高二英语下(Unit4.Paintingtheworld基础知识梳理)

教师指导讲义
指导科目：英语年级：高二课时数： 3 课题Unit 4. Painting the world 基础知识梳理
教课目的
1. 使学生能够基本掌握 unit1 中的基础词汇及其拓展用法；
2. 帮助学生梳理课文中的一些重点句型，并且会做一些基础的单项选择题。

教课内容
Step1: Greetings & Free talk
Is there something interesting or important this week?
Step2: Homework checking & Revision
Step3: 知识梳理
Reading
I. Key Words 重点单词
1. painter n.画家
e. g. His father is a famous painter. 他的父亲是一位有名的画家。

Though he was an unknown painter, everyone attending the exhibition liked his artwork.
只管当时他仍是一个鲜为人知的画家，但是每个观光展览的人都喜爱他的作品。

【知识拓展】paint v.绘画
e. g. I wish I could paint as well as you. 我希望能画得和你同样好。

painting n.绘画，绘画艺术
e. g. He is good at painting and his paintings are world famous. 他很善于绘画，他的画世界有名。

2. deserve v.值得；应当遇到
e. g. The soldier deserved honour because of his sacrifice for his country. 这位战士值得敬爱，因为他为祖国献出了全部。

【常用搭配】deserve to do值得做某事；deserve sth应当获取某物 ;deserve to be done=deserve doing应当被
e. g. You deserve a rest/to have a rest你.应当能够歇息一下了。

He deserves to be punished/punishing. 他应当遇到处罚。

3. work n.作品
e. g. Bajin's work is admired by many people. 很多人都喜爱巴金的作品。

The works of Shakespeare includes many plays and poems. 莎士比亚的著作包含了很多剧本和诗歌。

4. fame n.名望
e. g. His fame spread far and wide as a result of his bravery. 他的勇敢行为令他声名远扬。

用法：与 reputation 相像，但往常表示好名望。

e. g. She hoped忉 find fame as a poet.她希望以写诗成名。

【知识拓展】【常用搭配】famous adj.有名的
be famous for/as以......有名
e. g. He is famous for singing pop songs./He is famous as a pop singer.
他以唱流行歌曲有名。

/作为一个流行歌曲歌手他很有名。

5. dealer n.交易商；贸易商
e. g. He is a dealer in second-hand furniture. 他是二手家具经销商。

【知识拓展】deal with sth.v.与¨¨¨交易
e. g. I've dealt with this store for many years. 我和这个店经商好多年了。

deal n.协议，交易
【常用搭配】 a deal with sb. 与某人的交易
e. g. The company has made a deal with a Japanese firm, which is so -called win -win.
这个企业和一个日本企业做了笔交易，它是那种被称作共赢的交易。

6.superiorn.级别（或地位、职位）更高的人；上级
e. g. Though Sally is a new worker at the company, she gets along well with her superiors.
只管莎莉是新到企业的，但她与上级相处得很好。

adj.地位高的，质量优异的
e. g. I'll report you to your superior officer.我要向你的上级告你。

【常用搭配】be superior to比地位高的，质量优的
e. g. He is superior to his wife though they work in the same company.
固然他和他老婆在同一个企业工作，但是他职位高。

【知识拓展】inferior n.级别（或地位，职位）更低的人，下级
adj.地位低的，质量差的
【常用搭配】be inferior to...比地位低的，质量差的
e. g. His wife is inferior to him though they work in the same company.
固然他和他老婆在同一个企业工作，但是他老婆职位低。

7. financial adj财政的；财务的；经济的
e. g. Shanghai has become an important financial centre in China. 上海已经成为中国重要的金融中心。

【知识拓展】finance n.财政，财务；供给的经费v.供给资本，经费
e. g. Unless we get more finance, we'll have to close the hotel. 假如我们得不到更多的资余，我们就得把酒店封闭了。

The repairs to the school will be financed by the local government.校舍的维修经费将由当地政府供给。

8. upset adj.悲伤的；丧气的；：（肠胃）不舒畅的
e. g. He was upset to see his bad scores in the final exams.他看到期末考试糟糕的成绩感觉很丧气。

