完形填空专项复习学案

完形填空基本解题技巧指导
I. 学习目标
学习并掌握完形填空的基本解题技巧
II. 考纲解读
完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。

这个题型要求考生根据文章的整体内容，区分结构的层次和内容的逻辑关系，去选择适合文章情节的答案。

所以说情景意义型的命题形式是完形填空试题自身的内在要求。

这种形式的试题的命题特点是：对于四个选项，如果孤立地去看对应挖空的句子，都能满足句子的要求，无论将哪一个选项放进去，从词法上说都是正确的。

因为四个备选项词类相同，即使个别小题的四个备选项有不同者，其语法功能也往往是一样的。

考生只有结合上下文语境才能选出正确的选项。

III. 命题趋势
高考中的完形填空会逐渐淡化语法分析，朝着深层化和语境化的方面挖掘，因此，我们只有借助上下文乃至全文的语境启示，揣摩作者的心情，以及他的态度。

IV. 命题特点
1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合;
2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;
3. 首句完整, 主题明确;
4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;
5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;
6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;
7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;
8. 常识语法, 每年出现。

V. 突破方法
1.根据上下文解题。

例1 My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling
36 , but I always knew he was 37 . … he never criticized（批评）us ,but
used praise（表扬）to bring out our best …father said: “when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law.”
36. A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener
37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned
例2 I put my head in, expecting the 42 (worst). But to my 43(surprise), the room
wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curt ains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new 44 , dressed neatly.
44. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 2.运用习惯搭配，辨析词义。

例3 Soon I heard a 41 like that of a door burst in, and then a climb of feet. 41. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout
例4 So I tried hard with my writing and went to college. My first novel 45 while I was at college.
45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back
3.上下连贯标志语，讲究逻辑。

例5 It was taking up a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a choice ; stay in school 47 leave to work on my magazine.
47. A. besides B. but C. and D. or
例6 …and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 38 quite pleasant taste.
38. A. besides B. but C. and D. or
例7 A transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry… 48 , radio broadcasts are better for blind people.
48. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes
例8 They are some of the poorest people in a poverty stricken country. 53 , now they have an extra source of income .
53. A. But B. And C. However D. Therefore
例9 Ella Fant was a middle aged lady who lived with her only son John in a small house. She 1 John very much. In her eyes he couldn’t do anything 2 ….
1. A. depended on B. waited on C. trusted D. loved
2. A. wrong B. great C. good D. strange
4.运用生活常识和文化背景知识。

例10 …, because the earth is divided into 41 time zones（区）, one hour apart..
41. A. twenty-two B. twenty-three C. twenty-four D. twenty- five 例11 …, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00. On 39 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.
39. A. sunny B .rainy C. cloudy D. snowy
例12 Finally I turned the key in the lock and 47 the door open, with Dad still complaining about a hurting knee or something.
47. A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried
5. 运用语法知识。

例13 We don’t have to tell children 55 they should take from the story and what the moral is.
55. A. that B. what C. which D. whom
6. 避开陷阱，勿被烟雾弹所迷惑。

例14 Sixteen is a 44 age, when a young man wants respect, not charity. It was 1976, and the ugly shadow of racial discrimination（种族歧视）was still a fact of life.
44. A. prideful B. wonderful C. respectful D. colorful VI. 巧解完形填空——高分技巧
一、研究首句——找主题
二、上下联系——寻信息
三、左顾右盼——找搭配
四、思前想后——觅逻辑
五、语境分析——辨词义
六、集中精力——破难题
七、回读检查——补漏洞
VII．解决几个实际问题
1. 关于通读全文的问题。

2. 词语辨析，主要从以下几方面来区分同义词或近义词。

(1)词的搭配能力。

如主谓搭配，动宾搭配，动介搭配，介宾搭配等。

(2)词的使用范围不同。

如voice 与sound。

(3) 词义的深层内涵的区别。

如common与ordinary。

3. 圈点形容词和副词。

4. 充分利用语篇标志语。

语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，他们被称为“语篇标志语”。

如表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, thirdly等；表示因果关系的thus, so, therefore等；表示改变话题的by the way; 表示转折的but, while, now等。

