考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析

考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析
2012年考研英语全真模拟题及答案解析
Section ⅠUse of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHE ET 1. （10 points）
Many foreigners who have not visite d Britain call all the inhabitants English，for they are used to thinking of the Brit ish Isles as England. 1，the British Isles contain a variety of peoples，and only the people of England call themselves E nglish. The others 2 to themselves as W elsh，Scottish，or Irish，3 the case m ay be；they are often slightly annoyed 4 being classified as “English”。

Even in England there are many 5 in regional character and speech. The chie f 6 is between southern England and no rthern England. South of a 7 going from Bristol to London，people speak the ty pe of English usually learnt by foreign s
tudents，8 there are local variations. Fur ther north regional speech is usually “9”than that of southern Britain. Northerner s are 10 to claim that they work harder than Southerners，and are more 11. The y are open-hearted and hospitable；forei gners often find that they make friends with them 12. Northerners generally have hearty 13：the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire，for instance，may look forw ard to receiving generous 14 at meal tim es. In accent and character the people o f the Midlands 15 a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of En glishman. In Scotland the sound 16 by t he letter “R” is generally a strong soun d，and “R” is often pronounced in wor ds in which it would be 17 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a seri ous，cautious，thrifty people，18 inve ntive and somewhat mystical. All the Cel tic peoples of Britain （the Welsh，the I
rish，the Scots）are frequently 19 as b eing more “fiery” than the English. They are 20 a race that is quite distinct from the English. （289 words）
Notes：fiery暴躁的，易怒的。

1. [A]In consequence[B]In brief[C]In general[D]In fact
2. [A]confine[B]attach[C]refer[D]add
3. [A]as[B]which[C]for[D]so
4. [A]with[B]by[C]at[D]for
5. [A]similarities[B]differences[C]certai nties[D]features
6. [A]factor[B]virtue[C]privilege[D]divi sion
7. [A]line[B]row[C]border[D]scale
8. [A]who[B]when[C]though[D]for
9. [A]wider[B]broader[C]rarer[D]scarce r
10. [A]used[B]apt[C]possible[D]probab le
11. [A]perfect[B]notorious[C]superior
[D]thorough
12. [A]swiftly[B]promptly[C]immediatel y[D]quickly
13. [A]appetites[B]tastes[C]interests[D] senses
14. [A]helpings[B]offerings[C]fillings[D] findings
15. [A]designate[B]demonstrate[C]repr esent[D]reckon
16. [A]delivered[B]denoted[C]depicted
[D]defined
17. [A]quiet[B]obscure[C]faint[D]silent
18. [A]rather[B]still[C]somehow[D]eve n
19. [A]rendered[B]thought[C]impresse d[D]described
20. [A]with[B]of[C]among[D]against
Section ⅡReading Comprehension P art A Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each
text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark y our answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）
Text1
We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular societ y is influenced by the definition of the s exes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down，and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us，that is，scien tific discoveries and ideological revolutio ns. Our nature is not considered as imm utable，either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century，the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically chall enging the roles，responsibilities and sp ecific characteristics attributed to each s ex，and yet，scarcely twenty years ago，
these were thought to be “beyond disp ute”。

We can safely say，with a few mino r exceptions，that the definition of the s exes and their respective functions rema ined unchanged in the West from the be ginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction，raised in some ca ses to the status of uncompromising du alism on a strongly hierarchical model，lasted throughout this period，appealing for its justification to nature，religion an d customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore chil dren and took care of the home. The ma n set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his famil y，by satisfying their needs in peacetim e and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the diverge nce of the sexes. Any overlapping or co nfusion between the roles was seen as
a threat to the time-honored order of thi ngs. It was felt to be against nature，a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the “place”app ropriate to each. Women's place was，fi rst and foremost，in the home. The out side world，i.e. workshops，factories a nd business firms，belonged to men. Th is sex-based division of the world （priva te and public）gave rise to a strict dich otomy between the attitudes，which con ferred on each its special identity. The woman，sequestered at home，“cared，nurtured and conserved”。

