2017届高考英语二轮专题复习导学案:代词

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2017高考英语二轮复习:代词导学案
【考纲解读】
代词是高中英语的难点,又是高考的重点和热点.英语中的代词种类繁多,有人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词等。

主要考点:
1.代词的分类;
2。

人称代词的格,物主代词的用法;
3。

指示代词、不定代词和相互代词的用法.
今后高考对代词的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进:加强语境的真实性和复杂性,注意人称代词和物主代词的语境判别;加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。

【预习导学】
一、人称代词
①She was beautiful and could run faster than others.
她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。

②Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy。

让我迎接挑战,我会欣然接受。

二、物主代词
他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。

三、反身代词
那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己.
名师指津
含有反身代词的习惯用语:
by oneself 独自地for oneself 亲自
come to oneself 苏醒;恢复知觉dress oneself 自己穿衣behave oneself 举止规矩有礼devote oneself to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself 玩得开心seat oneself 就座,入座make yourself at home 别客气teach oneself 自学
adapt/ adjust oneself to 适应于
四、指示代词
①The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(2015·天津高考单选)
这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好.
②Studying Wendy’s menu,I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.(2012·浙江高考单选)
研究了温迪的菜单,我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。

③Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed。

我的朋友们就是这样:永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。

④—Is James coming tonight?
—I think so,but I’m not sure。

——詹姆斯今晚会来吗?
—-我想会的,但我不能肯定。

五、不定代词
(一)不定代词的基本用法
and ________ of them is very important to me。

因为这两本字典有用,我把两本字典都带上,每一本对我而言都很重要.
②—Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday?
-I’m sorry. ___________ will suit me. I’ll be away on business during that period.
—-星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗?
——对不起.那两天都不行。

我那段时间将正在出差。

③You are a team star!Working with ___________ is really your cup of tea。

你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。

④ ____________ side is prepared to talk to ______________ unless we can smooth things over between them。

除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾,否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。

(二)复合不定代词的用法
他说的话不无道理,我们应该试一试。

②This project requires close teamwork. ______________ will be achieved unless we work well together.(2013·安徽高考单选)这个项目需要密切的团队合作,除非我们通力合作,否则将一事无成。

(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法
①_____________ of us can speak four foreign languages。

我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。

②I have ___________ friends,but my younger sister has very ___________。

我有一些朋友,但我妹妹几乎没有朋友.
③She can speak ___________ French,but she knows ___________ English.
她能讲点法语,但她几乎不懂英语。

六、it的用法
1.it用作人称代词,用来指代_________________________。

The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in。

史密斯一家买了一套新房子,但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做.
2.it指______________________________等。

It's 112 miles from London to Birmingham.
从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里.
3.it 用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由_______________________________充当。

①It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others。

独居而不和他人来往没有好处。

(it作形式主语,动名词短语living alone without ...为真正的主语)
②No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a wa lk before breakfast。

不管在哪里,他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。

(it作形式宾语,动词不定式to go for 。

.为真正的宾语)
③He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held。

他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。

(it作形式宾语,从句when and where 。

.. 为真正的宾语)
[知识积累]
常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式:
It is a pity/shame that ..。

真可惜/丢人……
It is no wonder that .。

难怪……
It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看起来……
It looks/seems as if/though ... 看起来好像……
It happens that 。

.。

碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that 。

.。

某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that .。

据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议……
It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/好处/
浪费时间
It takes sb。

some time to do sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间
主语+表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy,prefer, love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate, rely/count on等)+it+that/if/when ..。

①I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration。

如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。

②It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. As is known to us all, he is so stubborn。

试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间.众所周知,他是如此固执。

【考点突破】
考点1 考查人称代词,物主代词和反身代词
考题精练
1。

(2016全国Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three—month—old twin that had been rejected by (it)mother.
2。

(2016全国Ⅱ改错)If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books。

注意:
①形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,如:her
father“她的父亲”。

②“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of mine“我的一个朋友”.
She asked me what was the matter with me.她问我我怎么了。

He didn’t use his ink。

He used mine。

他没有用他自己的墨水,他用了我的(墨水)。

He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。

考点2 考查it的用法
考题精练
1。

(2015浙江)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
2。

(2014大纲)—Who’s that at the door?
—is the milkman.
注意:
1。

it作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词或从句。

It’s no use arguing with him.与他争辩是没有用的。

2。

注意下列句型中的it。

(1)It is+时间段+since。

..自从……以来多久了
(2)It was+时间段+before+过去时多久以后才……
(3)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时多久之后才能……
(4)It won’t be long before.。

