航运英语及函电

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Unit 1 Terms of Shipment in the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
Section 5 Word Bank
1.ports of call挂靠港/停靠港
2.expiry date有效期
3.presentation of documents交单
4.partial shipments分批装运
5.shipping documents装运单据/运输
单据
6.liner transport班轮运输
7.shipping by chartering租船运输
8.sailing schedule船期表
9.liner freight tariff班轮运价表
10.weight ton重量吨
11.measurement ton尺码吨
12.direct additional直航附加费
13.transshipment additional转船附
加费
14.port additional 港口附加费
15.port congestion surcharge港口拥挤
附加费
16.alteration of destination additional变
更卸货港附加费
17.deviation surcharge绕航附加费
18.optional additional选卸附加费
19.bunker surcharge燃油附加费
20.additional for excess of
liability超额责任附加费
21. dispatch money速遣费
22. shipping space 舱位
Section 6 Useful Expressions
1.装船日期
1) Shipment on or about May 20, 2009.
2) Shipment not later than May 31st, 2009. Or, Latest shipment date: May 31st, 2009.
3) Shipment to be made during May/June, 2009.
4) Shipment within 15 days after receipt of remittance.
5) Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C.
2.包装要求
1) The packing must be strong enough to withstand rough handling.
2) Please see to it that the packing is suitable for a long sea voyage.
3) Taking into consideration the transport conditions at your end, we have especially reinforced our packing so as to minimize the extent of any possible damage to the goods.
4) We are afraid that we shall have to charge more for the designated packing, as it calls for extra labor and cost.
5) The packing should be double bags lined with kraft paper.
3.询问装船
1）We should be glad if you could manage to ship the goods by s/s …sailing from…on or about …
2）Please ship the first lot under Contract No. …by s/s … scheduled to sail on or about…
3) The users are in urgent need of the goods contracted and are in fact pressing us for assurance of an early delivery.
4) As the season is rapidly approaching, our buyers are badly in need of the goods.
Unit 2 The Practice of International Ocean Cargo
Transportation
Section 5 Word Bank
1.carrier承运人common carrier 公共承运人
2.charter租船
3.consignee收货人
4.delivery order提货单
5.document of title物权凭证
6.non-conference lines非班轮公会航线
7.NVOCC无营运船公共承运人
8.port authorities港务局，港口主管机关
9.scheduled service 定期航运
10.shipping conference 班轮公会
11.trans-shipment points转运地
12.shipping documents 货运单证
Section 6 Useful Expressions
1.Please could you quote your inclusive rates on the following consignments?
2.Please let us know the present freight rates for large shipments.
3.We shall be glad to know the time of transit and frequency of sailings, and
whether cargo space must be reserved; if so, please send us the necessary application forms.
4.Please advise us of the loading dates.
5.We shall be pleased to have your current tariffs.
6.it gives us much pleasure to send you our quotation of the freight rates asked for
in your letter of…
7.In reply to your letter of 10th May, the rates we can quote you are as follows…
8.Thank you for your letter of 23 June, asking for tariffs. For your information, we
are airmailing under separate cover brochures giving full details of the present
freight rates of our company.
9.As the cargo is to be transshipped at Antwerp, we shall require “Through Bill of
Lading”.
10.All the cargoes are payable by us and the Bs/L are to be marked “Freight Prepaid”.
11.This is in reply to your inquiry of ____, we are now sending you a quotation of
our tariffs. Please be informed the quotation is subject to change on account of the situation of the shipping market.
12.We hope to have the pleasure of dealing with your shipment.
13.We have to express our regret for being unable to accommodate the cargo you
offered and to explain that this solely on account of necessary space not being available.
14.With regard to the accommodation for additional cargo as requested in your letter
of (date), I regret to inform you that the ship has no more space allotted for that cargo.
15.If you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact us.
16.Please feel free to contact me if you have any further question.
Section 7 Exercises
1.Read the following letter and work out the Chinese version with your partner : Dear Sirs,
Information on Container Service
Thank you for your inquiry of May 12th. The shipping containers we provide are of two sizes, namely 10ft and 20 ft respectively. They can be opened at both ends, thus making it possible to load and unload at the same time. For carrying goods liable to be spoiled by damp or water they have the great advantage of being both water-tight and air-tight. Containers can be loaded and locked at the factory, if necessary. Pilferage is therefore impossible.
Being temperature-controlled, our containers are provided for any cargo that needs special care. This lends its full benefit in shipping.
