虚拟语气形式及综合练习讲稿

虚拟语气形式及综合练习讲稿
第一部分虚拟语气的形式
第一部分导论
表示虚拟语气的方法很多，主要通过时态呼应来表示。

其形式有：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气、与将来事实相反的虚拟语气、用It is....that句型表示虚拟语气、用介词短语或者复合连词引导虚拟语气、用wish
句型表示虚拟语气、用某些动词引导虚拟语气、用as if 等表示虚拟语气、用情态动词组合表示虚拟语气，及其他虚拟语气的表达形式。

一、与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
1. If there were no gravity, _______air around the earth.
A. there would not be
B. there would be not
C. there had been no
D. there would be no
选D,从句用过去时,主句用过去将来时.
2. If we did not have atmospheric pressure, we __ automobile fires.
A. would have not
B. had been no
C. could not have
D. will not have
选C,主句could也可用would might等代替
3. If the bearings _______ properly, they would be rapidly overheated.
A. had not been lubricated
B. would not be lubricated
C. were not lubricated
D. be not lubricated
选C,表示与现在事实相反
4. _______ not for television, we could not see things happening in other places at the moment they are happening.
A. Was there
B. Were there
C. Was it
D. Were it
选D,可用倒装形式表示虚拟语气,但必须省略if
5. _______,he would help us to solve these problems.
A. Had he time
B. Did he have time
C. Had time if be
D. Had he had time
选A,相当于If he had time
二过去事实相反的虚拟语气
1. Tom would have gone to New York _______to get a plane reservation.
A. if he would be able
B. if he were able to
C. if he had been able
D. if he was able to
选C,主句用过去将来完成时,从句用过去完
成时,
2. One investigation showed that forty percent of those killed in auto accidents __ if they had been wearing seat belts.
A. would have been saved
B. could have been saved
C. should have been saved
D. might have been saved
选B,可用could来代替would 表示可能
3. _______,I would never have managed to fulfill the task ahead of time.
A. Had it not been for your help
B. If it were not for your help
C. If it has not been for your help
D. Were it not for your help
选A,可用倒装句型,省略if
4. "The president made a brilliant decision, didn't he?"
"Yes, he did. I don't know what I'd have done.
_______to make that decision."
A. would I have
B. have I had
C. had I had
D. did I have
选C,表示我不知道当时如果要我作出决定的话,我该怎么办.
5. "Why didn't Tom give you one of his paintings?"
"I didn't want one, but he would have given me one if I really __
A. did
B. would
C. were
D. had
选D,相当于if I had wanted one ,省略是为了避免重复.
三与将来事实相反的虚拟语气
1. If the waters of the ocean __ moved away, the sea floor with its wide valleys, un-even mountains and submarine rivers would be an unbelievable sight.
A. was able to
B. were able to
C. could be
D. would be
选C,主句用would be , 从句可用should be
或者could be ,全句译成:有朝一日,如果人们能把海水移走,那么展现在我们面前的将是那宽广的海谷凹凸不平的群山以及地下河流.
2. If he _______this test, he might do it in some other way.
A. had done
B. should do
C. would have done
D. were to do
选D,我们可以用were to 来代替should.另外,还需注意主句用动词原形,从句可用过去式,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气.
3. _______today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Were he leaving
B. Would he leave
C. If he leaves
D. If he had left
选B,相当于If he would leave.
4. _______made to work in this way, it would increase its efficiency by 100%.
A. Were the engine to be
B. If the engine would be
C. Was the engine be
D. If the engine was
选 A. 用were to 来代替would,从意思上讲更好,全句译成:"如果未来人们能够用这种方法使发动机运转的话.....选B从语法上讲也没错.
5. If he should come tomorrow, he __help us to see into the matter.
A. will
B. should
C. can
D. could
选B,当主语是第二,三称时,用should表示说话人的看法或者意志.
四用It is...that 句型表示虚拟语气
1. It was essential that all the necessary documents_______ to the president's office before the end of this month.
A. be handed in
B. must be handed in
C. should hand in
D. had been handed in
选A, It is essential that 句型要求从句时态用should+ 动词原形; should 常常
被省略,这类关键词还有' important, best, necessary, important , desirable, advisable,
urgent, vital 等等.
