高二英语人教版选修8unit2Section Ⅳ Grammar跟踪训练(含答案解析)

Section ⅣGrammar
同位语
1．(教材P11)Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
2．(教材P14)The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.
3．The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.
4．We’ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
5．The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.
同位语
一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他形式)，作为对前者的进一步说明，这一部分就叫作同位语。

可充当同位语的有名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词(短语)、动名词(短语)及从句等。

1．名词、代词或数词充当同位语
◆We students all respect our teachers.(名词作同位语)
我们学生都尊重自己的老师。

◆They each put forward a proposal at the meeting.(代词作同位语)
在会议上他们每个人都提出了一个建议。

◆Please bring these books to them three.(数词作同位语)
请把这些书捎给他们三个人。

2．名词短语、形容词(短语)等充当同位语
◆Mr.Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. (名词短语作同位语)
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很友好。

◆Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3，198 meters above sea level. (形容词短语作同位语)
青海湖，中国最大的内陆咸水湖，海拔3 198米。

【即时演练1】——写出下列句中充当同位语的词(短语)的词性
①We both have a chance to take part in this activity. 代词
②Please take these caps to them four. 数词
③Wang Bing, our monitor, will help us turn in our papers. 名词短语
④Is this what you have done, leaving all these things in a mess?动名词短语
⑤People, old and young, went to the street to watch the parade.形容词短语
同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫作同位语从句。

它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。

常见的这类名词有fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，promise，order，problem，belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement，desire, doubt, answer, proposal, advice, possibility等。

◆There came the news that the scientists had made a major breakthrough in cloning.
传来了科学家在克隆方面取得了重大突破的消息。

◆I have no idea that you have applied for the post.
我不知道你已经申请了这个职位。

◆All of us know the truth that the world is made up of matter.
我们大家都知道世界是由物质构成的这个事实。

◆Why are they surprised at the idea that he will retire next year?
他们为什么对他将在明年退休的想法感到惊讶？
【即时演练2】——完成句子
①我们终于得到了票价已上升的信息。

We finally got the information that the ticket price had gone up.
②你知道这位著名的演员已经结婚的事实吗？
Do you know the fact that the famous actor has already got married?
③她宣布了她将会独自旅行的决定。

She announced her decision that she would have a journey alone.
同位语从句的连接词
1．连接词that, whether
that引导同位语从句时，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，一般不能省略。

whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否”，但仅起引导作用，在句中并不作成分，不可以用if替换。

◆The news that our team has won the match is true.
我们队获胜的消息是真实的。

◆There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
约翰是否会准时到来值得怀疑。

2．连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose
连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等；其意义分别为“谁”“什么”“哪一个”“谁”“谁的”。

◆The question who should clean the room has been solved.
谁该打扫房间的问题已经解决了。

◆I have no idea what he is up to now.
我不知道他现在在干什么。

◆With time going, the doubt which team would win disappears.
随着时间的推进，哪支队伍会赢得这场比赛的疑问消失了。

◆The problem whom he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again.
他将代替谁这个问题在会议上被反复讨论。

◆The message whose responsibility it was was known to all.
大家都知道了是谁的责任的消息。

3．连接副词when, where, why, how
连接副词when, where, why, how引导同位语从句时，在句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语；其意义分别为“什么时间”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么样”。

◆They have no idea when I will go back.
他们不知道我什么时候回去。

◆I have no idea where he has gone.
我不知道他去了哪里。

◆I have no idea why he gave up.
我不知道他为什么放弃了。

◆I have no impression how he went home.
他是怎样回家的，我没有印象。

【即时演练3】——(1)在下列句中填入恰当的连接词
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence__that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
②The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【即时演练3】——(2)将下面的句子合并为同位语从句
③Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet. The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.
→The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.
同位语从句的几个注意事项
1．同位语从句中的虚拟语气
名词suggestion, order, demand, command, request等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should＋)do”的形式。

◆The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to make our country stronger is necessary.
每个人都应该努力来使我们的国家变得更强大的建议是有必要的。

◆This is my advice that you (should) practice speaking English as often as possible.
这就是我的建议，你(应该)尽可能经常地练习说英语。

2．doubt后的同位语从句
名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导；no doubt(毫无疑问)后的同位语从句用that引导。

◆There is no doubt that he will come to help me whenever I am in trouble.每当我有困难时他都会来帮我，这是毫无疑问的。

(no doubt表示肯定概念)
◆We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们能否按时完成任务。

(some doubt表示不确定的概念)
3．分隔式同位语从句
有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。

◆A saying goes that where there is life, there is hope.
谚语说：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

(that引导的同位语从句，说明saying的内容)
【即时演练4】——单句语法填空
①Word came that their team had won the important game.
②There is some doubt whether they will accept the advice or not.
③He gave his daughter some advice that she (should) make (make) good use of her holiday.
④I have no doubt that we need some help to do the work.
that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句定语从句
that不作成分，起连接作用，不可省略；所引that作主语、宾语或表语，起连接作用，作宾
导的句子对前面的名词加以解释说明，且名词为抽象名词。

如
The news that Tom will go abroad next year was told by him.
汤姆明年出国的消息是他告诉我的。

(that
Tom will go abroad next year作the news的同位语，解释the news的具体内容) 语时可以省略；所引导的句子与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。

如
The news that he told me is that Tom will go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年出国。

(that he told me作the news的定语，that作told的宾语)
同位语从句用法口诀
同位语从句似“定从”，两种句式有异同；
从句均在名词后，定“限”同“释”要分清；
定从“that”宾可省，同位从句“that”不省。

同位语从句的简易判断方法
我们可以在名词和从句之间加be动词，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑、句子通顺，则是同位语从句。

【即时演练5】——填入适当的连接词并判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句
①I have no idea when they will come to Shanghai？同位语从句
②The information that you got yesterday is very useful. 定语从句
③The information that you gave me yesterday is very useful. 同位语从句
④We all remember those unforgettable days when we together had a meaningful time.定语从句
Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．Jane didn’t answer the question whether it is a deal or not.
2．Tom made his teacher a promise that he would never be late again.
3．There remains a doubt among the public whether the medicine is safe enough for children.
4．We were very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals.
5．It was once a common belief that the sun moved round the earth.
6．What we need are patience and determination in order to complete the task well.
7．To reduce air pollution, the order came that some factories should be closed.
8．What I can’t understand is why she has made up her mind to resign from her present position.
9．I am really interested in how she improved her oral English in such a short time.
10．The truth that light travels faster than sound has been known to us.
Ⅱ语法与写作
1．她工作努力这一事实是众所周知的。

The fact that she works hard is known to everyone.
2．他可能会考试不及格的想法使他很焦虑。

The thought that he might fail the exam worried him a lot.
3．我会申请那份图书管理员的工作，简单的理由就是我喜欢阅读。

I will apply for the job as a librarian for the simple reason that I like reading．
4．她经常问我这个问题：这工作是否值得做。

She often asks me the question whether the work is worth doing．
5．父母很快就回来的消息使得小姑娘非常兴奋。

The news that her parents would come back soon made the little girl very excited.
6．没有人会否认环境正变得越来越糟的事实。

No one can deny the fact that the environment is getting worse and worse.。