There is also a saving on freight charges, when separate consignments intended for the same port of destination are carried in one container, and an additional saving on insurance because of lower premium charged for container-shipped goods.
We enclose a copy of our tariff and look forward to receiving your instructions. Yours faithfully,
Spike Chung
to make out letters on enquiries and replies for information on shipping space, freight rates, frequency of sailing, charter hire, and other shipping services.
Unit 3 Ocean Freight Rates
Teaching Aims:
Ocean freight rates may be broadly divided into tramp rates and liner freight rates. Tramp rates fluctuate with market conditions of supply and demand. Liner freights are fixed by shipping conferences and other liner operations. Reasonable enquiry about ocean freight rates and effective calculation and reply play important parts in the shipment of the goods in foreign trade. This unit aims at helping the students to learn how to write effective letters about ocean freight rates in shipping business. A few sample letters have been selected for a preliminary study.
Main Difficult Points:
1. The rules of writing letters of enquiry.
2. The rules of writing letters of reply.
3. The business terms
Key Words & Expressions:
Ocean freight rates, tramp rate, liner freight rate, inclusive, vessel, enclose, tariff, observe, to the point, expectant, humbleness, favorable
Section 1 Warming up
Have a discussion with your partner about the question: in shipping business, how to make enquiries about ocean freight rates and how to quote them. Share your opinions with your classmates.
Section 2 Lead-in
Ocean freight rates play the key role in the procedure of shipping business. Reasonable enquiry about ocean freight rates and effective quotations will make great profits for carriers and shippers. Understanding all kinds of freights is quite necessary in writing letters about ocean freight rates.
Section 3 Samples
total amount of money per container to be paid to the agent in the USA (all fees, commissions, document charges etc must be included on the price quoted).
If the price is right we will contact you back.
thank you vey much,
Dear Sir or Madam:
We are on the lookout for Exporters/Importers who need the best of Ocean freight ex Indian ports to various ports worldwide. Besides we also wish to act as agents for F/Forwarders who need representation at Indian ports.
We possess 40 years of shipping experience and can handle A to Z in the shipping field. So why hesitate, contact us immedietly and see the difference.
Await yr prompt response.
Regards
Alhajj A.S.Basha
Dear Supplier,
We are please to intoduce ourseleves as one of the leading manufacturers of Cast Iron and Ductile Iron products in South India. For this, we would like to tie up with a regular supplier of Cast Iron
Scrap(Foundary grade) also called Used rail scrap.Our requirement is about 250 metric tonnes/month and in just a few month as we are heading for major expansion drive, our requirement would go upto 750 metric tonnes/month. Request you to please let us know your rate per metric tonne including freight to following address:
Section 4 Tips
Section 5 Word Bank
deviation surcharge 绕航附加费ocean freight rate 海运运费
tramp rate 不定期船运费
liner rate 班轮运费
liner operator 班轮营运人
lump sum rate 整笔运费
stowage factor 积载因数
Freight All Kinds (FAK) Rates 均一运
费费率；不分货种运费费率
basic rate 基本费率
surcharge 附加费
bunker adjustment factor燃油附加费
port additional 港口附加费
currency adjustment factor (CAF) 货币
贬值附加费
transshipment surcharge 转船附加费
direct additional 直航附加费
heavy lift additional 超重附加费
long length additional 超长附加费
surcharge of bulky cargo 超大附加费
port congestion additional 港口拥挤附
加费
optional surcharge 选港附加费
Section 6 Useful Expressions
1. Opening Phrases & Sentences Generally Used In Business Letters
1）特此奉告等
To inform one of; To say; To state; To communicate; To advise one of; To bring to one's notice (knowledge); To lay before one; To point out; To indicate; To mention; To apprise one of; To announce; To remark; To call one's attention to; To remind one of; etc.
2）为(目的)奉告某某事项
a. The purpose of this letter is to inform you that (of)
b. The object of the present is to report you that
c. By this letter we Purpose to inform you that (of)
3）惠请告知某某事项，等
a. Please inform me that (of)
b. Be good enough to inform me that (of)
c. Oblige me by informing that (of)
4）特确认，本公司某月某日函件等
a. We confirm our letter of the l0th of this month
b. We had the pleasure of writing you last on the l0th of this month
c. Confirming our respects of the 10th May,---
5）贵公司某月某日函电，敬悉等
a. We have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your esteemed favour of the 3rd May
b. Your letter of May 5 was very welcome
c. We thank you for your favour of the 5th May
6）特回答贵公司某月某日函所叙述有关事项等
a. I have the pleasure of stating, in answer to your inquiry of the 4th inst, that
b. In reply to your letter of the 5th of May, I have to inform you that (of)
c. I hasten to answer your inquiry of the l5th May, by stating that
7）非常遗憾，我们奉告您关于，等。