.不久就……
(5)It is/was+被强调部分+that...
(6)It is (high)time that sb should do/did。

.. 到了……的时候了(7)It be (just) like sb to do.。

像某人做某事的风格
(8)It be+the+序数词+time+that...这是某人第几次做……
(9)I dislike it when。

.我讨厌……
(10)I would appreciate it if...如果……我感激不尽
(2014陕西)I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come。

如果你能提前让我知道你是否会来我将感激不尽。

考点3 考查none,nothing,no one的区别
考题精练
1.(2015四川)Niki is always full of ideas, but is useful to my knowledge.
2.(2012江西)My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.
注意:
1。

none可与由of连接的人或物组成短语,而nothing,no one不可。

None of us went to the concert last night。

昨天晚上我们中没有一个人去听音乐会。

2.none可以用来回答How many。

..或How much。

..的问题,而no one (nobody)和nothing则分别用来回答Who。

.和What...的问题。

—How many students in your class went to the lecture?你们班有多少学生去听报告了?
—None.一个也没有。

—Who did you see enter the lonely house?你看见谁进了那幢偏僻的房子吗?
—Nobody.一个人都没进。

3。

none可以指代前面提到的人或物;no one (nobody)和nothing 没有这种用法。

He has a brother,but I have none.他有一个兄弟,而我一个也没有.
考点4 考查none,neither,all,both,either,any的区别
考题精练
1.(2015福建)The research group produced two reports based on the
survey,but contained any useful suggestions.
2.(2014江西)—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?
- 。

I’ll be in all day。

注意:
1。

none表示“三者或三者以上都不”;neither表示“两者都不”。

2。

all表示“三者或三者以上都……”;both表示“两者都……”.
3.any表示“三者或三者以上中任何一个”;either表示“两者中任何一个".
Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost none of her enthusiasm for life。

尽管Rosemary多年来遭受严重疾病的折磨,但是她从没有失去对生活的热情。

Neither of the two boys is/are clever. 两个男孩都不聪明.
None of the boys is/are clever。

没有一个男孩是聪明的。

He has two boys。

Both of them are clever。

他有两个儿子。

他们都聪明。

All of the students are there.
所有的学生都在那儿。

考点5 考查another,(the)other,(the)others的区别
考题精练
1。

(2015陕西)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the .
2(2014福建)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in ,knives and forks。

注意:
1.other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词。

I'll come again some other day.我改日再来。

2。

another用于泛指三者或三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个",所修饰名词前不加冠词。

I don’t want this one.Please give me another.我不想要这一个,请给我另一个。

3。

the other表示两者中的“另一个"或两部分中的“另一部分",是特指. She has two children.One is a boy;the other is a girl。

她有两个孩子,一个是男孩,另一个是女孩。

4。

others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。

Some say yes,and others say no。

有人说对,有人说不对。

5.the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部.
There are fifty students in our class。

Thirty of us are girls;the others are boys.我们班有五十个学生,三十个是女生,其余的是男生。

考点6 考查不定代词
考题精练
1。

(2015重庆)The meeting will be held in September , but knows the date for sure。

2。

(2014大纲) I think Mrs Stark could be between 50 and 60 years of age.
注意:
some, any, every,no常与—one,—body,—thing构成复合不定代词。

这类不定代词有something,anything,nothing,everything,someone=somebody,everyone=everybody,anyone=anybody等。

some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中,any—类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中.当some—类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时,表示希望得到肯定回答。

any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示“任何”之意.由-one和-body构成的复合不定代词通常可以互换使用。

(2014安徽)You can ask anyone for help。

Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand。

你可以向任何人求助。

这儿的每个人都愿意为你提供帮助。

考点7 考查one,that,it,those的区别
考题精练
1.(2015天津)The quality of education in this small school is better
than in some larger schools。

2。

(2013浙江)Half of surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears。

3。

(2012四川)New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
4.(2012辽宁)If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you
get for me?
注意:
1。

it所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物,而one所代替的是同类事物中的“一个”,one=a/an+名词,它可以用来代替可数名词单数,其复数形式是ones.
I can’t find my pen.Do you see it?我找不到我的钢笔了。