I felt terribly upset when my proposal was turned down by the committee.
当我的建议被委员会拒绝后，我感觉特别丧气。

He has a upset stomach.他胃不舒畅。

【知识拓展】
(l)n. 颠覆，搅乱；（多指肠胃）不舒畅
e. g. The storm caused a complete upset of our plans.这场暴雨把我们的计划弄得乌七八糟。

a stomach upset肠胃不舒畅
(2)v.弄翻，打乱 ; 使烦忧；使（肠胃）不舒畅
e. g. upset the balance of nature损坏自然界的均衡
9.mental adj.( 往常作定语 )精神的，智力的，脑力做的
e. g. This experience caused him much metal suffering. 这一经历给他的精神造成极大悲伤。

Parents and teachers should pay more attention to children's mental health. 家长和教师应当更着重孩子们的心理健康。

【知识拓展】mentality n.脑力，智力；心理状态
e. g. I don’ t think he is of week mentality, so I can't understand the mentality of his doing such a terrible thing like that.我
认为他不笨，所以我不可以理解他居然做出那样可怕的事情是怎么样的心理状态。

10.possessv.拥有
e. g. The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works. 这个美术馆藏有这个艺术家大批的初期作品。

The actor possessed a charming personality and a warm smile. 这位演员性格很好，老是面带浅笑。

I'm afraid he doesn't possess a sense of humour.唯恐他没有什么风趣感。

【知识拓展】possession n.拥有；财富，据有物
【常用搭配】sb. be in/take possession of sth.某人占据 /拥有某物sth. be in the possession of sb.某物被某人据有
e. g. She was found in possession of dangerous drugs.发现她拥有危险药品。

11. admire v.敬佩
【常用搭配】admire sb. for sth. /doing sth. 因为某事敬佩某人
e. g. Though I do not like her very much, one has to admire her persistence.
只管我其实不很喜爱她，但她那百折不挠的精神令人敬重。

e. g. We all admired him for his saving the children from the fire.他把孩子从烈火中救出来，我们都很敬佩他。

He stood there and admired the painting. 他站在那边赏识这幅画。

【知识拓展】admiration n.赞叹，敬佩，敬羡
【常用搭配】admiration for sth. 对的赞叹／敬佩
e. g. I was filled with admiration for his courage.我对他的勇气很敬佩。

12. tremendously adv.特别地
e. g. The movie is tremendously exciting. 这个电影特别刺激。

The visit to the history museum was tremendously educational. 观光历史博物馆极富教育意义。

【知识拓展】tremendous adj.极大的，极好的
at a tremendous speed 以惊人的速度 a tremendous explosion/party 巨大的爆炸/ 极好的聚会
13. realistic adj. 写实的；传神的
e. g. He has a realistic drawing of a horse. 他有一幅绘声绘色的对于马的画。

We try to make these training courses as realistic as possible. 我们全力使这些培训课程尽可能的模拟真切成效。

The painting was so realistic that at first glance everyone thought it was a photograph.
那幅画太传神了，每一个人第一眼看见都认为是一张照片。

(2) showing realism 面对现实的，脚踏实地的
e. g. We have to be realistic and give up the plan to buy a car. 我们一定面对现实放弃买车的计划。

14. abstract adj.抽象的；（艺术）抽象派的
e. g. abstract knowledge/argument/principle抽象的知识/争辩/原理
【知识拓展】【常用搭配】abstract v.提取，摘录重点abstract sth. from从中摘录
e. g. Please just abstract the most important points from the long report. 请从这份长篇报导中摘取最重要的内容。

abstract n.纲要；（艺术）抽象派的画，抽象艺术品
e. g. Don't forget to write an abstract of your thesis. 不要忘掉给你的论文写一个纲要。

15. stroke n. 一笔；笔划
e. g. The old painter put the finishing strokes to the painting before he died.
这位老画家临死前在这幅画中画上了最后几笔。

16. visible adj.看得见的；显然的
e. g. These tiny creatures are only visible under a microscope. 这些细小的生物只有在显微镜下才能看得见。

