必修5.1 Great scientist-2016年高考英语一轮复习精品资料(原卷版)

Unit 1 Great scientist
【考情解读】
应该掌握的重点单词
1．characteristic n．特征；特性
2．conclude vt. & vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
3．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n．失败
4．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposion n．暴露
6．cure n．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗
7．challenge n．挑战vt.向……挑战→challenger n．挑战者
8．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
9．suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion n．怀疑→suspicious adj.有疑心的10．foresee vt.预见；预告→foretell v．预言→forecast v．预报
11．blame vt.责备；谴责n．过失；责备
12．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
13．handle n．柄；把手vt.处理；操纵
14．link vt. & n．连接；联系
15．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告
16．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．教授；传授→instructions n．指示，说明17．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
18．contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献
19．spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
20．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
应该掌握的重点短语
1．put forward 提出
2．draw a conclusion 得出结论
3．expose...to 使显露；暴露
4．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
5．apart from 除……之外；此外
6．make sense 讲得通；有意义
7．look into 调查；研究
8．at times 有时
9．be against 反对
10．(be) strict with 对……严格的
11．be to blame 应受责备
12．with certainty 肯定地
应该掌握的重点句型
1．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
因次每一次暴发(霍乱)都会有成千上万恐慌的人死去。

2．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

3．He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it....
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星围绕着太阳转……
【重点词汇突破】
1 conclude v.断定，推断出；得出结论；使结束，终止
【应试指导】写作高频词汇to conclude，in conclusion
So what can we conclude from this debate?
那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？
【夯实基础】
语法填空
(1)He concluded his speech with a famous saying.
(2)What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?
(3)In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
(4)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to conclude(conclude) it with important points.
2 attend v.出席，参加；照料，护理；处理，对付
【应试指导】其高级词汇是be present at
Thousands of people attended the ceremony.
数千人参加了庆典。

The main thing is to attend to the injured.
首要任务是照顾伤者。

【夯实基础】
语法填空
(1)—Would you like to join us in the game?
—I’m afraid not，for I have something important to attend(attend) to.
(2)You must attend to your work.
3 expose v.暴露；揭露；使曝光
【应试指导】非谓语动词句法功能的考查
expose...to使显露；暴露
be exposed to暴露于；经受……
expose sb.to...让某人接触某物；使某人暴露于……
They have not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.
城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。

These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.
这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。

【夯实基础】
(1)The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.
①The newspaper let out his secret to the public.(用let out改写句子)
②The newspaper gave away his secret to the public.(用give away改写句子)
(2)Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
①Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(用v.-ing的主动形式作主语改写句子)
②If exposed to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin injured. (用if省略句改写句子)
(3)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.
Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)
4 absorb v.吸收液体、气体等；吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注
；使并入，吞并
absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
be absorbed in全神贯注于
be absorbed by/into被……吞并吸引
Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.
植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。

She was absorbed in the book.
她专心于这本书。

思考表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus one’s attention on，devote...to，concentrate one’s min d on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。

【夯实基础】
(1)用absorb的适当形式填空
①When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
②He had an absorbed look on his face.
③—Where is Jimmy?
—Just now I saw him sitting under the tree，absorbed in his video games.
(2)He was so absorbed in TV that he forgot to sleep.
Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
5 blame v.把……归咎于，责怪，指责；n.过失；责任；责备，指责
【应试指导】be to blame主动形式表被动意义的用法
Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。

The president put the blame completely on his opponent.总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。

【词义辨析】blame，charge，accuse
(1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。

常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人，blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。

(2)charge控告；谴责。

常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。

(3)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。

常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。

【夯实基础】
(1)用blame，charge，accuse的适当形式填空
①It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.
②She was said to have been charged with drunken driving.
③I was told that he was accused of murder.
(2)他把考试失败归咎于老师。

(一句多译)
①He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame...on)
②He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam. (blame...for)
③He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame n．)
6 contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助；是……的原因之一
；贡献；投稿
【多词一义】contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to
contribute...to...把……贡献给……
contribute to有助于；导致＝；把时间投入到……
make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献/捐款
He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.
他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。

Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund？你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？
【图解助记】
【夯实基础】
(1)同义句改写
Various factors contributed to his downfall.
Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall.
(2)In a discussion group，it’s very important that everyone (should) contribute(每个人都贡献) whatever is in their minds.
7 put forward提议，提出；拿出；推荐；将……提前
【多词一义】put forward，come up with，raise
put away将……收起；把……放回原处；积蓄
put aside忽视；不理睬；储存
put off延期
put out扑灭
put in放入；把……写进信函、故事等
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?
我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选？
【夯实基础】
选择方框内的短语填空
put away，put off，put aside，put out，put forward
(1)Far water doesn’t put out near fire.
(2)Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
(3)The association has put the event off until October.
(4)Her bed was neatly made，her clothes put away.
(5)Class Three has put forward a reasonable proposal.
8 apart/aside from除……之外；此外
【应试指导】作为高级词汇替换besides，except
Apart from the cost，the dress doesn’t suit me.
姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。