To do this，she had no need to be daring，ambitiou s，tough or competitive. The man，on the other hand，competing with his fell ow men，was caught up every day in t he struggle for survival，and hence dev eloped those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today，many women go out to work，and their reaso
ns for doing so have changed considera bly. Besides the traditional financial ince ntives，we find ambition and personal f ulfillment motivating those in the most f avorable circumstances，and the wish t o have a social life and to get out of th eir domestic isolation influencing others. Above all，for all women，work is inv ariably connected with the desire for ind ependence. （454 words）
Notes：pin down 把…讲明确；确定。

i mmutable不可改变的。

dualism双重论。

div ergence分歧，偏离。

overlapping部分巧合、一致。

time-honored 由来已久的。

dichotomy 一分为二，对立。

sequester使隔离。

be cau ght up in 被缠住于，如：He is caught up in the trivia （琐事）of everyday things. unduly过度地，不恰当地。

21. It is only in recent years that we have recognized that
[A]there is almost no clue to the ide ntity of both sexes.
[B]the role distinction between differ ent sexes is conspicuous.
[C]the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture.
[D]the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.
22. From paragraph 1 we can infer t hat it is now possible for women to em bark on a career because
[A]the change in sex roles is out of the question.
[B]women's lib has been going on fo r many years.
[C]ideas about the roles of women h ave been changing.
[D]the expansion of sciences scarcel y remolds the women's roles.
23. The author believes that sex disc rimination in the West before the 1960s was
[A]preferable.
[B]prevalent.
[C]presumable.
[D]precedent.
24. According to the fourth paragrap h，the author seems to think that
[A]female passivity is natural.
[B]men and women are physically id entical.
[C]men are born competitive and ag gressive.
[D]some different sex identity is acq uired.
25. According to the author，which of the following is the most important re ason for women to go to work？
[A]Wish to claim their rights and fre edom.
[B]Ambition and self-fulfillment.
[C]Financial incentives.
[D]Desire for a social life.
Text2
The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigoro us and steady fashion. The revival in co nsumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for g oods and services and the marked incre ase in consumer willingness to take on i nstallment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equip ment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in th e economy was also reflected in the stre ngth of the stock market and in the stab ility of the bond market. For the year as a whole，consumer and business senti ment benefited from the ease in East-We st tensions. The bases of the business e xpansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover，the
restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of prod uction efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition，the economic policy moves ma de by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Fin ally，of course，the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines. The United States b alance of payments deficit declined shar ply. Nevertheless，by any other test，t he deficit remained very large，and ther e was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable defici t，almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performan ce proved disappointing，there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed
impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit，howeve r，the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important wi ll be our own efforts in the United State s to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external bal ance. The underlying task of public polic y for the year ahead—and indeed for the longer run—remained a familiar one：t o strike the right balance between encou raging healthy economic growth and avo iding inflationary pressures. With the eco nomy showing sustained and vigorous g rowth，and with the currency crisis high lighting the need to improve our competi tive posture internationally，the emphasi s seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of
wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivit y growth is unexpectedly large，howeve r，the expansion of real output must ev entually begin to slow down to the econ omy's larger run growth potential if gene ralized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided. （449 words）
Notes：inventory 存货。

East-West te nsions 东西方紧张局势。

fiscal （与国库的钱有关的）财务的（常指税收）。

liquidity 周转率，清偿力。

leeway 余地。

given 鉴于，由于。

the Phase Three program 第三阶段计划。

26. The author mentions increased i nstallment debt in the first paragraph in order to show
[A]the continuing expansion of the e conomy.
[B]the growth of consumer purchasin g power.
[C]the consumers'confidence in the e conomy.
[D]the soaring consumer incomes for spending.
27. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with
[A]the revival of stronger liquidity po sitions.
[B]the stimulative monetary and fisca l policies.
[C]the causes of business developm ent for the period.
[D]economic policy measures sugges ted by the President.
28. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author's attitude towa rd the reduction of the international pay ments deficit seems
[A]bitter-sweet.
[B]optimistic.
[C]sympathetic
[D]depressing.
29. Part of the public policy task，a s outlined in the text，is to
[A]prevent payments deficit.
[B]avoid inflationary pressures.
[C]devalue the dollar.
[D]increase the balance of trade.
30. It can be learned from the last p aragraph that the Phase Three program contained
[A]reduced government spending.
[B]devaluation of the dollar.
[C]productivity measures.
[D]wage and price controls.
Text3
Shopping has always been somethin g of an impulse activity，in which objec ts that catch our fancy while strolling ar e immediately bought on a whim. Advert isers and sellers have taken advantage o f this fact，carefully positioning inexpen sive but attractive items on paths that w e are most likely to cross，hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater
profit for them. With the dawn of the Int ernet and its exploding use across the world，the same tactics apply. Advertise rs now place “banners”，links to comme rcial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes whil e browsing the webs，on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar fo r the right，thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during t he course of our casual and leisurely w eb surfing，we'll click on that banner th at sparks our interest and thus，in theo ry，buy the products advertised. Initial r esults have been positive. Web sites rep ort a huge inflow of cash，both from th e advertisers who tempt customers in wi th the banners and the hosting web site s，which are paid for allowing the bann ers to be put in place. As trust and con fidence in Internet buying increases and
information security is heightened with n ew technology，the volume of buying is increasing，leading to even greater profi ts. The current situation，however，is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazin e readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodical s，web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Inter net users respond to the flood of banne rs by viewing them as annoyances，a n egative image that is hurting sales，sinc e users are now less reluctant to click o n those banners，preferring not to supp ort the system that puts them in place. I f Internet advertising is to continue to b e a viable and profitable business practi ce，new methods will need to be consi dered to reinvigorate the industry. With t he recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy，even new practices may not do the trick. As cons
umers are saving more and frequenting t raditional real estate businesses over the ir Internet counterparts，the fate of Inter net business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable i ndication of whether shopping on the w orld wide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whi m has passed. （404 words）
Notes：on a whim 心血潮。