【知识拓展】vision n.视力；目光；幻影
e. g. He is a man of vision. 他是一个有远见有目光的人。

She has a clear vision of future she wants. 她对自己所追求的前程有明确的向往。

17. undoubtedly adv.无疑地
e. g. This answer is undoubtedly correct. 这个答案无疑是正确的。

Shanghai is undoubtedly one of the most modern cities in China. 上海无疑是中国最现代化的城市之一。

【知识拓展】doubt v.思疑
在必定句中，doubt后的宾语从句常用if或 whether ，有时用 that。

e. g. I doubt whether/if it's true. 我思疑这是不是真的。

而在否认句中，doubt的宾语从句必定要用that指引。

e. g. I don't doubt that he's telling the truth. 我不思疑他说的是真话。

doubt n.思疑
【常用搭配】no doubt/without doubt 毫无疑问
There is some/little/no doubt that... 有疑问／毫无疑问......
和动词的用法同样，doubt在必定句中，后边的同位语从句
用
whether/if ，否认句中则用that。

e. g. There is some doubt whether he is guilty. 他能否有罪还有点疑问。

There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问他是有罪的。

18. view v.观看
e. g. Beijing is a good place to start from if you want to view the Great Wall.
假如你想看长城的话，北京是个开始的好地方。

【知识拓展】view n.视力，视线；观看；瞭望；风景
【常用搭配】in/out of view 在视线以内／以外
e. g. There's a fine view of the lake from our hotel window.从我们旅店的窗口能够看到湖的漂亮风光。

19.masterpiecen.杰作；代表作
e. g. His work is a masterpiece of Impressionism. 他的作品是印象派的代表作。

Defoe's masterpiece Robinson Crusoe is popular with people of all ages.
笛福的杰作《罗宾逊漂流记》男女老小都喜爱。

20.decaden.十年
e. g. Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.过去十年来物价向来在上升。

In the past decade, computer technology has seen explosive growth.
在过去的 10年间，计算机技术经历了爆炸式的发展。

【知识拓展】century=100 years; millennium=1000 years
Ⅱ. Key Expressions 重点词组
1. the Netherlands荷兰
国家名往常不加冠词，但假如是复合词，如the USA ， the UK 则要加冠词 the。

荷兰这个国家名前必定要加the，即 the Netherlands; 还有一个国家名前要加the，即 the Philippines 菲律宾。

并且这两个国家名都是复数形式，因为theNetherlands 表示很多低地的国家，the Philippines 表示很多岛的国家。

2. believe in相信；相信
e. g. Do you believe in the existence of the ghost?你相信有鬼吗？
Though he suffered many failures, his parents always believed in his ability, and he was successful in the end.
只管他饱受挫折，他的父亲母亲却一直相信他的能力，最后他特别成功。

【指点迷津】believe和 believe in
believe sb.／sth意思是相信某人或某事，一般是就事论事。

而
e. g. I believe what he said today but I seldom believe in him.
3.take one's own life自杀
believe in sb.是相信的意思，是对某人一向的态度。

我相信他今日说的话但是我不太相信他。

e. g. Nobody knows the reason why Van Gogh took his own life. 没有人知道梵高为何要自杀。

Counselling and therapy can be helpful in preventing a person from taking his or her own life.
心理咨询与治疗有助于预防人们自杀。

4. cut off
(l)割下
e. g. The gardener cut some dead branches off the tree．园丁从树干上剪去一些枯枝。

(2)中止
e. g. I was cut off on my line to London. 我打伦敦长途时，电话线被切断了。

Ⅱ. Key Sentences重难点句子
1.Certainly, he was not a success in his lifetime.
success n.成功的事物；获得成功的人
e. g. The Christmas party turned out to be a great success.圣诞晚会最后特别成功。

Einstein is a success in the field of physics. 爱因斯坦在物理领域成就优异。

【知识拓展】拥有近似用法的词：failure n.失败；失败的人（或事物）
e. g. His attempt to produce more works is a failure. 他试试创作更多的作品，结果失败了。