2. It is appropriate that more time _______to thorough study of the scheme.
A. should have been devoted
B. ought to be devoted
C. must be devoted
D. be devoted
选D,表示应该多花点时间仔细研究这项计划.
3. It's important that a student_______ that the number on a card specifies the location of the book in the library.
A. understand
B. understands
C. understood
D. had understood
选A, 在it is...that句型中尽管是第三人称单数仍然应选动词原形,因为前面省略了should.
4. It is imperative that your signature ___ on your
identification card.
A. had to appear
B. appeared
C. appears
D. appear
选D. It is imperative that.. 表示"......,是绝对必要的".动词前省略了should,所以用原形.
5. It's highly desirable that a new general manager __ for this company.
A. is appointed
B. be appointed
C. will be appointed
D. would be appointed
选 B. highly 表示"非常",强调语气.省略should.用动词原形.
6. It seems so unfair that this ______happen to me all the time.
A. does
B. /
C. should
D. would
选C,这里should表示'竟然",不能省略.
五用介词短语或者复合连词引导虚拟语气1. But for the help he gave me, I __ my task ahead of time.
A. had not completed
B. could not complete
C. would not have completed
D. completed 选C 短语用过去式,表明此句与过去事实相
反.
2. He ______in it but that he saw it himself.
A. could not believe
B. could not have believed
C. had already believed
D. were believing
选B. but for 后面+名词,而but that 后面+句子,句意相同,表示"除非他亲眼所见"
3. Without trees, our entire world __ a much drier place.
A. had been
B. were
C. would be
D. is to be
选C. without + n. 后面三种情况都可能,这里可转换成If there were no trees
4. In the absence of friction, belts__ in conveying goods from one machine to another.
A. won't be used
B. were not used
C. had not been used
D. could not be used
选D,表示与现在事实相反.
5. He has been working hard for fear that____.
A. he fell behind
B. he would fall behind
C. he should fall behind
D. he had fallen behind
选C,在for fear that 动词形式是should + 动词原形. should :有时也被省略.'
6. The mother put the medicine high on the shelf lest the little boy __ it.
A. take
B. takes
C. took
D. will take
选 A. lest 与for fear that 同义,后面用should + 动词原形. should 有时被省略
7. Supposing that she doesn't come, __ we do?
A. what shall
B. what should
C. what would
D. what will
选 A.supposing that 与If同义,表示假使,但是,不用虚拟形式.
六用wish句型表示虚拟语气
1. I wish that the weather _______ not so hot.
A. was
B. were
C. be
D. had been
选B,表示与现在事实相反,
2. We wish that you ______such a lot of work, because we know that you would have enjoyed the party.
A. would not have
B. wouldn't have had
C. did not have
D. had not had
选D,表示与过去事实相反.
3. We wish you _____your mind before leaving tomorrow.
A. could change
B. changed
C. had changed
D. would have changed
选D,表示与将来事实相反.
4. Marry wishes that she __ her father last night.
A. had met
B. would have met
C. could meet
D. met
选A,注意:是last might,而不是wishes决定时态的属性.
5. My grade on the final examination is
terrible; I wish I __ a new plan more thoroughly.
A. had studied out
B. studied out
C. would have studied out
D. could study out 选D,表示但愿我能制订一个新计划.
七用某些动词引导虚拟语气.txt
1. He insisted that she _____the umbrella for it's raining hard outside.
A. takes
B. take
C. must take
D. is taking 选B,在动词demand, insist, require, request, suggest, recommend, order, decide,
urge 等后面的从句中,可以省略should, 用动词原形.
2. The housemaster was strict. He requested that we __ television on week nights.
A. did not watch
B. not watch
C. must not watch
D. would watch no
选B,省略了should
3. I deman d either of you __ back to take an umbrella for fear that you should be
caught in the rain.
A. hurry
B. will hurry
C. hurries
D. hurried
选A,省略了should,直接跟动词原形.
4. The general manager recommends that we ____ as patient as possible whatever the consumes of this kind complain of.
A. be
B. am
C. were
D. shall be
选A,省略了should 用be
5. The law requires that every car ___ at least once a year.
A. will be checked
B. be checked
C. must be checked
D. ought to be checked
选B,省略了should.有时候,也可用被动形式.
6. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 1l o'clock at night.
A. not be played
B. did not play
C. were not played
D. do not play
选 A.相当于The hotel management requests that ....