5.贯彻先易后难的原则。

6.换位思考，以作者的思路考虑问题。

VIII．巩固练习
(A)
My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 1 , but I always knew he was 2 , he never criticized(批评)us, but used 3 to bring out our best. He’d say, “ If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you don’t give them water, they die.”I4 as a child I said something5 about somebody, and father said, “6 time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it’s a reflection of you.” He explained that I looked for the best 7 people, I would get the best8 . From then on I’ve always tried to9 the principle in my life and later in running my company.
Dad’s also always been very 10 . At 15, I started a magazine. It was 11 a great deal of time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 12 : stay in school or leave to work on my magazine.
I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, 13 any good father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “ Richard, when I was 23, my dad 14 me to go into law. And I’ve 15 regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, 16 I didn’t achieve my 17 . You know what you want. Go fulfill it.”
As 18 turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a nation 19 for young people in the UK. My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad 20 me.
1. A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener
2. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned
3. A. praise B. courage C. power D. warmth
4. A. think B. imagine C. remember D. guess
5. A. unnecessary B. unkind C. unimportant D. unusual
6. A. Another B. Some C. Any D. Other
7. A. on B. in C. at D. about
8. A. in case B. by turns C. by chance D. in return
9. A. revise B. set C. review D. follow
10.A. understanding B. experienced C. serious D. demanding
11.A. taking up B. making up C. picking up D. keeping up
12.A. suggestion B. decision C. notice D. choice
13.A. and B. as C. even if D. as if
14.A. helped B. allowed C. persuaded D. suggested
15.A. always B. never C. seldom D. almost
16.A. rather B. but C. for D. therefore
17.A. promise B. task C. belief D. dream
18.A. this B. he C. it D. that
19.A. newspaper B. magazine C. program D. project
20. A. controlled B. confronted C. reminded D. raised
高考智慧馆
完形填空看穿了就是一种“填字游戏”，每一个空格在文章中都是有“填字”暗示的，关键是要找到这个暗示。

找暗示的唯一方法就是“读”！每一小题几乎都要有上下文的支持，上面要填的词也许在下面文章中就会体现。

完形填空就像是“思维体操”来锻炼我们的逻辑推理判断能力。

平时要多练，多悟。

读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格，有不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。

但做题时，不大可能一气呵成。

能做的，先做，不能做的，暂时放弃。

待处理完全文，甚至在处理过程中，往往会有柳暗花明之时。

另外，在做题时，应把眼光放远一些，看文章是否有暗示词。

要融入文中，设身处地地想想主人公当时是怎样的感受，会有怎样的举动，注意感情上的纠葛，体会作者的幽默，悟出文章的思想意义。

答案：C;C;A;C;B;C;B;D;D;A;A;D;B;C;A;B;D;C;B;D
解析：
(1) 根据(14)空后的me to so into law判断此处应用lawyer。

本题考查名词用法。

(2) 根据下文内容，父亲从来不批评我们，而是利用表扬使我们更好。

因此判断，父亲与一般人不一样，而是特别的。

本题考查形容词辨析。

(3) 与批评相对的，应是表扬。

根据前后文，考查名词的用法。

(4) think认为；imagine想象；remember记着；guess猜想。

(4)空后叙述了他过去做过的一件事，因此应用remember。

本题考查动词的用法。

(5) unnecessary“不必要的”，unkind“不友好的，恶意的”unimportant“不重要的”；unusual“不平常的”。

根据下文中的“if I look for the best...”可知，自己说了一些不好的话，因此应用B项。

本题考查形容词的用法。

(6) another time“另一次”；some time“一段时间”；any time“任何时候”，other time“其余时间”。

这4个短语，只有any time可引导时间状语从句。

本题考查time短语的用法。

(7) in表示“一个人如何看待另一个人”。

如：You've got a very good friend in Pat。

你有个好朋友帕特。

本题考查介词的用法。

(8) in case“万一，以防”；by turns“轮流”；by chance“碰巧”；in return “作为回报”，根据题意：如果你在别人身上寻找好的东西，作为回报，你也会得到最好的东西。

本题考查固定短语的用法。

(9) follow the principle“遵循这一准则”。

本题考查固定搭配。

(10) 根据下文，作者谈到自己辍学搞杂志创作，父亲没有反对，而是鼓励他按自己的愿望去做，因此父亲是善解人意的。

本题考查形容词的用法。

(11) take up“占据”，make up“构成”；pick up“拾起，捡起”；keep up“保持”。

根据题意；写杂志占去很多时间，因此A项正确。

本题考查短语动词的用法，一定要牢记短语的意义及用法。

(12) 根据下文stay in school or leave to work on my magazine判断，老师给了两个选择。

本题考查名词的用法。

(13) and“并且”；as引导方式状语从句，“像……一样”；even if引导让步状语从句“即使”；as if引导让步状语从句，“好像”。

据题意：像任何一个好父亲一样，爸爸设法劝我改变决定。

本题考查连词的用法。

(14) help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”；allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”；persuade sb. to do sth. “说服某人做某事”；suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”。

根据上文可知，父亲想做生物学家，而最终是做了律师，很显然是被爷爷说服了。

本题考查动词用法。

根据搭配及上下文来判断。

(15) 当时爷爷要我父亲从事法律，而父亲自己想当生物学家。

尽管父亲听了爷爷的话，做了律师，但是父亲一辈子总是后悔。

本题考查副词的用法。

(16) 根据前后意思。

此处表转折，因此B项正确。

考查连接词的用法。

根据上下文判断。

(17) 自己想做生物学家，而被自己的父亲说服了做了律师，因此自己没有去追求自己的梦想。

本题考查名词的用法，根据上下文判断。

(18) it turned out...“结果是……”，为固定结构。

本题考查代词的用法。

(19) 根据上文：自己创办自己的杂志，可知B项正确。

本题考查名词的用法，此题须根据上下文来判断。

(20) 我现在有两个孩子，我想用父亲抚养我的方法来抚养他们。

raise有“抚养，养育”之意。

本题考查动词的用法。