2021年长沙市怡雅中学高三英语下学期期中考试试题及答案解析

2021年长沙市怡雅中学高三英语下学期期中考试试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Three Things to Do Before You Are 18
Are you bored with your daily life? Here are some things you should try before you are 18.
★Learn to swim
Seriously, this is so important that it can save your life. If you can’t swim well, you won’t be able to dowater sports like waterskiing, surfing and diving. Even taking a boat trip will be dangerous for you. Make sure you do it.
★Try at least one kind of team sports
Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can’t just think of yourself, but have to work well with other people. Other advantages of team sports like basketball, football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy, and they are also great fun. Teams usually have a good social life too—you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends.
★Collect something
One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things. You could collect kinds of stamps, or you could collect things that make you remember what you have done, like cinema tickets for films you have seen or letters from friends. The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you. That way you won’t forget.
1. The most important reason for learning to swim is that ________.
A. you might feel well
B. it can make you healthy
C. you might easily do lots of things
D. it can save your life
2. The writer tells us that one of the best hobbies is to ________ .
A. collect something
B. do some water sports
C. send letters to your friends
D. play basketball with your friends
23. The passage is mainly about ________before you are 18.
A. good habits to keep
B. skills to have
C. things to do
D. sports to play
B
Many of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.
In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.
And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.
Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.
4. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.
A. chiliescan be beneficial
B. chilies are popular inAmerica
C. chilies can be dangerous
D. serious headaches can be dangerous
5. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.
A. decreasing death rate
B. releasing natural chemicals
C. curing serious headaches
D. providing enough nutrition
6. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.
B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.
C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.
D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.
7. The writer wrote the passage to ________.
A. warn people of the dangers of chilies
B. ask people to eat Carolina Reaper
C. encourage people to eat more chilies
D. tell people the benefits of chilies
C
Before moving to Stokholm, I did my research on Sweden and was confident about my move. However, I quickly realized on my first day that so much of what I learnedwas so very wrong. There are many things that a Google search cannot show about Sweden.
The first is fika. A fika is taking a break from whatever you are doing to enjoy a coffee with friends. Swedes value community highly so it makes sense that they would like to set aside time each day to reconnect with others. Fika is a great time to meet new people as well as catch up with friends.
I grew up in the American South where everyone is very friendly. I found that little things like not being asked my life story at the coffee shop by the waiter upset me. However, Swedish people are not rude. Instead, they practice being logom, which means “just enough”.
The winters can be very dark and cold, so the Swedish people do not take any sunny day for granted. Since the weather has been fine, I have found myself walking a lot around Stockholm. Often it is easiest to get from place to place by walking, which allows you to see so much of the city and enjoy the fresh air. Though it has been very tiring to get used to, it also has made me feel better about all of the kardemummabullar that I have been eating!
I think it is important for students who want to study abroad to know that it is hard to move to countries no matter how “similar” you may think they may be. You have to jump in with both feet and be patient with yourself as well as others. As long as you keep an open mind and are willing to learn, you will have a great experience.
8. What do we know about fika?
A. It is a waste of time.
B. It is a way to balance life and work.
C. It is all about drinking coffee.
D. It is a Swedish social tradition.
9. What does the author think of Swedish people?
A. They are friendly.
B. They seem a bit cold.
C. They appear really rude.
D. They are interested in other's life.
10. Why does the author like walking?
A. It is fun and not very tiring.
B. It is good exercise on cold days.
C It allows her to enjoy sunny days. D. It gives her the chance to eat the local food.
11. What's the author's advice for students going abroad?
A. Be confident.
B. Be careful.
C. Be open- minded.
D. Be hard- working.
D
The race skywards began inAmerica. In the late1800s, industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up, making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective, according to Carol Willis, director of theSkyscraperMuseuminNew York, “The very first tall buildings were office buildings that concentrated a work force, piled one on top of the other in order to make business very efficient, ”she says.
Like all major changes in architecture, the trend wasunderpinnedby engineering. The development of steel framework, which could be used instead of load-bearing stones, made it easier and cheaper to build tall. The coming of the elevator, meanwhile, made living on higher floors far more convenient.