surf v. 冲浪。

in theory在理论上，顺理成章。

hosting 访问率高的。

call……into question质疑，对…提出疑问。

31. It can be learned from the first p aragraph that Internet advertising
[A] has taken the place of more trad itional methods of advertising. [
B] is one of the most effective ways to make profits on the web.
[C] is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings.
[D] seeks to tempt customers throug
h impulse shopping methods.
32. The second and third paragraphs are written in order to illustrate
[A] the policy Internet advertisers de sign to lure clientele and its outcome.
[B] the process and mixed conseque nces of Internet advertising and shoppin g.
[C] the biggest splash Internet adver tisers have recently made in sales prom otions.
[D] the banners Internet advertisers t ake advantage of to arouse customers'in terest.
33. Analyzing the current state of th
e online advertising in paragraph 4，the author implies that
[A] it has to be modified over time t o remain effective.
[B] for all its current profits，it will fade in the long run.
[C] banners are beginning to lose th eir advertising efficiency.
[D] Internet advertising methods will continue to decrease sales.
34.The expression “do the trick” in t he last paragraph most probably means
[A] come to the point.
[B] fulfill their purpose.
[C] fail of their success.
[D] live up to their promise.
35. The author's attitude toward onli ne advertising can be summarized as
[A] reserved consent but discontent.
[B] objective analysis void of opinio ns.
[C] enthusiastic support but slight c ontempt.
[D] approval so far but uncertainty i n the future.
Text4
Picture-taking is a technique both fo r reflecting the objective world and for e xpressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already ex ist，though only the camera can disclos e them. And they depict an individual ph otographer's temperament，discovering i tself through the camera's cropping of r eality. That is，photography has two dir ectly opposite ideals：in the first，phot ography is about the world and the phot ographer is a mere observer who counts for little；but in the second，photogra phy is the instrument of fearlessness，q uesting subjectivity and the photographe r is all. These conflicting ideals arise fro m uneasiness on the part of both photo graphers and viewers of photographs to ward the aggressive component in “takin g” a picture. Accordingly，the ideal of a photographer as observer is attracting
because it implicitly denies that picture-t aking is an aggressive act. The issue，of course，is not so clear-cut. What pho tographers do cannot be characterized a s simply predatory or as simply，and es sentially，benevolent. As a consequenc e，one ideal of picture-taking or the oth er is always being rediscovered and cha mpioned. An important result of the coe xistence of these two ideals is a recurre nt ambivalence toward photography's me ans. Whatever are the claims that photo graphy might make to be a form of pers onal expression just like painting，its
originality is closely linked to the po wer of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the ex traordinary informativeness and imaginati ve formal beauty of many photographs，like Harold Edgerton's high-speed photog raphs of a bullet hitting its target or of t
he swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophistica ted，more automated，some photograp hers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really ar med，preferring to submit themselves to the limit imposed by pre-modern camer a technology because a cruder，less hi gh-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results，to l eave more room for creative accident. F or example，it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers，incl uding Walker Evans and Cartier Bresso n，to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doub t the value of the camera as an instrum ent of “fast seeing”。