【夯实基础】
用besides，except，except for，apart from填空
(1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom.
(2)We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two.
(3)Apart from/Except for the ending，it’s a really good film.
【句法语法突破】
1 He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church，so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终前才公布了这一观点。

句型公式：形容词作状语
One woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing wind.
有一个女人躺在床上，毫无睡意，听着疾驰而过的大风。

【夯实基础】
用形容词(短语)作状语改写句子
(1)She suddenly appeared and seemed happy and satisfied.
Happy and satisfied，she suddenly appeared.
(2)The boy ran home with fear full of him.
The boy ran home，full of fear.
2单元语法——根据句意补全句子
(1)The United States is a country which has developed.
→The United States is a developed country.
(2)He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him.
→He told us of the great wrong done to him.
(3)The children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo.
(4)Everybody was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star.
(5)There are four used (use) stamps.
【对点训练】
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people________to cholera. A．expose B．exposed
C．exposing D．to expose
2．When he came back three hours later，they were still sitting on the sofa，________in conversation. A．absorbing B．absorbed
C．to absorb D．to be absorbed
3．—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I ______ it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A．attended B．had attended
C．would attend D．would have attended
4．I think you need some outdoor exercise.Plenty of fresh air will________good health. A．contribute to B．devote to
C．apply to D．adjust to
5．The doctor________you for your cough is sure to________it.
A．curing；treat B．cures；treating
C．treating；cure D．treats；cure
6．The________，I think，he drew from his simple experiment is not scientific.
A．attention B．conclusion C．promise D．relation
7．______ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
A．Far from B．Apart from
C．Instead of D．Regardless of
8．—I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.
—Many people think there is nothing there ________ice and snow.
A．except for B．rather than
C．apart from D．regardless of
9．To be honest，my carelessness______a lot to my failure.
A．contributed B．donated
C．provided D．offered
10．The building around the corner caught fire last night.The police are now ________the matter.
A．seeing through B．working out
C．looking into D．watching over
11．—Stay a bit longer，please.It's been such________fun having you here.
—Thank you，but I've got________early start tomorrow morning.
A．/；the B．a；an C．/；an D．the；an
12．______ for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.
A．Blaming B．Blamed
C．To blame D．To be blamed
13．________his eyes，Tom found himself________on the roadside.
A．Opened；lied B．Opened；laid
C．Opening；lying D．Opening；lain
14．The Dead Sea is so salty________it's hard for anything to live in it________is why it's called the Dead Sea.
A．that；which B．that；that
C．/；that D．/；what
15．—How did he catch so many fish?
—By using a________.
A．bamboo long fishing line
B．long bamboo fishing line
C．fishing long bamboo line
D．bamboo fishing long line
Ⅱ.完形填空
I have always been an independent person，but I have come to know that being independent does not mean refusing help.I may still be__1__with asking for help，but I try to accept.Furthermore，I will even__2__help and when my offers are refused，I am__3__willing to walk away.And all these changes came from a disaster on an island.
Sometimes a person's independence is a__4__of pride，daring，stubbornness and luck.I used to be too__5__since I was little.I was once a traveler who never asked for__6__，choosing instead to struggle with maps
and signs until I found my way.
Then one day on the island of Koh Phangan，in Thailand，everything__7__.I was swimming in the ocean with Sean，my fiance(未婚夫)，when he was__8__by a box jellyfish(箱型水母)．He__9__within three minutes,25 years old.Yet when onlookers and travelers asked if I wanted__10__，stubborn pride and force of habit__11__me accepting.But two young Israeli women stayed.__12__my protest(反对)，they were with me even when the police tried to cover up the__13__of Sean's death.It was listed as drunk drowning to avoid hurting the__14__industry.The Israeli women__15__have walked away.__16__，without even telling me，they__17__their schedule rather than leave me behind.
__18__I didn't realize it at the time，I now believe I would not have__19__the disaster without these great women.Actually，the person who needs help the most is usually the last person to ask for it.I have learned__20__is better than refusing because it not only helps you walk out of trouble，but also helps you know the real meaning of life.
【语篇解读】独立并不意味着要拒绝帮助，接受帮助比拒绝帮助好，这是作者通过自己的亲身经历领悟到的道理。

