生的那一天。

开门见山地说明本文讲述的是地震发生时的具体情况。

(2)速读全文,掌握大意
速读全文要一气呵成,尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方,仍要快速读下去,不要急于看选项。

一遍读不懂可以再迅速读一遍,要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件,即who, when, where, what等。

掌握梗概,总体把握文章内容、结构、时态、语态变化、情节的展开、结局的形成,然后答题。

以本文45题为例__45__ my road was another road。

我们根据52空 the road __52__ onto the cars in front of me. 再根据59空under the __59__ road。

可知上面的桥踏倒在我前面的车上。

可知我的上方是一座立交桥。

故B项over“在...上面”正确。

要想完成本题，要速读全文，从下文52及59空获得信息。

(3)弄清作者对人物和事件的态度
弄清作者对人物和事件的态度也是做好记叙型完形填空的关键。

分析近几年高考题,有不少题需要在正确把握反映作者情感和态度的关键词的基础上才能做好。

(4)理顺事件的发生、发展和结局
记叙型完形填空多数是按事件发生的顺序进行叙述,正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着重要的意义,因此,在选择答案时可以事先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。

考点：考查记叙文阅读
第II卷（非选择题，共60分）
第三部分英语知识运用（共三节：满分45分）
第二节：语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

People 61 （live） in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred 62 (language) in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, 63 example, contains four to five hundred thousand words. 64 we do not need all these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. Before you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.
The words you know are 65 (call) your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary 66 （big）.Read as many books as we can. There are a lot 67 books 68 (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet 69 new word, look it up in your dictionary. Your dictionary is the 70 （much） useful book. 【答案】
61. living
62. languages
63. for
64. But
65. called
66. bigger
67. of
68. written
70. most
69. a 考查不定冠词。

本句中不定冠词a 修饰可数名词单数word，表示泛指，当你遇见一个新单词，在字典里查该词的意思。

70. most 考查最高级。

横线前面有定冠词the修饰，说明本句中应该使用形容词最高级most 修饰。

你的字典是最有用的一本书。

【名师点睛】
本文中考查了非谓语动词现在分词做定语用法。

其具体用法如下：
现在分词作定语有两种形式。

它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。

有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。

（1）前置定语
He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。

Make less noise. There’s a sleepin g child. 不要出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。

（2）后置定语
The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。

（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。

如：
Those wishing to join this club should sign here. 想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。

(=Those who wish to join the club should sign here.)
The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。

(The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his
（4）完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。

如：
我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate.
而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.
（5）非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。

如：Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。

Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。

考点：考查说明文阅读
第三节：单词拼写(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）
71.All who _____(幸存) the war were lucky!
72.We all think _____(高度) of the new manager.
73.To his surprise, Tom has _____(承认) his mistakes.
74.If you shop around, maybe you'll find some _____(廉价品).
75.The book has been _____(下载) by users of China.
76.Did Columbus discover America and _____(探索) the new continent?
ter, he _____ (成功) in business and became a good mayor.
78.There are plenty of beautiful_____ (野生的) flowers in the mountain.
79.I don't think I am _____ (熟悉的) with Chinese banks.
80.Let's_____ (假装) to play music on the stage.
【答案】
71.survived
72 .highly
73. admitted
74. bargains
75. downloaded
76. explore
77. succeeded
78. wild
79. familiar
80. pretend
考点：考查单词拼写
第四部分写作（共两节：满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）
短文中有10处语言错误。

请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意： 1. 每句不超过两个错误；
2. 每处错误及其修改均只限一词；
3. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Learning English is importance. English is widely used all over the world. It was often used in the international meetings. Most business letters are written in English. Under the help of English we can learn modern science and technology in developed countries. We can also introduce our achievements and experiences to other countries. Because of their importance, English is a required subject in high schools and colleges. Now many people are working hardly at English. It’s very important learn English well. If we master a English, we can serve for our country better. But I suggest most Chinese should learn it well.
【答案】
81. importance- important
82. was – is
83. under –With
84. in developed – from/of developed
85. experiences – experience
86. their – its
87. hardly – hard
88. important后加to
89. 删掉 a
90. But – So
90. But – So 考查连词。

如果我们掌握了英语，我们就可以更好地为国家服务，所以我建议大部分中国人都学好英语。

上下文之间并不是转折关系，而是因果关系，所以使用连词so。

【名师点睛】
本文实际上考查了不定式做真正主语，it作为形式主语的用法。

在英语中只有it可以作为形式主语或者形式宾语，其用法如下：
1. it用作形式主语
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。

如：
It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。

It’s no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。

It’s not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。

注：It is said / reported / believed / understood that… 这类结构中的 it 也是形式主语。

如：
It’s reported that two people were injured in t he accident. 据报导这次事故中有两人受伤。

2. it用作形式宾语
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。

如：
I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。

I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿(from )。

They haven’t made it known where they are to hold the conference. 他们还没宣布会议在哪里开。

◎几种特殊的形式宾语it
1. enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后接 if 从句或 when 从句，通常应先在动词后接 it 作形式宾语。

如：
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。

He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。

I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。

I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。

I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。

考点：考查说明文阅读
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假如你是李华，你的表弟王鹏在读初三。

他来信询问你的高中学习生活怎么样，并说他感到英语学习很困难，请你用英语写一封回信，对英语学习提出自己的建议。

【答案】
Dear Wang Peng,
I’m glad to hear from you. In your last letter you said the difficulties in learning English. From where I stand, the following suggestions may help you to overcome your trouble in English:
Firstly, you should be interested in everything about English learning. As we all know, interest is the best teacher for a person to learn something. Secondly, follow your English teacher attentively in class. What the teacher says is very important for you to master. Last but not least, making good preparations before each class is as important as going over what you learnt after class.
All in all, if you can take my advice and stick to it, I think nothing is difficult for you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【名师点睛】
本文语言凝练，论点鲜明，条理层次清晰。

文章第一段知悉对方学习英语有困难，并表示可以提供建议；文章第二段阐述具体的三条学习英语的建议内容；第三段希望对方采纳建议并坚持下去，一定会有好结果。

在第二段中作者使用了很好的连接成分：firstly, secondly和last but not least，这三个连接成分很好地把第二段连成一个整体。

另外范文中还使用了主语从句What the teacher says is very important for you to master.动名词短语做主语以及宾语从句making good preparations before each class is as important as going over what you learnt after class.这些高级句式的运用有效地提升了文章的档次，显得考生运用英语的能力很强。

考点：考查开放性作文。