Though similar in shape, today's skyscrapers (摩天大楼) look little like those built in the first half of the 20thcentury. This is mostly thanks to architecture's next major technological shift：the curtain wall.
Postwar developments in manufacturing meant that huge panes of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly, and glass windows soon became the front of choice for high-rises. As well as allowing for greater floor space and more natural light, glass exteriors (外部) help. buildings resist greater windloads.
There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall. But that doesn't mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely. While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it brings.
“Every city wants to have this landmark that gives that sense of distinct culture, ”but it also needs places for people to live and work in urban settings“without the city sprawling (无序扩张), ”explains Hong Kong architect Simon Chan.
The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height：At a time when buildings and their construction account for more than a third of the world's energy consumption and contribute about 40% of greenhouse gas emissions(排放), there are new costs to consider.
Whether it's employing more energy-efficient materials, encouraging natural air or using buildings themselves to generate solar or wind energy, reducing carbon emissions is the new frontier for many skyscraper architects.
12. What does the underlined word“underpinned” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Created.
B. Prepared.
C. Suggested.
D. Supported.
13. What made living on higher floors much more convenient?
A. The development of steel framework.
B. Load-bearing stones.
C. The use of the elevator.
D. The curtain wall.
14. What can we know from paragraph 5?
A. Our cities will grow taller definitely.
B. All skyscrapers are at least 300 meters tall.
C. Construction cost rises as the stories increase.
D. The profit for builders will be greater as the building becomes higher.
15. What's the next big challenge facing architects?
A. How to build the greenest building.
B. How to build the strongest building.
C. How to build the tallest building in the world.
D. How to build the most comfortable building.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Scientists often see the first ten years of a child's life as the "window of opportunity,"___16___And studies show that the following activities can benefit their brain greatly.
___17___
Free playtime has always been an important part of "being a kid",but it is also important to a child's development."Free play" not only helps kids develop different skills,it also helps them develop into happy healthy adults in the future.
Read with kids.
Readinghas long been known to improve children's intelligence.___18___For parents who don't have much time, just surrounding your kids with books goes a long way too.
Put kids to bed early.
___19___Preschool children should get at least eleven hours of sleep and kids up to age 12 should try to get at least ten hours of sleep.
Learn a second language.
Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual（双语的）kids can perform better under pressure.Young children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency（流利）and pronunciation.
Praise good effort not intelligence.
Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put into tasks.Kids,who are praised on intelligence,often feel it is a fixed quality,and mistakes or failures badly hurt their self-confidence.Kids who are praised on effort often focus more on learning.___20___
A. Play some helpful games.
B. Give them enough playtime.
C. And they are not afraid to fail and try again.
D. Kids still need time away from the TV to do homework.
E. Kids who read often develop earlier writing and number skills as well.
F. Everything at this time is very important to the development of a person's brain.
G. Studies show that kids with regular bedtimes are better at languages,math and reading.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项People have been saying great things about my dad____21____.They keep telling me that my dad is a____22____because of his job.
My dad is a surgeon and like many other doctors inChina, he____23____to go toWuhanto care for patients there. But the hospital____24____he works only kept him staying to make sure that local patients are still able to receive regular treatment. So my dad just follows his normal____25____, analyzing patients’ diseases and____26____chest operations.
With all kinds of compliments toward my dad, I become____27____. My dad has been a doctor long before the____28____of COVID-19, why has no one else praised him as a hero before? Didn’t he____29____such compliments when this disease wasn’t around?
When we talk about heroes, what kind of____30____often jumps into our minds? War leaders who conquered everything that stood____31____? Historic characters who ruled a strong kingdom? Or our dear movie stars: the Avengers? Well, they are indeed heroes, and they made marvelous achievements. However, are the____32____of heroes just prepared for these so-called “supermen” and “superwomen”?
I don’t think so. Heroes____33____our real lives. They can be seen and they are mortal, just like you and me.