1．A.struggling B．dealing
C．confused D．satisfied
2．A.offer B．accept C．seek D．desire
3．A.occasionally B．frequently
C．usually D．seldom
4．A.range B．symbol C．way D．mix
5．A.adventurous B．brave
C．independent D．creative
6．A.money B．equipment
C．directions D．suggestions
7．A.happened B．messed
C．changed D．disappeared
8．A.attacked B．caught C．followed D．impressed
9．A.sunk B．died C．failed D．recovered
10．pany B．advice C．comfort D．evidence
11．A.kept B．prevented C．denied D．suggested
12．A.In spite of B．In case of
C．In terms of D．As a result of
13．A.proof B．news C．fact D．cause
14．A.medicine B．entertainment
C．fishing D．tourism
15．A.could B．need C．should D．must
16．A.Therefore B．Otherwise
C．Instead D．Besides
17．A.delayed B．made C．considered D．threw
18．A.When B．While C．Because D．If
19．A.survived B．experienced
C．avoided D．suffered
20．A.refusing B．accepting C．giving D．begging
【押题专练】
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.We will have a further discussion before we draw a final________(conclude)．
2.The prime minister is making an important________(announce) at the moment.
3.Because of the severe________(pollute)，the water in the river is too dirty to drink.
4.The student________(absorb) in taking down data.
5.The belief that the world is flat is not________(science)．
6.Edison________a lot to the development of the world.I admire his great________.(contribute)
7.He tried to________forward，but he could hardly make any________.(move)
8.He was________about making predictions for the success of the program，so we responded________to his decision.(cautious)
9.Many buildings are under________(construct) over there.
10.She________(private) told the secret to me and I promised to keep it.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.Professor Wang said the reason for short-sightedness is complicated and there is still__________________(没有治疗方法)．
2.Keeping prices from going up too sharply is__________________(对中国是一个挑战)as well as the whole world.
3.Water can__________________(吸收和放出大量热量)without big changes in temperature，thus creating a stable environment.
4.The army was well-trained and well-armed，and had little difficulty__________________(打败敌人)．
5.__________________(暴露在阳光下很长时间)will do harm to your skin.
6.According to the driver's explanation，it was not his carelessness but the bad road conditions that__________________(负责任)the accident.
7.Our carelessness__________________(导致) some cases in recent days.
8.Apart from this，we also__________________(提出) several suggestions.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Apart from psychological illness，we are all largely responsible for our own emotional health.What we say to ourselves over and over for days，weeks，months，and sometimes years，has a great effect on how we see ourselves.This also contributes to many mental health disorders.
Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds，but if you're buried in them and believe them，they could be wearing your sense of self-esteem (自尊)．Here are a few beliefs that indicate you may need to switch the channel：I'm not good enough？/I don't deserve...？/No one likes me？/I'm a failure？
Negative thoughts remind you of your bad feelings and they bring your focus on your failures，and they get you nowhere.
What can you do？Here are some suggestions：
Switch the channel when negative thoughts appear.Self-talk is not so obvious that we often don't notice its effect on our mood and belief systems.Key things to notice are“if only”or“what if”statements：the former keeps you stuck in the past with regret，while the latter keeps you fearful of the future.There is nothing you can do about the past，and the future isn't here yet，so stay in the present moment.
Recognize that actions always follow beliefs.You'll find yourself behaving in ways that are consistent to your beliefs.So，start believing the best about yourself：act as if you believe that you're a valuable and worthy person.
Develop positive self-talk rather than negative self-talk.Instead of always looking down upon yourself in your head，think of some things you actually like about yourself.What are your strengths？What are you good at？Instead of saying“I'm a loser”，try saying，“I am capable./I'm good at.../I accept myself the way I am.”
Thinking poorly about ourselves gets us nowhere and is extremely self-limiting.Decide today to turn off the negative self-talk channel in your mind and develop your true potential.
语篇导读：文章主要告诉大家抛弃消极的思想，培养积极的思想。