你看见它了吗?
I need a bike but I have no money to buy one.我需要一辆自行车,可我没钱买。

2。

that=the+名词,它既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,它所代替的也是同类事物。

His behavior was not that of a gentleman。

他的行为不是正人君子的行为.
3.those替代上文中提到的复数名词,既可指人,也可指物,those 指人时,后须跟定语。

At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine。

在我们厂里,有一些类似于这本杂志里描述的机器.
【方法总结】
方法1 明确指代法
在解答代词类题目时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避免误判。

具体来说应从以下几方面考虑:1)代词指代的是人还是物;2)代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词;3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念;4)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上;5)代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。

(1)The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city.
A.that
B.this C。

it D。

one
解析句意为:西安市中心的房租比这个城市内其他地段的房租都贵。

首先将此句改为:The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than the cost in any other area of the city.,然后考虑用that代替特指的不可数名词the cost。

(2)The fact that she was foreign made ________difficult for her to get a job in that country.
A。

so B。

much
C。

that D.it
解析句意为:她是外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到工作。

句中for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构作made的宾语,difficult是宾语补足语,此处要用it作形式宾语,其他词没有这种用法。

方法2 理清逻辑法
理清逻辑法主要是通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系来做出正确判断.具体来说应从以下方面去考虑:1)代词所表示的范围;2)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。

(1)If our parents do everything for us children,we won’t learn to depend on ________.
A。

themselves B。

them
C。

us D。

ourselves
解析句意为:如果我们的父母为我们这些孩子做了所有的一切,我们就学不会独立。

由句意和句中的we可排除A、B两项;空格处用反身代词作宾语与主语保持一致。

(2)You are a team star!Working with ________ is really your cup of tea。

A.both B。

either
C.others D。

the other
解析句意为:你是一个有团队精神的人,与别人合作对你来说太容易了。

others其他人;both两者都;either(两者之中)任一的;the other两者中的另外一个。

A、B、D三项均不符合句意。

【扩展交流】
to travel in English.speaking countries like your to practise and improve my English.单独使用,不能修饰名词.
①(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)He had a deep voice, which
set himself apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful.
②(2016·洛阳高三一模)First of all,you should respect you or no one would respect you.①_______
_______
②_______
_________
_________
_____
(3)反身代词与
人称代词的错用
①反身代词是
指代主语的,使动作
的发出者把动作反
射到本人身上;
②若所用代词
与主语不一致,就要
用人称代词而不用
反身代词。

①(2015·陕西①_______(4)不定代词
高考)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.
②(2015·四川高考)It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many。

③(2013·浙江高考)Dad lost his job,and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one。

”_____
②_______
______
③_______
_______
的错用
①some(thing)
与any(thing):一般
来说前者用于肯定
句,后者用于疑问句
和否定句;
②many与
much:many代替可
数名词,much代替
不可数名词;
③the other与
another:表示“两者
中的另一个”用the
other,而表示“(三
者以上)另外的一
个”用another。

(2014·四川高考)Hello, boys and
_____
______
(5)代词与其
所指代的对象不符
girls!Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off 。

.. If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.
代词主要是用来代替其他实义词或上下文意义的,因此代词应与其指代的对象相符。

否则就会出现代词指代错误。

【当堂达标】
Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的代词
1.I hate ________ when the weather is foggy。

2.When ________ comes to playing football,Mike came to life.
3.My uncle made ________ to the station before the train pulled out.
4.I feel ________ my duty to look after my sick mother。

5.The students are doing a thorough cleaning. Some are cleaning the windows. ________ are sweeping the floor。

6.You must see to ________ that the machine functions well。

7.You can make it on Saturday or Sunday。

________ is OK to me.
8.There are two shirts on the shelf but ________ fits me well.
9.I want to drink some water but ________ is left in the bottle.
10.________ of his parents are fond of modern art and they often go to see the works on show。

11.I want a pen,________ that writes well.
12.The weather in my hometown is warmer than ________ in this town。

Ⅱ。

语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)
If you know me well,you would know I don't like birthday parties。

At least, I don’t like birthday parties given for __1__。

I enjoy them when they’re for __2__, but when they’re f or me, I just don't like __3__.
I remember one birthday party some friends of __4__ had for me when I was a student at the university。

Of course, I had told __5__ best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do __6__。

He agreed。

I should have known better than to believe __7__.
On the day of my birthday,we got home from school at about, oh, I
don't know,three or half past three。