He was failure as a teacher.他当过老师，却不称职。

2. Few people may have even heard of him.
此句中 may/might have done 是表示对过去状况的猜想，意思是“有可能做过某事”。

e. g. He might have finished the work, since he is playing football now.他可能已经达成工作了，因为他此刻在踢球。

【知识拓展】如要表示“必定做过某事”，则用 must have done。

e. g. He must have disliked it ， because he left.他必定不喜爱（那份工作），因为他走开了。

表示“不行能做过某事”，用couldn't/can't have done。

e. g. He couldn't have been to London; I saw him yesterday. 他不行能已去了伦敦；昨天我看见她了。

3.One hundred years later, in 1990, a Japanese businessman paid us $82 million for one of his works — a world record.
pay for 意为‘‘花（钱）买下”。

含义邻近的构造：
sb buy sth for某人花（钱）买下某物
sth cost sb某物花销某人（钱）“
sb spend ...on sth某人花（钱）买下某物
e. g. She paid 30 dollars for the pair of shoes. 她花了 30美元买下这双鞋。

= She bought the pair of shoes for 30 dollars. ＝ The pair of shoes cost her 30 dollars. = She spent 30 dollars on the pair of shoes.
【知识拓展】反义词组：sb sell sth for某人以的价钱卖出某物
e. g. She sold the second-hand mobile for 300 yuan. 她以 300元的价钱售出这款二手手机。

The store owner agreed to sell the discs for 20 pounds each. 店东赞同以每张20英镑的价钱售出这些唱片。

4. ...he worked as a missionary among the poor in Belgium, but he quarrelled with his superiors and abandoned that career
as well.
quarrel with= argue with 和某人争执
e. g. She quarreled with her brother over their father's will.她为了父亲遗言的事情和弟弟争执。

【知识拓展】quarrel n.争执，牢骚
【常用搭配】have a quarrel(with sb. /between A and B) (about/over sth.) 为某事和某人争执
e. g. He did not mention the quarrel with his wife about money.他没提到和他老婆对于钱方面的争执。

5. For the rest of his life, he depended on the financial support of his brother Theo, the only person who believed in his ability.
(1)depend on依靠，依靠
e. g. If you should get lost in a forest, you could only depend on yoursel
f.假如你在丛林中迷了路，那你只好靠自己了。

You can depend on the informative publications for more news. 你能够依靠信息量很大的刊物来获取更多的信息。

(2)the only person who believed in Van Gogh's ability是一个带有定语从句的名词词组，在句中作his brother Theo的同位
语 , 对Theo 进行增补说明。

e.g. Nowadays, many foreigners go to China, a country which lies thousands of kilometers away from their own, just to
learn the Chinese language.此刻，好多外国人来中国学习中文，这是一个离他们自己国家数千公里以外的国家。

6.It would be easy to say that he was mad.
it 在句中是形式主语，不定式构造to say that he was mad才是真切的主语。

e.g. It's impossible to know what she was thinking then. 要知道她当时在想什么是不行能的。

It's too risky to abandon school and pursue an entertainment career. 放弃学业去从事娱乐业，这太冒险了。

It seems ridiculous to follow the trend blindly.盲目跟风仿佛很可笑。

7. We know this because he wrote hundreds of letters to Theo expressing his ideas and his work,and these letters show the
clarity of his thinking.
expressing his ideas and his work 是此刻分词短语作陪伴状语。

e. g. They came into the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们谈笑着走进教室。

The headmaster held a meeting among the teaching staff, emphasizing the importance of security education.
校长给教工们开了一次会，重申了安全教育的重要性。

8. It would be easy to say that he was mad.
mad adj.疯狂的，入迷的
【常用搭配】go mad发狂了be/get mad at/with sb. for sth. 为某事对某人生气
drive sb. mad 使某人生气be mad about/for sth 为某事入迷
e. g. She went mad after his son's death.她儿子死后她就发狂了。

=His always being late drove her mad. 他老是迟到，她很生气。

【知识拓展】 madness n.疯狂
e. g. It would be madness to visit the West Lake in such a stormy weather. 在这类暴雨天去逛西湖几乎是发狂。