1.From the first two paragraphs we can learn that________.
A．lots of people have no sense of self-esteem
B．focusing on negative thoughts may have bad effect on people
C．negative thoughts will strengthen our sense of self-esteem
D．few people have negative thoughts and mental problems
2.The underlined word“wearing”in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to“________”．
A．strengthening B．protecting
C．weakening D．replacing
3.What do the suggestions in the text tell us？
A．Our beliefs always come after actions.
B．Positive self-talk does good to our mental health.
C．Looking down upon ourselves is a sign of modesty.
D．“What if”keeps you stuck in the past with regret.
4.This text is most likely to appear in________.
A．a recreation guide B．a medical journal
C．a science textbook D．a travel brochure
Ⅳ.完形填空
One day，a kind woman happened to say something that hurt her best friend of many years.She__1__immediately and would do anything to take the words back.What she said hurt the friend so__2__that this good woman was herself hurt for the__3__she caused.In an effort to undo what she had done，she went to an older，wiser woman in the village，explained her__4__，and asked for advice. Listening to her，the older woman sensed the younger woman's worry and knew she must__5__her.She also knew she could never__6__her pain，but she could teach.She knew the outcome would only__7__the character of the younger woman.She said，“Tonight，__8__your best feather pillows and put a single feather on the__9__of each house in town before the sun rises.”
The young woman hurried home to prepare for it，__10__the feather pillows were very dear to her.__11__，she labored alone in the cold.Finally the sky was getting__12__.She placed the last feather on the steps of the last house.Just as the sun rose，she__13__to the older woman.
“Now，”said the wise woman，“Go back and__14__your pillows with the feather you have put on the steps.__15__everything will be as it was before.”
“You know that's impossible！The wind__16__away each feather as fast as I placed them on the
doorsteps！”The young woman was surprised.
“That's__17__，”said the older woman.“Never forget.Each of your__18__is like a feather in the wind.Once spoken，no amount of__19__，no matter how heartfelt or sincere，can return them to your__20__.Choose your words well and，most of all，guard them in the presence of those you love.”
语篇导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

说出去的话就像泼出去的水，不管我们做什么样的努力，都是无法收回的。

所以我们在说话之前一定要学会三思而后言。

1.A．replied B．forgot
C．laughed D．regretted
2.A．deeply B．slightly
C．little D．straight
3.A．blank B．intention
C．pain D．mess
4.A．lecture B．situation
C．shortcomings D．position
5.A．help B．scold
C．praise D．punish
6.A．feel B．resist
C．remove D．find
7.A．contribute to B．focus on
C．depend on D．recover from
8.A．show B．hide
C．throw D．take
9.A．roof B．step
C．wall D．mailbox
C．in case D．so long as
11.A．Worse still B．As a matter of fact
C．The following day D．All night long
12.A．light B．dark
C．snowy D．cloudy
13.A．appealed B．returned
C．waved D．nodded
14.A．sew B．decorate
C．refill D．preserve
15.A．Besides B．Or
C．Instead D．Then
16.A．blew B．gave
C．put D．drove
17.A．awesome B．elegant
C．wonderful D．true
18.A．words B．friends
C．promises D．expectations
19.A．appetite B．effort
C．idea D．joke
20.A．ears B．eyes
C．mouth D．face
Ⅴ.语法填空
There was once a king who adored music so much__1__he searched the world for the best instrument there was.One day，a wizard offered the king a harp(竖琴)．The king took it to the palace，__2__when he started playing it the harp was out of tune.Many other musicians tried it，and they agreed that the harp was__3__(use) and the king had been deceived.The harp was thrown out as rubbish.
A poor little girl__4__(late) found the harp，and even though she didn't know how to play，she decided__5__(have)a go.She played and played，the whole day through，for months and years，always__6__the harp out of tune，but she played better and better.
Then one day，__7__(sudden)，the harp started to play the most beautiful melodies.It was a magic harp，and could only be played well by those willing to put__8__the necessary interest and effort.
The king__9__(hear)the music from his window，and summoned the girl to the palace.When the king saw the girl play he was filled with joy.At that moment he made the girl his own private__10__(music)，giving her vast riches.
语篇导读：从前，有个国王非常喜欢音乐，他搜遍全世界要找到最好的乐器。

一天，巫师给他送来一把竖琴……
Ⅵ.短文改错
I'm very grateful to my parents.They not only gave me life，but also brought me up with endless love and support，feel so proud of my every improvements.I still remembered once I was seriously ill，they were so worrying and almost kept me companied the whole night.Now I'm Grade 3.Lucky for me，my parents can understand my stressful condition but often communicate with me with encouraging words.Furthermore，they give me enough personal space，which I appreciate it so much.
What I should do now are study hard.When I grow up，I will become an useful person and make my parents live a happy life.
Ⅶ.书面表达
近日，长沙市民李先生在上班途中刮擦了路边一停靠的私家车后主动留下联系方式。

这一新闻引起了社会对诚信问题的热议。

请简述这幅画的内容及其所涉及的社会现象，并谈谈你的看法。

注意：
1.词数不少于120；
2.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。

参考词汇：刮擦scratch
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