2020届天水市第一中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及参考答案

2020届天水市第一中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及参考答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Bob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman, they write “The Freshman oftenfaces an identity problem during the first semester.” College is a more pressured environment than it used to be, in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased. Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex, drugs and alcohol. Most don’t know how to manage their time or money. They often feel lonely and overwhelmed, resulting in anxiety and depression.
Nancy Corbin, director of clinical service for student-counseling (咨询) services at Iowa State University, says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are having trouble making the adjustment to college life. She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that aren’t easily defined or fixed. And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.
Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing them differently. For example, by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars. The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course. “Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,” they say. Many homesick freshmen think they’ll be regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving. So parents can help by letting them know they’re welcome to return if they feel the need. In the meantime, parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids. One of the best ways is e-mail. It’s less unpleasant and less expensive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.
1. Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?
A. Because they often fail in exams.
B. Because they lack time and money.
C. Because they are too homesick to make new friends.
D. Because they have to settle personal issues on their own.
2. In the last paragraph, it is suggested that ________.
A. parents should stop buying anything for their kids
B. parents should develop a good relationship with their kids
C. parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kids
D. parents should work with high schools in college-life courses
3. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Hard Life of College Freshmen
B. Approaches to Trouble in College
C. Freshmen’s Adaptation Problems
D. A Strange Phenomenon in College
B
Avi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.
Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”
“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.
Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.
Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.
4. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?
A. It is an icy comet.
B. It looks like a long photo.
C. It is actually some sort of rock.
D. It may come from another alien civilization.
5. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Goes against.
B. Relies on.
C. Turns to.
D. Searches for.
6. What do you think of Loeb?
A. He is foolish.
B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.
C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.
D. He is uncertain about his career future.
7. What's the best title for the text?
A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?
B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?
C. Scientists Are Working on High Technology
D. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel
C
Have you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？Maybe you did a dangerous trick on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet and thought you couldn’t get hurt. The psychology(心理) of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effect, named after Sam Peltzman, professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously.
Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts(安全带) . Driving a large four-wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers’ behavior. Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better, they feel they can make better judgments when they drive. They are better protected in accidents,so they act more dangerously. This makes driving morehazardousto other drivers.
The Peltzman Effect isn’t just limited to driving. In 1972, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles. The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally taking the medicine, especially painkillers such as aspirin. Requiring safety caps sounded like a great idea, but there was an unexpected side effect. Because the safety caps are so hardto take off, some people leave them off altogether．
Worse, some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap. A study on the Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3,500 children have been harmedby aspirin because of the safety caps.
The Peltzman Effect describes how we’re likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest. What’s more, the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what we expect.
8. What is the Peltzman Effect？
A. People behave less safely when they feel safe．
B. People feel safest when they are under protection．
C. Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe．
D. People who act dangerously are likely to be together．
9. What does the underlined word“hazardous”in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Interesting．
B. Expensive．
C. Dangerous．
D. Important．
10. Medicine bottles with safety caps ________．
A. are required throughout the world
B. meet the demands of the Peltzman Effect
C. sell well in the world
D. are not completely safe
11. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Unsafe Safety Measures
B. Types of Decision Making
C. People’s Fear of Taking Risks
D. Different Behaviors of People in Danger
D
Jerry Lawson had a love of science and invention from a very young age. And, with the support of his family and teachers, he took that love and helped change the world for billions of people, when he invented the modem video game cartridge.
Both of Jerry's parents supported his love of science and invention. His father, a longshoreman, was a science fan and encouraged Jerry to always experiment with things. Jerry's first-grade teacher helped encourage him on his path to be someone influential similar to George Washington Carver, a great AfricanAmerican inventor. His first love in school was chemistry but he ended up liking electronics（电子学）even more.
He earned an amateur ham radio license at age 13 and built his own radio station in his room, with an antenna hanging out of his window! Jerry earned money from fixing television sets, visiting people's homes for inhouse repair, and also working at local electronics stores. Jerry also made walkie-talkies and sold them to other kids. He spent many Saturdays at an electronics store that had all of the parts he needed for his inventions. He would use his small allowance and money he earned to buy parts to help fuel his inventions.
When he was a young adult, Jerry joined Fairchild Semiconductor as an engineer. During this time, he created his own video arcade game（街机游戏），Demolition Derby, in his garage.