a. We regret to inform you that (of)
b. It is to be regretted that I must inform you that (of)
c. I express my sorrow for announcing you that
8）遵照某月某日来函指示，等。

a. In accordance with the instructions given (contained) in your favour of the 10th May
b. According to the directions contained in yours of the 6th May
c. In conformity with (to) your instructions of the l0th ult.
2. Complimentary Close
in official letters:
(Very)Truly yours
Yours (very )truly
(Very )Respectfully yours
Yours (very) respectfully
(Very) Sincerely yours
Yours (very) sincerely
Lovingly
Section 7 Exercises
1. Fill in the blanks with a word beginning with the letter given below.
In reply t__ your letter of July 5th, the M.S. Moon is receving g_____ cargo from July 10th to 15th i_________, and is expected to c_____ loading on 14th. P_________ that there is no undue delay, we see no r________ why your goods should not be on b______ by 15th although this can not be g________. We suggest that the 20 cases should be d_________ to the ship on the opening day and we will do our utmost to comply w_______ your request.
2. Translate the following enquiry letter into Chinese.
Enquiry for Container Service
Dear Sirs,
We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a large exporter of fancy leather bags in China and learn that your company is now operating a container service on the New York-Shanghai route.
Please let us have the particulars of your service, including the freight charges for it. We can promise you regular shipments if you quote a competitive rate. Thank you. We look forward to your favorable reply.
Yours faithfully
Shanghai Dongsheng Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.
Divide your classmates into several teams with 5 people in each team.Play the role of ship’s master, shipping agent, business partner respectively. Try to make out different forms of enquiry and relevant replies in the form of PPT and make a presentation next class.
Unit 4 Marine Cargo Damage and Insurance Teaching Aims:
Cargo damage is a constant problem. Although all necessary precautionary measures to prevent cargo damage may have been taken, it is not always possible to eliminate damage altogether in marine transport. It commonly occurs in loading, discharging or carriage.When cargo damage happened, it is necessary to contact the insurance company to cover the losses.
Main Difficult Points:
1.The different types of cargo damage.
2.The coverage of insurance types.
3.The business terms.
Key Words & Expressions:
FPA WPA All Risks stain bulkhead supervision liability
Section 1 Warming up
Have a discussion with your partner and give a list on the different types of cargo damage and what the exporter and importer should do to get insurance.
Section 2 Lead-in
When cargo is found damaged, it is necessary to estimate the extent of damage and also to find out the cause of damage for a claim for compensation. Damaged cargo must be verified as soon as it has been identified, latest at the time of arrival of the vessel and cargo at the destination. In trade business, the usual procedure is that when the damage is covered by insurance, and when the liability of damage lies with the shippers, the surveyor's report is submitted to the insurance company for a claim for compensation.
Cargo damage can be classified by cause into the following:
A. Original damage
B. Stevedone damage
C. Heavy weather damage
D. Sweat damage
E. Pilferage
F. Inherent nature or vice of goods
Marine Insurance covers the loss or damage of ships, cargo, terminals, and any transport or property by which cargo is transferred, acquired, or held between the points of origin and final destination. Cargo insurance would cover the goods while they are being transported over sea, air and land (includes parcel post and carryings by courier service).
