审计学-一种整合的方法

©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Balance and Transactions Affecting Balances Example
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Financial Statements Cycles
Audits are performed by dividing the financial statements into smaller segments or components.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
reporting versus misappropriation of assets
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Auditor’s Responsibilities for Discovering Illegal Acts
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Auditor’s Responsibilities for Discovering Illegal Acts
Evidence accumulation and other actions when there is reason to believe direct- or indirect-effect illegal acts may exist
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Transaction Flow Example
Transactions
Cash disbursements
Payroll services and disbursements
Journals Cash
disbursements journal
Payroll journal
Ledgers, Trial Balance, and Financial
2. Divide financial statements into cycles.
3. Know management assertions about accounts.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Auditor’s Responsibilities
Material versus immaterial misstatements Reasonable assurance Errors versus fraud Professional skepticism Fraud resulting from fraudulent financial
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Learning Objective 2
Distinguish management’s
responsibility for the financial
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Management’s Responsibilities
Management is responsible for the financial statements and for internal control.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act increases management’s responsibility for the financial statements.
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Management’s Responsibilities
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act provides for criminal penalties for anyone who knowingly falsely certifies the statements.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Steps to Develop Audit Objectives
4. Know general audit objectives for classes of transactions and accounts.
5. Know specific audit objectives for classes of transactions and accounts.
Audit Responsibilities and Objectives
Chapter 6
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Learning Objective 1
Explain the objective of conducting an audit of financial statements and an audit of internal controls.
It requires the CEO and the CFO of public companies to certify the quarterly and annual financial statements submitted to the SEC.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
Direct-effect illegal acts
Indirect-effect illegal acts
Evidence accumulation when there is no reason to believe indirect-effect illegal act exists
Statements
General ledger and subsidiary
records
General ledger trial balance
Allocation and
adjustments
General journal
Financial statements
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
Classify transactions and account balances into financial statement cycles and identify benefits of a cycle approach to segmenting the audit.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Relationships Among Transaction Cycles
General cash
Capital acquisition and repayment cycle
Sales and collection
cycle
Acquisition and payment
cycle
Inventory and warehousing
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Learning Objective 3
Explain the auditor’s responsibility for discovering material misstatements.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
cycle
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
Payroll and personnel
cycle
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Learning Objective 5
Describe why the auditor obtains a combination of assurance by auditing classes of transactions and ending balances in accounts, including presentation and disclosure.
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Transaction Flow Example
Transactions Sales
Cash receipts
Journals Sales journal
Cash receipts journal
Ledgers, Trial Balance, and Financial
Statements
statements and internal control
from the auditor’s responsibility
for verifying the financial
statements and effectiveness
of internal control.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Steps to Develop Audit Objectives
1. Understand objectives and responsibilities for the audit.
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Objective of Conducting an Audit of Financial Statements
The objective of the ordinary audit of financial statements is the expression of an opinion of the fairness with which they present fairly, in all respects, financial position, result of operations, and its cash flows in conformity with GAAP.
General ledger and subsidiaryr Nhomakorabeacords
General ledger trial balance
Acquisition of goods
and services
Acquisitions journal
Financial statements
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
Actions when the auditor knows of an illegal act
©2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 12/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder
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Learning Objective 4