7. We were surprised that he _____this method of killing time.
A. chooses
B. chose
C. would choose
D. should choose
选D,这里用动词原形更好.
8. It was proposed that the matter __ related in detail at the next lecture.
A. will be
B. would be
C. had to be
D. should be
选D,同上.表示将作详细论述.
9. The professor gave orders that the test __ before 5:30.
A. will have been finished
B. Be f inished
C. will be finished
D. should have been finished
选B. gave orders 等于ordered, 只是说法不一样而已.
10. Everyone agreed to his suggestion that another bridge __ built across the river.
A. was
B. had been
C. be
D. would be
选C, that 从句依然指建议,表示一种虚拟.
11. May I beg that you ______ any decision in
this matter until I negotiate with you?
A. don't make
B. not make
C. won't make
D. haven't made
选B. beg与urge 同义,表示"请求"
12. We are rejoiced that our predictions __ so accurate.
A. are
C. should be
D. will be
选C,这里也表示竟然.全句译成:"我们竟然会猜中,真使我们兴奋不已,
八用as if. as though. even if 和even though 引导虚拟语气.
1. The molecules of a gas behave as though they __ perfectly elastic bodies.
A. had been
B. be
C. were
D. would be
选C,表示与现在事实相反.
2. This device operates as if______
A. it was repaired
B. it had been repaired
C. it would be repaired
D. it should have been repaired
选B,表示与过去事实相反
3. ______they had dropped from the air, scores
of ants began to materialize on the sandwich I had placed beside me.
A. As if
B. Only if
C. Even if
D. What if
选A,表示仿佛从天上掉下来似的.
4. Heat can flow from a hot body to a cooler body as if it __
a fluid.
A. was
C. is
D. will be
选B,不管主是单数还是复数,均用were表示虚拟.
5. Even though I were starving, I __ a favors of him.
A. would not ask
B. were not asking
C. had not been asking
D. did not ask
选 A. even though 与as though 不一样.even though 表示"即挨饿".其实并不挨饿.
6. I didn't know this Picasso Exhibition was closed, but I wouldn't have been able to come even if _____ about it.
A. I knew
B. I had known
C. I would know
D. I have been knowing
选B, even if也与as if 不一样.even if 表示"即使我知道",其实不知道,时态的呼应与if句型相同.
九,用情态动词组合表示虚拟语气.
(一) can/could + have + Ved
1.The English of this composition is too good; she __ it herself.
A. can't have written
B. shouldn't have written
C. night not have written
D. mustn't have been written
选A,表示"不可能她自己写的"
2. Joseph __ it upstairs this morning for he went to Italy yesterday.
A. won't have taken
B. can't have taken
C. may not have taken
D. didn't take
选B,表示约瑟夫不可能今早拿上楼梯.
3. We __ what the neighbors said because of the noise from the sea.
A. might not have heard
B. may not have heard
C. mustn't have heard
D. couldn't have heard
选D,表示"不可能听到邻居的说话声" could 的可能性比can小.
4. Judging from what you said, he __ this work still better.
A. could have done
B. might have done
C. must have done
D. may have done
选A.表示"照你的话来说,他本来可以干得更出色.
5. Nearly half a million of the death in Europe between 1980 and 1984 __ avoided.
A. should have been
B. could have been
C. ought to have been
D. might have been
选B,表示"本可以避免",另外,要注意主,被动态.
(二) may/might + have +Ved
1. He promised to come at five o'clock, but it is already half past five. He __ the train.
A. must have missed
B. might have missed
C. may have missed
D. should have missed
选C, may + have+ Ved 表示现在推测过去的事,是一种主观臆断,推测"或许他没有赶上火车.
2. "Whatever has happened to Brown?"
"I don't know. He _____lost."
A. can have
B. might have
C. may have
D. must have
选C,因为这是说话人对事情的主观臆断,表示"他或许迷路了"
3. She ______ill quite suddenly otherwise she would come anyway.
A. must have been
B. could have been
C. should have been
D. might have been
选D, might + has + Ved 时,隐隐约约有一种条件句的含义,表示"她或许突然生病了.否则,她一定会来的.相当于"如果她不生病,她一定会来.
4. I __ come to a wrong conclusion thus making her so angry.
A. could have
B. should have
C. might have
D. must have。