A few years later, Jerry was asked to work on a secret project. Not even his boss was allowed to know what he was doing! What it turned out to be was that he was designing the Fairchild Channel F video gameconsole（游
戏控制器）and leading the team that invented the video game cartridge. This was the first of its kind and enabled kids around the world to affordably play video games at home.
Just like with automobiles，many advances have occurred since the inventionof video games. Video games are now one of the biggest forms of entertainment in the world. But all of this would not have been possible without the vision, passion, and skill of Jerry Lawson and his learn.
12. How did Jerry earn money when he was a teenager?
A. By running his radio station.
B. By selling television sets.
C. By repairing things for others.
D. By making electronic parts.
13. Before Jerry's secret project, playing video games at home was_____.
A. expensive
B. harmful
C. common
D. tiring
14. What does the author mainly tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Jerry Lawson and his team can be more skillful.
B. Jerry Lawson is important to the game industry.
C.Many advances have taken place in the automobile industry.
D. Video games are now the most popular form of entertainment.
15. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Video Gaming-An Important Industry
B. Game Console-Key to Home Video Games
C. Jerry Lawson-Father of Modern Gaming
D. Support and Encouragement-Necessary for Success
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项You’re faced with a lot of decisions in everyday work. There are multiple tasks calling for your focus, and you are burning daylight or even burn out trying to decide what comes first.___16___
If you’re going to think smarter about how you prioritize (排序) tasks, you have to invest a little time away from your to-do list. Here’s the thing: what you work on confirms your values. You may think it’s no big thing to work overtime for a little while, but something will be sacrificed with this decision. If you’re a parent, you might spend less time with your kids. Similarly, if you choose not to work much or effectively, you’re deciding that your values lie outside your career.___17___
Write all the tasks down and create four boxes containing all of things you care about. This could be: helps
the community, helps one-to-one relationships, makes money, and things you find personally fulfilling. Then place them in the boxes and see how many of the boxes each one takes up. Anything that fills just one box has to be reconsidered. Anything that fills nothing should not be considered at all.___18___From here, the rest of the prioritization gets a little easier. You now have a better idea where the efforts are really paying off. You also know when you are wasting your own time.
In order to figure out a plan for yourself, the first thing you should be doing is gathering all of your tasks, large and small.____19____Other people are counting on you or your future self will depend on them somehow. These are actually easier to prioritize. Then break down large tasks into smaller pieces. That helps put things in order. Part of the reason we do the small things first is that being productive feels good. Acknowledging accomplishments makes you more likely to keep going and pushes you through the more complicated tasks.
___20___Notice when your energy levels are high and when they are weak. Be aware when you’re more productive for social activities and when you’re better off. The more you study yourself, the easier planning becomes.
Now that you have your priorities in order, go ahead and you will boost your productivity.
A. You can also prioritize based on energy levels.
B. The good news is that some tasks can keep you motivated.
C. So how can you figure out what’s most important to work on first?
D. This activity allows you to see where you really want to invest your energy.
E. If you want to make a new list, you need to turn to your colleagues for help.
F. There are some tasks that are pretty straightforward and you need to do the thing.
G. Where you invest your time is not just about what you value but also what you don’t value.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
Eclipse, an adorable dog in Seattle, leaves her house every day by herself to catch a bus to a downtown dog park, where she stays for a couple of hours to exercise and make friends. When she's done,she___21___to the bus stop to catch a ride back to her home using the ticket she has been___22___to her collar. It's___23___that the independent woman doesn't need human___24___
It all___25___when Eclipse's owner Jeff was taking her to the park one day and he was taking too long to finish his cigarette when the bus arrived. Unwilling to delay the___26___any longer,Eclipse left him behind, hopping on the bus and waiting a few___27___before thanking the driver and___28___off at the park. Ever since
then,___29___being led by its owner, Eclipse has travelled to and from the local dog park alone.
In a___30___on Face book, which has racked up(累积)more than 290,000 shares, Robbie Lauren said that the dog's owner___31___realized that Eclipse knew the _32___33___like the back of her paw. Soon he___34___her enough to go on her own, knowing she would always return a couple of hours later, "All of the bus drivers know her and she makes them___35___"he wrote, “ and many of the___36___passengers enjoy seeing her every day and will often sit down next to her. Even the police have given their___37___as long as the bus drivers are okay with the arrangement.”All of the drivers on the route will___38___Eclipse if they see her waiting for a lift, before ensuring the bus pulls over at the park if she forgets to press the stop___39___. Eclipse has even got her own Face book page, with___40___21.000 fans sharing their photos and experiences of the___41___dog.