9.He had difficulty getting along with people, often arguing with them.
argue v.争辩；争辩，论证
【常用搭配】argue(with/against sb.)(about sth.) 与某人争辩某事
argue about/against/over sth. /that对某事进行争辩/争辩说
e. g. They are always arguing about money with me. 他们老是和我争辩钱的事情。

She is always ready to argue about politics. 她随时准备与人争辩政治问题。

She argues that it is a waste of money to go abroad.她争辩说出国是浪花钱。

10. After one quarrel, in late 1888,he was so upset that he cut off part of his own ear and gave it to a young girl.
此句是由 so that 指引的结果状语从句。

【知识拓展】指引结果状语从句的附属连词有：so that, so ...that ，such ...that 。

在非正式语体中，由so that ，such ...that指引的句子中that能够省略，注意其构造形式：
so+形容词／副词 +that从句
so+形容词 +a/an+可数名词单数形式十that从句
so +many/much/few/little （少） +名词 +that从句
such +a/an+形容词 +可数名词单数形式十that从句
such+形容词 +可数名词复数形式／不行数名词+that从句
such +a lot of/lots of+ 名词 +that 从句
e. g. Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him =Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
He earned so little money 恤 at he couldn't support his family.
当 so或 such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。

e. g. So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
More reading
I. Key Words 重点单词
1. origin n.发源
e. g. The origin of this custom was unknown. 这个民俗发源不详。

What was the origin of the quarrel? 这场争执的因由是什么？
【知识拓展】
(1) original adj.最先的，本来的；原创的
e. g. The original price of the car was a bit too high. 这辆汽车的原价太高了一点。

She's a highly original young designer. 她是一个特别有创意的年青设计师。

(2)originally adv.开初，原来
e. g. It was originally a toy factory. 那本来是一家玩具工厂。

2.amateur adj. 业余的
e. g. The pictures were taken by an amateur photographer. 这些照片是一位业余拍照师拍的。

These oil paintings are the works of an amateur painter. 这些油画是一位业余画家的作品。

【知识拓展】amateur n. 业余从事者，喜好者；外行
e. g. Our actors were all enthusiastic amateurs. 我们的演员都是热忱的业余喜好者。

【常用搭配】amateur at sth是某方面的外行amateur of sth.喜好¨¨¨
e. g. He is an amateur at sports.他在体育方面是外行。

3. investigate v.研究；检查
e. g. The researchers were investigating the causes of global warming. 这些研究人员在检查全世界变暖的原由。

The detective was sent to investigate the crime. 那位侦探被派去检查该罪状。

【知识拓展】investigation n.检查，研究
【常用搭配】investigation of/on/into sth...... 的检查
e. g. The investigation into the accident was carried out by two policemen.两名警察对这一事故睁开检查。

4. peek n.一瞥
【常用搭配】take a peek at sth.瞥了一眼
e. g. I took a peek at the list. 我很快看了一眼名单。

【知识拓展】peek v.偷看，窥视
【常用搭配】peek through/in/over sth透过......看/朝......里面看/超出......看
e. g. They caught him peeking in through the keyhole. 他们发现他从钥匙孔里向里窥视。

【指点迷津】glance, gaze, glare, stare
(l)glance v.& n. 大略看一下，阅读
/某人【常用搭配】v. glance at sth. /sb.大略看某物 /某人n. have a glance at sth. /sb.大略看某物
e. g. Have you got time for a glance/'to have a glance at this newspaper? 你有没有时间阅读一下这份报纸？
(2) gaze v.& n. 凝望
【常用搭配】v. gaze at sb. /sth凝望某人／某物
e. g. She turned to gaze admiringly at her father. 她转过身来赏识地凝望她的父亲。

(3) glare v.& n. 怒目而视
【常用搭配】v. glare at sb. /sth.怒目而视某人/某物
e. g. They stopped arguing and glared at each other.他们停止了争辩，互相怒目着对方。

，
(4)stare v. &n. 盯着看
【常用搭配】v. stare at sb. /sth.盯着某人 /某物看
e. g. We stared at him in amazement.我们诧异地凝视着他。

