2022版高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解专练(四)(含解析)新人教版

阅读理解专练(四)
(限时30分钟)
A
From the cold Arctic to the African plains, every society seems to have some form of music as part of their culture. Music is so common and widespread that most people don’t even question it anymore. But until recently, there were researchers who doubted it: How could we know that music was really a part of all known societies?
Now, Harvard researchers, Samuer Mehr and Manvir Singh, have found further evidence to support the argument. They gathered music from different countries, media and time periods, and collected descriptions of many different pieces of music. Rather than focusing on music first and then looking at where it could be found, they started by studying a record of detailed descriptions of more than three hundred known global societies, and found that all of them have music as part of their culture.
To see if people could recognize the functions of songs from around the world, the researchers also created a listening experiment in which people tried to guess the behavioral context of a song. This went surprisingly well. Particularly music that was intended for dancing or to calm a baby was easy to recognize as either dance music or lullabies. Love songs were a bit more difficult to qualify, because they tend to be very diverse even within cultures.
This systematic study of connections sounds like the way that researchers in other fields would study biological patterns. “There’s a field known as
cultural phylogenetics, ” says Singh. Whereas biological characteristics are only received from parent to child, cultural characteristics (like music) are also shared between people of the same generation. That makes it much more difficult to figure out where the characteristic has come from.
“Finally, ” Singh says, “We still don’t know why music developed gradually. Our study shows that humans everywhere share cognitive mechanisms (认知机制) that make certain sounds seem appropriate in particular contexts. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文, 介绍世界各地的音乐拥有的共同特点, 同时成为各种文化不可或缺的组成部分。

1. What does the underl ined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The fact that music is part of every culture.
B. The question whether music is widely spread.
C. The doubt whether further research has been done.
D. The idea that Africa and the Arctic have cool music.
【解析】选A。

词义猜测题。

根据第一段第一句“From the cold Arctic to the African plains, every society seems to have some form of music as part of their culture. ”可知, 每个社会群体似乎都把某种音乐形式当作他们自己文化的一个部分, 由此推断代词it指代音乐是每种文化的一部分这一事实。

2. What did Mehr and Singh do first?
A. They found out further evidence.
B. They studied various societies.
C. They sought the origins of music.
D. They focused mainly on music.
【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第二段第三句“Rather than focusing on music first and then looking at where it could be found, they started by studying a record of detailed descriptions of more than three hundred known global societies”可知, Mehr和Singh首先做的事情是研究全球三百多个已知社会群体的详细描述的记录。

3. What’s the purpose of the listening experiment?
A. To comfort a baby.
B. To pick out love songs.
C. To create a context.
D. To tell functions of songs.
【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据第三段“To see if people could recognize the functions of songs from around the world, the researchers also created a listening experiment in which. . . ”可知, 听乐辨析实验的目的是看人们能否对世界各地的音乐功能加以辨别。

B
Every year, thousands of new high school graduates pack their bags, move to new cities, and sign papers accepting loans, the money borrowed from a bank or lenders etc. , which they might not be able to pay back. Without proper education on personal finance, especially as it relates to paying for college, young adults are guided into improper loan plans that result in years of debt after graduation. In order to set students up to succeed financially, it is important to educate students and parents on their financial options before school in the fall. The best way to support families heading for college is
to require that every high school student take a personal finance class before graduation. This will help smooth the transition into adulthood.
The average student takes out at least one loan to cover the costs of their education each year. In 2014 the average student graduating from college carried a negative balance of about $20, 000 in debt, which often spread over multiple lenders. Upon graduation, students rarely know exactly how much money they owe, and even though they are in the state of being unable to pay their debts, they cannot wipe out student loans. These students spend much of their adult lives paying off the gradual increasing debts.
A personal finance course would teach students how to manage their income and expenses, while helping to significantly reduce the amount of debt students carry into adulthood. By teaching students how to save money and live within their means, this course will provide the next generation with a foundation to progress financially. Students choosing to get a job straight out of high school would also benefit from finance education for these very reasons. With education on how to manage their finances, all young people will have the knowledge to make healthy decisions, leading them to improve good credit and purchase needed items like cars and homes with skill and confidence.
While not every young person makes financial mistakes, those who do can face years of difficulty trying to get their finances back under control. Rather than help them through these hard times when they happen, we should try to prevent them from happening at all. Making the completion of personal finance coursework a requirement for graduation would ensure that young people are at
least aware of the basics of preserving a financial stability.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了一种理财课程, 教学生怎么合理地管理自己的钱财, 避免陷入债务危机。