We went inside and as usual __8__ went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain (浴帘), a kind of strange female voice started singing,“Happy birthday to you。

Happy birthday to you。


And then from all over the room,people joined in。

There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room。

__9__ had got my roommate’s key and got in earlier. They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing.
I guess I really upset __10__ plans by going in just to wash my hands。

参考答案
预习导学
一、人称代词
主格I,we,you,he, she,it,they
宾格me, us, you,him,her, it,them
二、物主代词
形容词性物主代词my, our, your, his,her,its, their
名词性物主代词mine, ours, yours, his,hers, its, theirs
三、反身代词
myself, yourself, himself, herself,itself,ourselves, yourselves, themselves
四、指示代词
this/these that/those such so 五、不定代词
(一)不定代词的基本用法
① Both either
② Neither
③ others
④ Neither the other
(二)复合不定代词的用法
① something
② Nothing
(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法
① Few
② a few few
③ a little little
六、it的用法
1. 事物或上文提到过的内容
2. 时间、距离、天气
3. 从句、动名词、不定式
考点突破
考点1 考查人称代词,物主代词和反身代词
答案:1. its
2. your 改为our
考点2 考查it的用法
答案:1. it
2。

It
考点3 考查none,nothing,no one的区别
1。

【答案与解析】none 句意:Niki总是有很多想法,但是据我所知,没有一个想法有用。

本题强调在Niki的众多想法中没有一个有用,即强调数量.none既可指人,也可指物,还可以强调数量。

2。

【答案与解析】none 句意:我哥哥想买一块好表,可是那家商店里没有。

本题强调在那家商店里没有一块我哥哥想买的那种好手表,即强调数量。

none既可指人,也可指物,还可以强调数量。

考点4 考查none,neither,all,both,either,any的区别
1. 【答案与解析】neither 根据题干中的two reports和but可知,此处表示“两者都不”,所以用neither.
2。

【答案与解析】Either 根据题干可知是在上午和下午这两种情况中做出选择。

either表示两者中选择其一。

考点5 考查another,(the)other,(the)others的区别
1。

【答案与解析】other 表示“两者中的一个……另一个……”用one。

.。

the other..。

结构。

2。

【答案与解析】others some.。

.others.。

.是固定用法,意为“一些……另一些……”,others在此处指代other countries。

考点6 考查不定代词
1. 【答案与解析】nobody 句中的but表转折,所以此处应指“但没人知道确切日期”,填nobody.
2. 【答案与解析】anywhere 本题中含有固定搭配anywhere between...and.。

.,意为“数目在……之间",该固定搭配也可用anywhere from.。

.to。

.表示。

考点7 考查one,that,it,those的区别
1.【答案与解析】that 此处that指代前面的The quality of education.
2.【答案与解析】those 此处those指代people who are surveyed in 16 counties。

3。

【答案与解析】it 此处为“make+it+adj。

+to do"结构。

其中it作形式宾语,替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。

4. 【答案与解析】one paper作“报纸"讲时是可数名词。

结合
情景,说话人要对方给自己捎一份报纸,也就是a paper,替代单数可数名词,用one。

扩展交流
①them→it
②his→their
①ours→our
②your→yours
①himself →him
②第二个you→yourself/yourselves
①anything→something
②many→much
③other→another
us→ you
当堂达标
Ⅰ。

在空白处填入适当的代词
1.it 2。

it 3。

it 4。

it 5.Others 6.it 7.Either 8.neither 9。

none 10.Both 11。

one 12.that 13。

those 14。

anything 15。

Nothing 16.Everything 17.anyone 18。

another 19。

others 20.each Ⅱ.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)
1.me 根据句子内容可知,作者在此指本人。

2.others 根据下文的don't like 可知,作者不喜欢为自己举办的生日聚会,而是喜欢给他人举办的生日聚会。

3.them 根据前面的when they’re for me 可知,我不喜欢为自己举办的生日聚会。

4.mine 根据英语双重所有格的表示法可知,此处用名词性物主代词。

5.my 从后面的friend 可以看出,此处用形容词性物主代词。

6.anything 从前面的I made him promise he wouldn’t do 可推知,我让他答应不做任何事情.
7.him 根据语境可知,作者对自己相信他而感到自责。

8.I 根据语境可知,我像往常一样进入浴室。

9.They 指朋友拿到了我室友的钥匙,提前进入了我的房间。

10.their 我打乱了他们的计划。

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