四级翻译强化

四级翻译强化提高
四六级翻译出题形式
原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。

翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。

四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。

翻译？
Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.
—— Columbia Encyclopedia
翻译本身一种错误？
Translation is like dancing with chains.
Translation is like a girl, the more beautiful, the more unfaithful.
Translation is the art of failure.
四级翻译评分标准
分数档标准特征符合定义
13-15 译文准确表达了原文的意思。

用词贴切，行文
雅
流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

达
10-12 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。

文字通顺、连
贯，无重大语言错误。

信
7-9 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。

用词欠准确，语
言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。

经典翻译案例赏析
STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privaten ess and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business.
----Francis Bacon 读书足以怡情, 足以博采, 足以长才。

其怡情也, 最见于独处幽居之时; 其博采也, 最见于高谈阔论之中, 其长才也, 最见于处事判事之际。

王佐良译Able was I ere I saw Elba
我在到俄尔巴岛之前是有能力的
在我看到Elba岛之前，我曾所向无敌
不到俄岛我不倒
弱至孤岛孤至弱
孤至厄岛厄至孤
It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.
这是一批卓越能干的人民——因为所有这些行动迟缓、瞌睡稀稀、呆如树獭的人都留在家乡了。

(余立三译)
那是一批卓越的人——因为那些慢慢吞吞、昏昏沉沉、反应迟钝、形如树獭的人留在了家乡。

(杨莉藜译)
这是一批卓越能干的人民——因为那些行动迟缓、头脑迟钝、睡眼惺忪、呆如树獭的人留在了家乡。

(章和升译)
(出来的) 这帮人个个出类拔萃——因为凡是呆板、呆滞、呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在了家里。

（马红军译）
兔子不吃窝边草A rabbit never eats the grass near its cave.
好马不吃回头草A good horse should never turn back to eat grass.
天涯何处无芳草You can find fragrant grass everywhere.
“草”在中国所代表的含义？草：“普通”、“常见”、“低下”；草根、草民、草芥、草莽、草寇、草包；草率、草菅人命、草草了事
什么在英语当中表示“草”？fish
A loose fish（道德上）放荡不羁的人Drink like a fish牛饮
不要班门弄斧Don’t teach a fish to swim.
以上句子的翻译还可以这样：
兔子不吃窝边草Never fish in your neighbor’s pond.
好马不吃回头草If you let a fish off, you let it off.
天涯何处无芳草She is not the only fish in the ocean.
巧妇难为无米之炊。

Even the cleverest housewife can’t cook a meal without rice.
Even the cleverest housewife can’t make bread without flour.
If i should meet thee after long years.
How should i greet thee?
with silence and tears.
--George Gordon Byron
尴尬的翻译
人之初：At the beginning of life.(白话文:生命的起初)
性本善：Sex is good.(白话文:性是美好的)
性相近：Basically, all the sex are the same.(白话文:基本上,所有的性行为是差不多滴)
习相远：But it depends on the way you do it.(白话文:但还是得依照个人的喜好而为之)
要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。

信：If you want good skin, you should use Dabao every morning and night.
达：We can have a beautiful face by using Dabao everyday.
雅：A fair face now, Dabao knows how.
翻译技巧1
题目演练1
1. 剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。

2. 中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。

3. 人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。

4. 特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。

5. 剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。

6. 中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

翻译技巧总结1
1. 汉语（通常情况）
2. 修饰结构在前
3. 分离可反复
4. 主动居多
5. 一句可多动词
翻译做题步骤
调整语序——直接翻译（信、达）——美化翻译（雅）
翻译技巧2
题目演练2
1. 我国的端午节（the Dragon Boat Festival）是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。

2. 喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式。

3. 旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众越来越大的注意。

1) “是”的翻译技巧
1.世界贸易组织是成立于1995年1月1日的，目的是确保一个稳定的全球贸易经济环境。

改变一下？
2.《三国演义》由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。

3.大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。

4.对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。

名句欣赏
寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚；乍暖还寒时候；最难将息。

I look for what I miss,I know not what it is,I feel so sad, so drear,so lonely, without cheer,How hard is it ,To keep me fit,in this lingering cold~
——许渊冲合并详解
1.我爱你青松气质，我爱你红梅品格。

2.我爱你家乡的甜庶，好像乳汁滋润着我的心窝。

3.做秘书与人们所想象的不同。

4.做秘书是一份非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。

5.做秘书与人们所想象的不同，非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。

6.矿产资源（mineral resources）是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。

7.中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家，主要依靠本国的资源来保障建设需要
8.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大贡献。

2) 多动句解题方法
春天来了，花开了，草绿了，河水化了，阳光洒在大地上。

我们来到了小河边，来到了田野里，来到了山岗上。

解题方法：
1、动词之间地位相同：V1, V2, …, Vn
2、动词之间有主次之分：找到主名词，其他用doing或者to do
3、不知道谁主谁次：用连词
例如：
1. 体重是我的大问题，因为它决定着我找男朋友和未来嫁出去的可能性。

2. 特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。

3. 对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。

鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。

鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。

4. 大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。

思考：
是否找个理由继续苟活？
还是展翅高飞保持愤怒？
3)无主句解题方法
1) 补主语
1.松下问童子，言师采药去。

只在此山中，云深不知处。

（我）松下问童子，（童子）言师采药去。

（师傅）只在此山中，云深（童子）不知处。

2..必须保证每天八小时睡眠。

经典案例赏析
3..山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。

思考
4.生当做人杰，死亦为鬼雄。

2) 变被动
1. 中国人与狗不得入内。

2. 必须保证每天八小时睡眠。

3.整个义务教育阶段，要求学生在每学期期末参加期末考试。

4.因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。

在山的那边海的那边有一群蓝精灵……
3) 非人主语+有、存在
There be
1.中西方饮食习惯存在极大的差异。

2.必须保证每天八小时睡眠。

3.通常，胡同内有一个大杂院（courtyard），房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。