Now many streets of Chinese cities are almost____34____; the schools are closed and the shops are shut. But in this world, some things remain____35____. If there’s a fire, just call 119, and you know that the firefighters will be there____36____minutes. If you happen to go out on the road, you’ll come across police officers waving their flags to direct the traffic.
____37____, in hospitals, from doctors to nurses, cleaners to security guards, these people still____38____their jobs, doing the same services as they ever did. The reason why they are still dedicated is not a____39____for compliments, but out of a willingness for their duty.
These people, who are or were dedicating themselves to the job, do not need to be____40____as heroes just for now because they are heroes all the time .
21. A. latter B. lately C. late D. last
22. A. soldier B. nurse C. guard D. hero
23. A. opposed B. afforded C. considered D. offered
24. A. when B. which C. where D. what
25. A. section B. routine C. trend D. criterion
26. A. performing B. inspecting C. receiving D. allocating
27. A. inspired B. confused C. involved D. moved
28. A. outbreak B. output C. outcome D. breakthrough
29. A. acquire B. deserve C. attain D. achieve
30. A. image B. memory C. imagination D. description
31. A. across the way B. on the way C. by the way D. in the way
32. A. pages B. genius C. pictures D. admirers
33. A. belong to B. work on C. exist in D. result in
34. A. clear B. crowded C. empty D. narrow
35. A. unexpected B. unchanged C. unbelievable D. uncontrollable
36. A. beyond B. for C. over D. within
37. A. Eventually B. Fortunately C. Similarly D. Apparently
38. A. stick to B. show off C. live up to D. count on
39. A. ambition B. capability C. responsibility D. desire
40. A. accepted B. adapted C. praised D. advocated
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
An international team of researchers have found thata___41.___(high) consumption of fruit and vegetables is linked to a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (二型糖尿病).
The researchers examined the blood levels of vitamin C and carotenoids among 9,754 adults with diabetes
and 13,662 adults___42.___diabetes as a comparison group.
Carotenoids are pigments (色素)that produce bright yellow, red and orange___43.___(colour) in plants, vegetables and fruits.
According to the study___44.___( publish ) in the British Medical Journal of 2019, scientists mentioned every 66-gram increase in daily fruit and vegetable intake___45.___(associate) with a 25-percent lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Zheng Jusheng, a researcher from West Lake University and first author of the study,___46.___(strong) recommended high fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Blood levels of vitamin C and carotenoids are more objective and reliable markers___47.___the new study also provides other evidences___48.___(support) fruit and vegetable intake, he added.
The study is based on data from eight European countries but it can still offer important___49.___(guide) for other countries. Zheng plans to carry out similar studies in China to see____50.____the results are similar.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Two weeks after the summer vacation, I had been thinking about how to do since I didn’t have to go to school for couple of months. During the holiday, I finished my homeworks quite early. Then we thought it would be a good idea to find a job to do for the rest of the bored holiday. I clearly remembered it was the first time that I have had a job. I spent a month in an office, mainly keyed information into the company’s database. Every day I just did the same thing, but I try my best to love the work and continue. Although I found the job not interesting and I didn’t earn much, but I still learned a lot from it.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假如你是李华，你的英国朋友David是你校的一名交换生，六一儿童节期间他准备参加当地帮助残疾儿童的志愿者活动，他想给一些残疾儿童送一些礼物，发来邮件询问什么礼物合适。

请你根据下列要点回复，并表示感激。

1.感谢他尽己所能去帮助残疾儿童；
2.说明自己决定和他一起去；
3.建议送些水果或儿童书籍等，并说明理由。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________
参考答案
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C
12. D 13. C 14. C 15. A
16. F 17. B 18. E 19. G 20. C
试题分析：
21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D 32.
A 33. C 34. C 35.
B 36. D 37.
C 38. A 39.
D 40. C
41. higher
42. without
43. colours
44. published
45. was associated
46. strongly
47. and 48. to support
49. guidance
50. if/whether
51.(1).after→before
(2).how→what
(3).在couple前面加a
(4).homeworks→homework
(5).we→I
(6).bored→boring
(7).have→had
(8).keyed→keying
(9).try→tried
(10).将but去掉52.略。