Cartier Bresson，i n fact，claims that the modern camera may see too fast. This ambivalence towa rd photographic means determines trend s in taste. The cult of the future （of fas
ter and faster seeing）alternates over ti me with the wish to return to a purer pa st when images had a handmade quality. This longing for some primitive state of the photographic enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-d ay enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and th e work of forgotten nineteenth-century pr ovincial photographers. Photographers a nd viewers of photographs，it seems，need periodically to resist their own kno wingness. （451 words）
Notes：crop vt. 播种，修剪（树木），收割。

count for little 无关紧要。

predatory 掠夺成性的。

champion n. 冠军；vt. 支持。

b enevolent好心肠的，行善的。

ambivalence 矛盾心理。

make （+不定式）似乎要：He m akes to begin. （他似乎要开始了。

）swirls and eddies 漩涡。

cult狂热崇拜。

daguerreo types （初期的）银板照相法。

36. The two directly opposite ideals of photography differ primarily in the
[A]emphasis that each places on the emotional impact of the finished produc t.
[B]degree of technical knowledge tha t each requires of the photographer.
[C]way in which each defines the rol e of the photographer.
[D]extent of the power that each req uires of the photographer's equipment.
37. According to paragraph 2，the i nterest among photographers in each of the photography's two ideals can be de scribed as
[A]steadily growing.
[B]cyclically recurring.
[C]continuously altering.
[D]spontaneously occurring.
38. The text states all of the followin
g about photographs EXCEPT：
[A]They can display a cropped realit y.
[B]They can convey information.
[C]They can depict the photographer' s temperament.
[D]They can change the viewer's sen sibilities.
39. The author mentions the work of Harold Edgerton in order to provide an example of
[A]the relationship between photogra phic originality and technology. [
B]how the content of photographs h as changed from the nineteenth century to the twentieth.
[C]the popularity of high-speed phot ography in the twentieth century.
[D]how a controlled ambivalence tow ard photography's means can produce o utstanding pictures.
40. The author is primarily concerne
d with
[A]describing how photographers'indi vidual temperaments are reflected in thei r work.
[B]establishing new technical standar ds for contemporary photography.
[C]analyzing the influence of photogr aphic ideals on picture-taking.
[D]explaining how the technical limit ations affect photographers'work.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some senten ces have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one fr om the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra c hoices, which do not fit in any of the ga ps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHE ET 1. (10 points)
The first two stages in the developm ent of civilized man were probably the i nvention of primitive weapons and the di scovery of fire, although nobody knows
exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.
41)______________________ Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, b ut even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even wi th the most intensive professional instru ction. The superior brain of man is appa rently a necessity for the mastering of s peech. When man became sufficiently int elligent, we must suppose that he gradu ally increased the number of cries for di fferent purposes. It was a great day whe n he discovered that speech could be u sed for narrative. There are those who t hink that in this respect picture languag e preceded oral language. A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave t o show in which direction he had gone, or what prey he hoped to catch. 42)____ _____________________
Two important stages came not so l ong before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of anima ls; the second was agriculture. Agricultu re made possible an immense increase i n the number of the human species in t he regions where it could be successfull y practiced. 43)_______________________ ____
44)______________________________
These inventions and discoveries—fir e, speech, weapons domestic animals, a griculture, and writing—made the existen ce of civilized communities possible. Fro m about 3000 B.C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technic al advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to becom e accustomed to his technique, and to d evelop the beliefs and political organizati ons appropriate to it. There was, of cour
se, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confin ed to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris, and the Indus, but at the end of the pe riod in question it covered much the gre atest part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no t echnical progress during the time. 45)__ ____________________ (512 words)
Notes: ape 猿。

