poetry-sound

SHU
William ButleU ARE OLD
WHEN you are old and grey and full of sleep, And nodding by the fire, take down this book, And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep; How many loved your moments of glad grace, And loved your beauty with love false or true, But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you, And loved the sorrows of your changing face; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. Maud Gonne (1866-1953)
Her goodly eyes like sapphires shining bright Her forehead ivory and white...
Consonance（和音）, the repetition of consonant （辅音）sounds, home, same; worth, breath; strong, sting.
Whose woods these are I think I know, His house is in the village though.

Elements of Poetry
Rhyme（韵律） occurs when two words or phrases contain an identical or similar vowel（元音） sound, usually accented, and an identical consonant sound (if any) that follows the vowel sound. rhyme scheme exact rhyme and slant rhyme (near rhyme; off rhyme; partial rhyme) sun-thin; bone--moon;
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Elements of Poetry
Rhythm节奏 and Meter (the pattern of rhythm) Shakespeare's Sonnet 18:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
end-stopped line (ending in a full pause,and being marked by punctuation) run-on line
How such a glance came there; so, not the first Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, 'twas not Her husband's presence only, called that sopt Of joy into the Duchess's cheek.
Life is a barren field
Frozen only with snow.
Elements of Poetry
Sound: the musical devices
Alliteration, Assonance and Consonance Alliteration（头韵）, repetition of the same consonant （辅音）sound in a line, at the initial letter of successive words, e.g. "The sun sank slowly"; "Round the rocks runs the river" The following lines are from William Langland's Piers Plowman: A fair field full of flok found I there between of all manner of men, the mean and the rich. alliteration may also occur within the words, e.g. "Heaven opened wide/Her everduring gates, harmonious sound/On golden hinges moving." Assonance（谐音）, repetition of the same vowel （元音）sound in a line, like alliteration, it may occur at the beginning of words, e.g. "all the awful auguries", or within the words, e.g. "I rose and told of my woe."
– He who the ox to wrath has moved – Shall never be by woman loved
End Rhyme and Internal Rhyme（结尾韵和中间韵） The splendor falls on castle walls And snowy summits old in story; The long light shakes across the lakes, And the wild cataract leaps in glory. Masculine Rhyme and Feminine Rhyme（阳律和阴律） masculine rhyme:rhyme between one-syllable words or between stressed final syllable in words of two or more syllables (divorce, remorse ). Feminine rhyme is rhyme of two or more syllables, with stress not on the last syllable. eg, intellectual ----henpecked you all;

Some Basic Knowledge of Poetry
Foot音步
monometer eg. Oh, God (iambic monometer) diameter eg. Adieu! Adieu (Trochaic diameter) trimeter eg. I am monarch of all I survey (anapestic trimeter) tetrameter eg. For the moon never beams without bringning me dreams (anapestic tetrameter) pentameter e.g. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see (iambic pentameter) hexmeter: Nor any other wold like Cotswold ever sped./So rich and fair a vale in fortuning to wed. (iambic hexameter) heptameter: As springs in deserts found seem sweet, all brakish though they be./ So midst the wither'd waste of life, those tears would flow to me! (iambic heptameter) octameter: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary (dactylic octameter)
Let seed be grass// and grass turn into hay: I'm matyr to a motion// not my own; What's freedom for?// To know eternity. I swear she cast a shadow// white as stone.
– and of course we're not married, we are pair of scissors – who come together to cut, without towels saying His. Hers.

Rhythm and Meter（韵律）
SHU
Hold Fast to Dreams
Langston Hughes (1902-1967)
Hold fast to dreams， For if dreams die, Life is a broken-winged bird That can never fly.
Hold fast to dreams, For when dreams go,
The rhythm of a poem is produced by recurrences（重现） (stressed syllables（重音节） and unstressed syllables) and pauses.
Caesura, the pause in the middle of line
Iambic抑扬格--control; If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? Trochaic扬抑格--tiger; Ye whose hearts are fresh and simple Anapestic抑抑扬格--contradict,intervene;Ne'er sighed at the sound of a knell Dactylic扬抑抑格--foolishness; Woman must missed, how you call to me, call to me. Spondaic扬扬格--moonstone
Maud Gonne (1866-1953)

SHU
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)
William Butler Yeats was also known for his modernist subject matters in his poetry, which eventually shattered（打碎了） its romantic bent（决心）. Eliot's notion that modernist poetry must be difficult and complex finds its most adequate expression in the complicated poems of Yeats. Yeats's poetry is centered around a profound and difficult mythological system of his own invention and he was all the while interested in the esoteric science, the occult and cyclic views of history. His work best exemplified the relationship between ideas and reality, rationality and imagination all in system of his own design.

SHU
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)
当你老了 当你老了 头发斑白 满是睡意 炉火旁昏昏欲睡 取下这部诗集 慢慢读 梦见你眼眸柔和的样子 回想起它们曾经浓重的影翳 多少人爱慕你优雅欢快的瞬息 爱慕你的美丽 真情或是假意 但有一个人爱你朝圣者的灵犀 爱慕你日渐沧桑脸上的哀戚 弯下身来 靠近燃烧炽热的炉壁 略带悲伤地呢喃 爱是如何消逝 在头顶的山巅缓缓踱着步子 把他的脸隐没在满天繁星里