4.中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧（Peking Opera ）是一个具有代表性的剧种。

思考：其中？
5.在当今世界上的190多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国（member country）有158个。

无主句总结
1) 补主语
We must guarantee Eight hours’sleep everyday.
2) 变被动
Eight hours’sleep must be guaranteed everyday.
3) There be
There is Eight hours’sleep that must be guaranteed everyday.
翻译技巧总结2
一、“是”的翻译
合并详解：
插入语或同位语
二、多动句
1、动词之间地位相同：V1, V2, …, and Vn
2、动词之间有主次之分：找到主名词，其他用doing或者to do
3、不知道谁主谁次：用连词
三、无主句
补主语We must guarantee Eight hours’sleep everyday.
变被动Eight hours’sleep must be guaranteed everyday.
There be There is Eight hours’sleep that must be guaranteed everyday.
题目演练1
1.Paper cutting is one of Chinese most popular traditional folk arts.
2.Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years, which was particularly widespread during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3.People often use paper cuttings to make their homes beautiful./ 3.Paper cuttings are often used to beautify people’s residences.
4.During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.
5.The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity.
6.Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world, which is often given as a present to foreign friends.
题目演练2
1.The Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Quyuan.
2.Chatting with cups of tea is the most popular way to spend time among Chinese.
3.Tourism is a fast developing industry for the last two decades all over the world, which now draws more and more attention of Chinese public.
“是”的翻译技巧
1.The WTO was founded on January 1st, 1995, which aims to ensure a stable environment of trading and economy in the world.
2.Romance of Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese history novel(a novel based on Chinese history stories).
3.The competition among graduates has become more and more fierce, which results that the chance that any individual graduate finds a job has decreased.
4.For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford.
合并详解
1.I love your temperament of the pine, and your character of the red plum.
2.I love your sugarcane in our hometown, which moistens my heart like breast milk.
3.Being a secretary is different from what people would imagine.
4.Being a secretary is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate.
5.Being a secretary, different from what people would imagine, is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate.
6.Mineral resources, an important part of natural resources, are a major material foundation for the development of human society.
7.China, a developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources, depends on its own resources to meet the needs of construction.
8.Traditional Chinese Medicine, an crucial part of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to the development(and prosperity) of China.
多动句解题方法
1.my weight is a big problem because it determines the possibility of my finding a excellent boyfriend and getting married in the future.
2.During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms (in order) to enhance the joyous atmosphere.
3.For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from raising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc.
4.College students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.
无主句解题方法
1) 补主语
1. I asked the boy beneath the pines,
He said,“The master has gone alone.
Herb-picking somewhere on the mount,
Cloud-hidden where abouts unknown.”
--林语堂
2..We must guarantee Eight hours’sleep everyday.
3..There is a poem from the Southern Song Dynasty that reads: "After endless mountains and rivers that leave doubt whether there is a path out, suddenly one encounters the shade of a willow, bright flowers and a lovely village.
--Hillary Clinton
4.We should live as an outstanding person,
And die as an outstanding ghost.
Be man of men while you are alive,
And soul of souls if you were dead.
--许渊冲
2) 变被动
1.Chinese and dogs can’t go in./
Chinese and dogs are not admitted.
2. Eight hours’sleep must be guaranteed everyday.
3.Throughout the whole process of compulsory education, students are required to take final examination.
4.Therefore, college students are strongly suggested to do …
4.Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.
3) 非人主语+有、存在
There be
1.There are great differences between Chinese and western eating habits.
Great differences exist between Chinese and western eating habits.
2.There is Eight hours’sleep that must be guaranteed everyday.
ually, there is a big courtyard in a hutong, and there are rooms for 4 to 10 families, about 20 people.
With rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.
4.There are many kinds of local operas in China, one of which is Peking Opera，a representative one.
5.There are more than 190 countries in the world today.
There are 158 member countries in the WTO.
The WTO has 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.
实战训练：
1.许多人喜欢中餐。

在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。

精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。

烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。

但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。

由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。

2.中国结（the Chinese knot）最初是由手工艺人发明的同，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。

在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。

“结”在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。

中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和辟邪。

这种形式的手工艺（handicraft）代代相传，现在已民经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎！
3.“你要茶还是要咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题。

许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。

相传，中国的一位帝王于五千多年前发现了茶，并用来治病。

在明清（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国。

饮茶在6世纪传到日本，但直到17、18世纪才传到欧美。

如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料( beverage)之一。

茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

1. Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art.
The well-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking. The way of cooking and ingredients selection vary greatly across China. However, all the good cookings has one thing in common, which is always to consider colors, smell, tastes and nutrition. As food is vital for man’s health, good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains, meats and vegetables. Thus, Chinese food is delicious and healthy.
2.The Chinese knot, originally invented by craftsman, has become an elegant and colorful art and craft after hundred years of improvement. In ancient times, they are used to record events, but nowadays just for decoration. “Knot” stands for love, marriage and reunion in Chinese . Chinese knot is used as gift or ornament to pray for good luck and sweep away ill fortune. This type of handicraft, passed down generations after generations, is becoming more and more popular in China as well as the whole world.
3."Tea or coffee?" Diners are frequently asked this question. Western people may choose coffee, while Chinese may prefer tea. It is said that 5,000 years ago, an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease. In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, tea houses could be found all over the country. Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century. Up to now, tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world. Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century.。