5. maintain v.
(l)坚持
【常用搭配】maintain that...坚持认为
e. g. The man continued to maintain that he was poor, even though he lived in a big/mansion.
只管住在一座大房屋里，那人却坚持说自己很穷。

He maintains that he once saw a UFO. 他坚持称自己曾看见过飞碟。

(2) v.保持；保持；使持续；
e. g. Ann and Mary maintained their friendship for the next thirty years.
安妮和玛丽在今后的三十年中向来保持着她们之间的友谊。

(3)v.维修，养护
e. g. Brian maintains his car very well. 布赖恩把自己的车子养护得很好。

(4) v. support 抚育
e. g. He has a daughter to maintain.他有个女儿要养。

【知识拓展】maintenance n.保持，保持；维修，养护；坚持；抚育
e. g. The maintenance of law and order is of vital importance. 法律与次序的保持是至关重要的。

Who is responsible for the building's maintenance?谁负责这座大楼的养护事宜？
She worked hard to earn money for the maintenance of her family. 她用心干活为了挣钱养家生活。

6. claim v.断言；申明
【常用搭配】make/have a claim to do/that宣称要做
e. g. The government's claim that it would reduce taxes proved false. 政府宣称要减税结果被证明为假信息。

【知识拓展】claim v.宣称
【常用搭配】claim to do/that宣称
e. g. She claims to be a good pianist. 她宣称是位优异的钢琴家。

She claimed to have written that story, but no one believed her. 她宣称那个故事是她写的，可没有人相信她。

7. ridicule n.嘲讽；耻笑
e. g. He has become an object of ridicule. 他成了大家嘲讽的对象。

8. community n.集体；社团；界
e. g. We visited the Chinese community in San Francisco. 我们接见了旧金山的华人社区。

The new Arts Centre was greeted with joy by everyone in the city's artistic community.
新的艺术中心遇到该市艺术界的一片喝彩。

9. lifelike adj. 传神的；绘声绘色的
e. g. It's a lifelike portrait of Queen Elizabeth这是幅特别传神的Ⅱ伊.丽莎白二世的画像。

She gazed at the lifelike portrait of her father, tears running down her cheeks.
她凝望着父亲绘声绘色的画像，泣不成声。

10. genuine adj.
(l)真的；货真价实的
e. g. A genuine friend will never desert you in times of need. 真切的朋友绝不会在你需要时弃你而去。

(2)真挚的，不做作的
e. g. He thanked her with genuine affection. 他真挚谢她。

11. religious adj.宗教的；忠诚的
e. g. We should respect the religious beliefs of all peoples. 我们应当尊敬各民族的宗教崇奉。

Our parents were very religious and very patriotic. 我们的父亲母亲特别忠诚，特别爱国。

【知识拓展】religion n.宗教
e. g. Christian religion基督教
He is a man without religion. 他是个没有宗教崇奉的人。

12. inspiration n.激励；启迪
e. g. The young couple faced lots of difficulty, but found inspiration in the example of their parents, who had patiently
endured much during their long lives. 这对年青夫妻碰到好多困难，但是他们从父亲母亲的身上获取了激励，因为
他们的父亲母亲在漫长的人生中沉静地蒙受了很多困难。

【知识拓展】inspire v.激励；启迪
【常用搭配】inspire sb. (to do)鼓舞某人做某事；给某人启迪
inspire sth. in sb. /inspire sb. with sth激起，唤起（感情，思想等）．
e. g. Her speech inspired us to try again. 她的演讲激励了我们再作试试。

The beautiful scenery inspired the composer. 漂亮的风景使作曲家灵思泉涌。

Our teacher's encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
= Our teacher's encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence. 我们老师的一番鼓舞激起了我的信心。

Ⅱ. Key Expressions 重点词组
1. base on依据；鉴于
e. g. This play is based on a true story.这出戏以真事为基础。

Based on the results of the survey, we now know what kinds of food we should serve in the canteen.
依据检查结果，我们此刻知道了餐厅应当供给的食品品种。