Section 3 Samples
Sample 1 Reply to the request of insurance
Sample 2 Notice insurance
Section 4 Tips
Section 5 Word Bank
insurance free of (from) particular average (FPA). 平安险（单独海损不赔）insurance with particular average (WPA), basic risks. insurance against all risks. 综合险，应保一切险
risk of breakage 破碎险
risk of clashing 碰损险
risk of rust 生锈险
risk of hook damage 钩损险
risk of contamination (tainting) 污染险insurance against total loss only (TLO) 全损险
risk of deterioration 变质险
risk of packing breakage 包装破裂险risk of inherent vice 内在缺陷险
risk of normal loss (natural loss)? 途耗或自然损耗险
risk of spontaneous combustion 自然险risk of contingent import duty 进口关税险
insurance against war risk 战争险
Air Transportation Cargo War Risk 航空运输战争险
overland Transportation Insurance War Risk 陆上运输战争险
insurance against strike, riot and civil commotion (SRCC) 罢工，暴动，民变险
insurance against extraneous risks, insurance against additional risks 附加险
risk of theft, pilferage and nondelivery (TRND) 盗窃提货不着险
risk of fresh and/of rain water damage(wetting) 淡水雨淋险
risk of leakage 渗漏险
risk of shortage in weight/quantity 短量险
risk of sweating and/or heating 受潮受热险
risk of bad odour(change of flavour) 恶味险，变味险
risk of mould 发霉险
on deck risk 舱面险
Section 6 Useful Expressions
1. We feel it our duty to remind you of the matter.
2. Our investigation shows that, contary to the bad stowage as stated in your letter, the breakage of the captioned goods is attributed to the inferior quality of the containers which do not come up to the standard for transit.
3. It is difficult to detect damage, if any, from an external examination at the time of loading.
4. In respect to the towage of this peculiar cargo, we paid utmost attention to the coolness of the compartments, and especially in point of efficient ventilation.
5. We have spared no efforts to minimize the damage to the remaining portion of the goods by removing promptly the contaminated substances from the said goods.
6. As our usual practice, insurance covers basic risks only, at 110 percent of the invoice value. If coverage against other risks is required, such as breakage, leakage, TPND, hook and contamination damages, the extra premium involved would be for the buyer's account.
7. A W.P.A. or W.A. policy covers you against partial loss in all cases.
8. W.P.A coverage is too narrow for a shipment of this nature, please extend the coverage to include TPND.
9. We'd like? to cover the porcelain ware against All Risks.
10. Free from Particular Average is good enough.
Section 7 Exercises
1. Put the following into English
海难船舶保险意外事故
保赔协会折旧费通风不良
一切险装箱单
2. Read the following text and discuss with your partner on the form of the letter.
Work out the Chinese version:
Dear Sirs:
Tracing 5 cases Rubber Marked “MEF” Singapore/Marseilles B/L No. 150
At the time of discharging 450 cases of Rubber from Singapore to Naples u
Bill of Lading No. 155, which was s in close proximity to the captioned parcel in the same compartment, 5 cases o to be “Short in dispute”.
As you are aware, although the parcel, which was l at Naples, is marked “TPC”, it is otherwise indistinguishable f above, and the possibility is that the 5 cases in q were mixed with the parcel d for Marseilles.
In this connection, I shall a it very much if you would kingly instruct all concerned at yours to m a careful check at the time of delivery with a view to t the same.
Should these cases outturn at yours, please f them to Naples to
complete the shipment, duly advising us so that we can i those interested accordingly.
Thank you in anticipation for your kind attention to this matter.
3. Translate the following Chinese into English
事由：关于“东风”轮所载的苹果货损问题
致收货人：
你方3月25日编号为BK-25函收到，获悉我船所载的第148号提单项下1000箱苹果货从横滨到伦敦航行中损坏150箱之事，我们甚感遗憾。