pastoral nomad 田园式的游牧部落的人。

the Euphrates 幼发拉底河。

the Tigris 底格里斯河。

the Indus 印度河。

i n question所谈的(在名词后作后置定语)。

[A] Probably picture language and or al language developed side by side. I a
m inclined to think that language has be en the most important single factor in th e development of man.
[B] Another fundamental technical ad vance was writing, which, like spoken la nguage, developed out of pictures, but a s soon as it had reached a certain stage,
it was possible to keep records and tra nsmit information to people who were n ot present when the information was giv en.
[C] With the development of civilizati on, primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language, w hich would help them to communicate w ith one another.
[D] The origin of language is also o bscure. No doubt it began very gradually.
[E] In fact, there was progress—ther e were even two inventions of very grea t importance, namely, gunpowder and th e mariner's compass—but neither of thes e can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and wr iting and agriculture.
[F] These were, at first, only those i n which nature fertilized the soil after ea ch harvest. Agriculture met with violent r
esistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comfort s it provided.
[G] But industry was a step in huma n progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (1 0 points)
Our daily existence is divided into t wo phases, as distinct as day and night. We call them work and play. We work many hours a day and we allow the nec essary minimum for such activities as e
ating and shopping. 46) The rest we spe nd in various activities which are known as recreations, an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do no t even play in our hours of leisure, but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertainment.
We need to make, therefore, a hard-and-fast distinction not only between wo rk and play but, equally, between active play and passive entertainment. 47) It is, I suppose, the decline of active play —of amateur sport —and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which have given rise to a sociological interest in the problem. If the greater p art of the population, instead of indulgin g in sport, spend their hours of leisure “viewing” television programs, there will inevitably be a decline in health and phy sique. In addition, we have yet to trace t he mental and moral consequences of p
rolonged diet of sentimental or sensation al spectacles on the screen. 48) There is, if we are optimistic, the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody. Nine films out of ten seem to leave abs olutely no impression on the mind or im agination of those who have seen them.
49) It is only when entertainment is active, participated in, practiced, that it c an properly be called play, and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sen se play stands in contrast to work, and is usually regarded as an activity that al ternates with work.
Work itself is not a single concept. We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living. Some of us work physically, tilling the land, minding the machines, digging the coal; others work mentally, keeping accounts, inventing ma
chines, teaching and preaching, managin g and governing. 50) There does not see m to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations, except that they c onsume our time, and leave us little leis ure.(356 words)
Section ⅢWriting
Part A
51. Directions:
Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80—100 Englis h words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 poin ts)
帮助孩子重新振作
孩子得不到帮助，后果可能很严重。

根据一次全国性调查，父母离婚或分居的小孩在接下来的3年内比别的小孩更有可能出现健康问题。

父母离婚的小孩留级率或停学率可能是别的小孩的两倍，需要咨询的概率很可能比别的小孩多3倍。

仅仅靠时间无法愈合这类精神创伤，这些孩子需要成年人的帮助。

下面提供3项策略，是我
在为这类有问题的家庭提供咨询时总结出来的：
一、尽早将真相告诉小孩。

我们提出了以下几个办法：
亲自向孩子透露令人沮丧的消息。

当孩子意识到自己和他所熟悉并信任的某个人共同分享
真相时，他能正确面对几乎任何事。

如果有可能，离婚的父母双方在孩子听到他们离婚的消息时
都应在场。

如果家庭压力与一个意外事故有关，要说清楚事故的原委。

否则，有些孩子会产生无端的负罪感。

如果有较大的突发事件，要小心地解释家庭生活可能会发生的变化。

对孩子来说，了解任何事实比不明就里强。

二、鼓励孩子将自己的情绪讲出来，但如果孩子还没准备好，也别强迫他们。

小孩子和成年人一样，也需要谈谈自己的缺憾。

你可以用下面几个方法帮他们敞开心扉：
发生悲剧时，首先跟孩子聊聊你自己的感受和烦恼，以便使孩子更容易表达出他们的感受。

然后问些能引导进一步讨论的问题。

跟孩子谈话要挑选适当的时机和场合。

如果你无法用言语表达痛苦或担忧，可以考虑给你的孩子写一封信。

让孩子理解你的内心感受很重要，这样他们才能更好地理解他们自己的感受。

三、着眼于未来。

我在伊利诺伊州的几个朋友改建了住房。

改建工程完成一个星期后，一场大火毁灭了房子，全家人差点儿葬身火海。

过后，父母和孩子们坐下来谈话。

“一切都过去了，”母亲说，“以后的生活绝不会跟以前一样，一定会再好起来的。

”经过一年的努力，全家人搬进了新居，新房子就建在原先房子的所在地。

他们的财产比以前少多了，但是他们感情上变坚强了，决心在生活上翻开新的一页。

当危机袭来时，不健康的家庭会分崩离析，健康的家庭会向前看，重新构建，他们通常会遵照下面的3条基本原则：
做父母的得先治愈自己的创伤。

如果父母中的一方或父母双方带头的话，孩子就比较容易从一次较大的家庭挫折中重新振作起来。

衣阿华州立大学的一些研究人员在研究中西部450个家。