2.date from始于（某一历史期间）
e. g. According to Professor Wang's research, this custom dates from the Tang Dynasty.
依据王教授的研究，这项民俗开端于唐朝。

When did this mistake date from? 这个错误要追忆至何时？
Ⅱ. Key Sentences重难点句子
1. Some of the oldest artwork yet discovered was found in 1879 in Altamira, Spain.
yet discovered是过去分词构造在句中充任后置定语，修饰名词 artwork 。

其作用相当于一个定语从句，即“ that/which has been discovered"。

e. g. The building built last year cost the government 2 billion yuan.昨年建筑的建筑物花销了政府两亿元。

Tell me the details concerned with the case. 告诉我与这起案件相关的细节。

2.As the father dug in the cave floor looking for ancient artefacts, his daughter Maria explored another room in the cave.
looking for ancient artefacts 是此刻分词构造，作陪伴状语。

e. g. I had a long talk with Mary, discussing our holiday plan. 我和玛丽谈了很长时间，议论我们的出游计划。

3.On the low ceiling of the cave he found colourful paintings of a kind of bison that Satuola knew to be extinct, along
with images of horses, deer and wild boar.
(l)on the low ceiling of the cave 是表示地址的介词词组，固然它被放在了句首，但是因为主语是代词he,所以整个句子没有使用完整倒装。

e. g. On the slope of the hill he stood, waving to us. 他站在小山坡上，朝我们招手。

比较： On the slope of the hill stood Bruce, waving to us. 布鲁斯站在小山坡上，朝我们招手。

(2)that Satuola knew to be extinct 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词bison。

【知识拓展】限制性定语从句中，一定用关系代词that的状况：
(1) 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one
时。

e. g. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
You should hand in all that you have.
(2) 当先行词前方被the only, the very( 恰好，正好 )， any, few, little, no, all 等词修饰时。

e. g. This is the very person that I'm waiting for.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
(3)当先行词是形容词最高等或先行词的前方有形容词最高等修饰时。

e. g. This is the best that has been used against pollution.
This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前方有序数词修饰时。

e. g. This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.
What is the first American film that you have seen?
(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。

e. g. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
4.Even though other discoveries of cave paintings soon followed, it was not until 1902 that any of these finds were accepted as
genuine.
(1)此句是由 even though指引的退步状语从句。

even though= even if （即便）能够与yet, still 或nevertheless连用，但不可以和but连用。

e. g. Even though( =even if)you don't like wine, try a glass of this.即便你不喜爱饮酒，也喝一杯。

(2) it was that是强调句句式，重申了时间状语not until 1902 。

e. g. It was not until l watched the film that I began to realize the cruelty of wars.
直到我看了这部电影后，我才意识到战争的残忍。

【知识拓展】
It is/was+ 被重申部分 +that/who+ 节余部分。

e. g. It was his father that/who gave him financial support.正是他父亲给了他经济支持。

It was in the garden that we planted an apple tree. 就是在这个花园里我们种了一棵苹果树。

【友谊提示】重申句在表示“直到才”的时候要注意not的地点被前提到了被重申部分，所以节余部分不可以再出现否认词了。

e. g. He didn't finish his homework until last night.
=It was not until last night that he finished his homework. 直到昨天夜里他才达成功课。

5.， but the reason why they were created is yet a mystery.
why they were created 是由关系副词why 指引的定语从句，修饰先行词reason。

e. g. The reason why the new mobile phone is so popular with the young people is that it is very small and
thin 这款手机这样遇到年青人的喜爱是因为它又小又薄。