有关的这批货是装载在2号舱底舱和二层舱内，在装货前由横滨的劳氏检察员彻底检查过，舱室内的冷气和通风情况完全符合运输标准，使检验员和托运人均感满意。

在航海途中，我们也特别注意对上述货物有效地通风。

从上所述，我们可以断定贵方所声称的苹果货损一定是该商品原有特性所致。

这是我们无法控制的事情。

因此，我们队此项损失不能负责。

另外，我们愿借此机会提请你们注意，托运人如不改进包装，今后将不可避免地发生同样损坏之事。

相信此事会得到你们的充分理解。

4. 6 students in a group. Work as Ship’s master, importer, exporter and insurance agent respectively. Try to take measures to cover the insurance and deal with the damage goods.
Unit 5 Applications
Teaching Aims:
Application is a formal written request you make with the appropriate authorities for assistance. In shipping business making an application is a kind of regular work. Letters of application have a fixed pattern though the subject matters varies with the ship’s business and parties involved. In this unit a few specimen letters have been selected for a preliminary study
Main Difficult Points:
4.The different contents of Applications.
5.The different written forms of Applications.
6.The business terms
Key Words & Expressions:
application crack cylinder liner ascertain crew list man visa
ship’s master straightforward courtesy
Section 1 Warming up
Have a discussion with your partner and give a list on the different types of applications during the regular work of shipping.
Section 2 Lead-in
Application is a formal written request you make with the appropriate authorities for assistance. In shipping business making an application is a kind of regular work. The contents of application may cover an extensive range of ship-borne services, such as: applying to the tally company for tally work , applying for cargo surveyor, applying for using of shore facilities etc.
Section 3 Samples
Sample 1 Application for Surveyor
Section 4 Tips
Section 5 Word Bank
1. 贵函
Your letter; Your favour; your esteemed letter; Your esteemed favour; Your valued letter; Your valued favour; Your note; Your communication; Your greatly esteemed letter; Your very friendly note; Your friendly advice; Yours.
2. 本信，本函
Our (my) letter; Our (my) respects; Ours (mine); This letter; these lines; The present.
3. 前函
The last letter; The last mail; The last post; the last communication; The last respects （自己的信）; The last favour（来信）
4. 贵函发出日期
Your letter of (the) 5th May; Your favour dated (the) 5th June; Yours of the 3rd July; Yours under date (of) the 5th July; Your letter bearing date 5th July; Your favour of even date(AE); Your letter of yesterday; Your favour of yesterday's date; Your letter dated yesterday.
5. 贵方来电、电传及传真
Your telegram; Your wire; Your cablegram（从国外）; Your coded wire（密码电报）; Your code message; Your cipher telegram; Your wireless telegram; Your TELEX; Your Fax.
6. 通知
(Noun)
Advice; Notice; Information; Notification; Communication; A report; News; Intelligence; Message.
(Verb)（通知，告知）
To communicate (a fact) to; To report (a fact) to...on; To apprise (a person) of; To let
(a person) know; To acquaint (a person) with; To intimate (a fact) to; To send word; to send a message; To mail a notice; to write (a person) information; To give notice（预告）; To break a news to（通知坏消息）; To announce（宣布）.
7. 回信
(Noun)
An answer; A reply; A response.
(Verb)
To answer; To reply; To give a reply; To give one's answer; To make an answer; To send an answer; To write in reply; To answer one's letter.
（特此回信）
Reply to; Answering to; In answer to; In reply to; In response to.
（等候回信）
To await an answer; To wait for an answer.
（收到回信）
To get an answer; To favour one with an answer; To get a letter answered.
8. 收讫，收到
(Noun)
Receipt（收到）; A receipt（收据）; A receiver（领取人，取款人）; A recipient（收款人）
(Verb)
To receive; To be in receipt of; To be to (at) hand; To come to hand; To be in possession of; To be favoured with; To get; To have; To have before (a person); To make out a receipt（开出收据）; To acknowledge receipt（告知收讫）.
9. 确认
To confirm; Confirming; Confirmation; In Confirmation of（为确认...,为证实...）; A letter of confirmation（确认函或确认书）
10. 高兴，愉快，欣慰
To have the pleasure to do; To have the pleasure of doing; To have pleasure to do; to have pleasure in (of) doing; To take (a) pleasure in doing (something); To take pleasure in doing (something); To be pleased to (with)(by); to be delighted at (in)(with); To be glad to (of)(about); To be rejoiced in (at).
Section 6 Useful Expressions
1. Opening Phrases & Sentences Generally Used In Business Letters
1）特此奉告等
To inform one of; To say; To state; To communicate; To advise one of; To bring to one's notice (knowledge); To lay before one; To point out; To indicate; To mention; To apprise one of; To announce; To remark; To call one's attention to; To remind one of; etc.
2）为(目的)奉告某某事项
a. The purpose of this letter is to inform you that (of)
b. The object of the present is to report you that
c. By this letter we Purpose to inform you that (of)
3）惠请告知某某事项，等
a. Please inform me that (of)
b. Be good enough to inform me that (of)
c. Oblige me by informing that (of)
4）特确认，本公司某月某日函件等
a. We confirm our letter of the l0th of this month
b. We had the pleasure of writing you last on the l0th of this month
c. Confirming our respects of the 10th May,---
5）贵公司某月某日函电，敬悉等
a. We have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your esteemed favour of the 3rd May
b. Your letter of May 5 was very welcome
c. We thank you for your favour of the 5th May
6）特回答贵公司某月某日函所叙述有关事项等
a. I have the pleasure of stating, in answer to your inquiry of the 4th inst, that
b. In reply to your letter of the 5th of May, I have to inform you that (of)
c. I hasten to answer your inquiry of the l5th May, by stating that
7）非常遗憾，我们奉告您关于，等。

a. We regret to inform you that (of)
b. It is to be regretted that I must inform you that (of)
c. I express my sorrow for announcing you that
8）遵照某月某日来函指示，等。