22. A. tends B. bends C. heads D. turns
23. A. associated B. attached C. added D. applied
24. A. inspiring B. satisfying C. thrilling D. amazing
25. A. defense B. assistance C. inspection D. judgment
26. A. started B. existed C. came D. followed
27. A. trip B. bus C. owner D. arrival
28. A. hours B. blocks C. stops D. turns
29. A. dropping B. jumping C. running D. falling
30. A. instead of B. aside from C. regardless of D. due to
31. A. report B. guide C. file D. post
32. A. entirely B. instantly C. vitally D. finally
33. A. way B. driver C. park D. map
34. A. allowed B. instructed C. trusted D. urged
35. A. panic B. smile C. glare D. pray
36. A. generous B. unselfish C. grateful D. regular
37. A. punishment B. kindness C. appreciation D. approval
38. A. take away B. lay off C. pick up D. set down
39. A. button B. window C. door D. seat
40. A. constantly B. mostly C. nearly D. frankly
41. A. active B. popular C. flexible D. committed
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Many students may feel___41.___(stress) because of their parents. Most parents have good intentions,___42.___some of them aren't very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in___43.___(adjust) to college, and a few of then seem to go out of their way to add to their children’s___44.___(difficult).
For one thing, parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face. They don't realize that the___45.___(compete) is stronger, that the required standards of work are___46.___(high), and that their children may not be prepared for___47.___change. They may be upset by their children’s poor grade.
At their kindest, they may___48.___(gentle) ask why John or Mary isn't doing better. Whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on. At their worst, they may threaten___49.___(take) their children out of college or cut off living expenses.
Sometimes parents think it night and natural that they determine___50.___their children do with their lives. They forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。

每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

The winter holiday I am looking forward to is drawing near. I feel more than happier because I will have more time to make good use. With so many things to do, I had already made a plan. First of all, I will go to visit my grandparents. It was them who brought me up. Not having seen them for near six months, I missed them very much. When I come back, I’ll devote my time to go over the notes, what is of great help to my study. Through a month’s hard work, and I'm sure to make great progresses. How satisfying the result will be!
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文
A young and successful manager had a new Jaguar, whose side* door was dented（凹陷的）. The damage was very noticeable, but the manager never bothered to repair it. He kept the dent there to remind him of one
afternoon as well as this message：Don't go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at you to get your attention!
The manager was traveling down a neighborhood street, going a bit too fast in his new. Jaguar. He was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. As his car passed, no children appeared. Instead, a brick crashed into the Jag's side door! He braked sharply and drove the Jag backward to the spot where the brick had been thrown. The angry driver then jumped out of the car, grabbed the nearest kid and pushed him up against a parked car, shouting, “What was that all about and who are you?”
The young boy apologized. "Please mister ... please, I’m sorry. . . I didn't know what else to do," he begged.
“I threw the brick because no one else would stop. . ." With tears corning down his face, the little boy pointed to a spot just around a parked car.
“My elder brother fell out of his wheelchair and I can't lift him up. he said.
Still crying, the boy asked the astonished manager, "Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He's hurt and he's too heavy for me. ”
Moved beyond words, he hurried to the spot with the boy. Another boy was lying on the, ground bleeding. He took out his clean handkerchief and touched lightly at the fresh scrapes（擦伤）and cuts. A quick look told him that the wound was serious, the disabled must be taken to the hospital at once.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Luckily, he had a first-aid kit in the car.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________
In fifteen minutes, they arrived at the nearest hospital.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A
12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C
16. C 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. A
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. D 32.
A 33. C 34.
B 35. D 36. D 37.
C 38. A 39. C 40. B
41. stressed
42. but/yet
43. adjusting
44. difficulties
45. competition
46. higher 47. the
48. gently 49. to take
50. what
51.(1).happier → happy
(2). make good use 后面加of
(3). had→ have
(4).them → they
(5). near → nearly
(6). missed → miss
(7). go → going
(8). what → which
(9). 去掉and
(10).progresses → progress
52.略。