Step4: Consolidation exercise.
I. Vocabulary and Grammar
( )1. Tony broke my favourite vase, and he _______ to be punished.
A. needed
B. deserved
C. considered
D. preferred
( )2. Although he is not good at English, he is _______ to his brother in mathematics.
A. better
B. dominant
C. superior
D. inferior
( )3. His teachers told him to study hard, or he'd _______ fail his exam.
A. unfortunately
B. unequally
C. unusually
D. undoubtedly
( )4. Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be _______ of your parents' help.
A. independent
B. available
C. free
D. demanding
( )5. He ________ a branch and used it as a walking stick.
A. cut in
B. cut out
C. cut off
D. cut up
( )6. He who _________ everything doesn't _______ himself.
A. believes; believe in
B. believes; believe
C. trusts; believe in
D. believes; trust
( )7. Bill Gates remarks that computer technology is still promising and he thinks it ______ getting interesting, but he admits that computering is now at a crossroads.
A. now is only
B. is now only
C. only now is
D. is only now
( )8. He committed suicide by hanging himself, finally _______ all the torments behind.
A. to leave
B. left
C. being left
D. leaving
( )9. I always have to remind my foreign students that they are writing not drawing the Chinese characters, so not a single should be missed out.
A. line
B. dot
C. stroke
D. word
( )10. — I haven't heard_______ him for a long time. — He busy now.
A. of; must be
B. from; must be
C. of; can be
D. from; can be
( )11. My English -Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _______ have taken it?
A. should
B. must
C. could
D. would
( )12. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ?
A. didn't they
B. don't they
C. mustn't they
D. haven't they
( )13. It ______ last night for the ground is still wet.
(
A. should rain
B. should have rained
C. must rain
D. must have rained )14. Nobody saw her in the office today. She_____ the lecture.
A. mustn't have attended
B. couldn't attend
C. couldn't have attended
D. hasn't had attended
( )15. — Why didn't you answer the phone last night?
—I_______ when you called.
A. must have been sleeping
B. could be sleeping
C. had to have slept
D. must be sleeping
Ⅱ. Cloze
Impressionism in painting developed in the 16 nineteenth century in France. It began with a loosely structured group of painters who got together mainly to exhibit their 17 Their art was characterized by the attempt to depict( 描绘 ) light and movement by using pure broken 18 .
The movement began with four friends who met in a cafe: Monet, Renoir, Sisley, and Bazille. They were 19 against the academic standards of their time and the romantic emphasis 20 emotion as a subject matter. They rejected the role of imagination in art. 21 , they observed nature closely, painting with a scientific interest in visual phenomena.
Their subject matter was as diverse( 不一样
的 ) as their 22 . Monet and Sisley painted landscapes with changing
23 of light, and Renoir painted idealized women and children.
The works of impressionism were received with hostility 24 the 1920s. By the 1930s impressionism had a large cult( 民俗 ) following, and by the 1950s even the least important works by people associated with the movement commanded
25 price.
( ) 16. A. late B. latter C. lately D. latest
( ) 17. A. writings B. compositions C. novels D. paintings
( ) 18. A. pen B. colour C. tree D. wool
( ) 19. A. leaning B. reacting C. running D. drawing
( )20. A. for B. at C. on D. to
( )21. A. But B. Unless C. Therefore D. Instead
( )22. A. standards B. examples C. resources D. personalities
( ) 23. A. attitude B. effects C. taste D. material
( )24. A. until B. from C. since D. at
( )25. A. lowest B. reasonable C. enormous D. estimated
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
(A)
Plains Art Museum opened Window on the West: Views from the American Frontier from The Phelan Collection on Thursday, January 31, 2008, in the William and Anna Jane Schlossman and Jane L. Stern galleries. Window on the West portrays the West as a newly - minted place rather than the West of the movies or the stuff of legend. These 60 paintings from the Arthur J. Phelan Collection had been selected to give a historically accurate cross -section of what really happened in the expansion of the West. They describe the people who moved west from the Mississippi. They examine how the West was gradually transformed over the decades as the continent filled and the frontier receded and then disappeared.
Included were works by the greats : Frederic Remington, Carl Wimar, Alfred Jacob Miller, Karl Bodmer and John Frederick Kensett, as well as Lone Wolf who had been perhaps the first academically trained Native American artist. However, this exhibition was unique in that it emphasized the views of lesser -known men and women artists, personally recording what they had observed in the newly -founded country.
Phelan had become interested in the West in his graduate study. His collection was our Window on the West in a balanced, historical view from the artists themselves. This exhibition was organized by The Trust for Museum Exhibitions, Washington, D.
C.。