4. After graduation from college, many young people _________.
A. spend years paying off their debts
B. struggle to support their families
C. get through the hard times smoothly
D. are able to manage their own finances well
【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据文章第一段中的“. . . young adults are guided into improper loan plans that result in years of debt after graduation”可知, 很多年轻人花很多年偿还债务。

故选A项。

5. Having financial knowledge, high school students are probably able to _________.
A. smooth their way for college
B. get out of their financial trap
C. avoid the risk of the future financial trouble
D. free from the cost of their college education
【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段中的“Making the completion of personal finance coursework a requirement for graduation would ensure that young people are at least aware of the basics of preserving a financial stability. ”可知, 有了理财知识, 年轻人至少能了解保持经济稳定的基本知识, 也就是可以避免陷入经济困境。

故选C项。

6. The main purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. inform and explain
B. argue and persuade
C. analyze and evaluate
D. discuss and examine
【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

文章首先指出大学生会欠下很多债务, 以至于在毕业多年后仍然忙于偿还债务, 然后劝说这些学生参加理财课程, 因为该课程能帮助他们更好地管理自己的钱, 学会节约和合理使用钱。

故选B项。

C
He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen cream sticking out of his bag. The fat man sat on the terrace (平台), sipping lemonade and pretending to look at a tourism brochure. His sunglasses masked his eyes, but I knew he wasn’t looking at the brochure: he hadn’t turned a page for the last ten minutes. As I brought him his dishes, he coughed up a “thank you” and looked at me briefly. I tried not to stare at the tiny scar across his left eyebrow.
I walked back inside with my empty tray, shaking my head. He looked familiar, but I couldn’t quite place him. Then it hit me. The car accident. The mysterious stranger who helped me out of my crashed car, just before it exploded. I rushed back to his table. He was gone.
I moved his saucer and found his tip, along with a card: I am deeply grateful to you. The night of your car accident, I was on my way to rob a jewelry store. Saving your life brought things back in a right way. I now live an honest life, thanks to you. God bless you! Mr D.
I shivered(震颤). The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in an illegal dance club. Seeing human kindness through his heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life. I unfolded the tip he left. Among the singles was a grand (一千美元)with a pen mark underlining “In God We Trust. ” I said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

一个要去抢劫的陌生人在车祸中救了作者的命, 从此改变了双方的生活。

这个要抢劫的人恢复正常的生活, 让作者看到了人性的善良, 重拾生活的信心。

后来两人在作者工作的地方重遇, 他给作者留下小费和卡片以感谢作者, 作者也为他祈祷。

7. Why did the fat man look like a tourist?
A. Because he used money not the same as the locals.
B. Because he carried what tourists usually have on.
C. Because he doesn’t look like a native citizen.
D. Because he ordered strange food and drinks.
【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第一段“He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen cream sticking out of his bag. ”可知, 胖子带着旅客常带的东西, 故选B。

【规律方法】细节理解题的正确选项的特点
(1)一般可以在文章中找到直接或间接的答案, 但不可能与阅读材料一模一样, 而是用不同的词语或句型去表达相同的意思。

例如, 原文用双重否定, 选项用肯定句式; 进行同义词替换或句子结构的替换或句子结构变换; 原文与选项互换反义词等。

当然这只是形式上的变换, 意思还是一致。

(2)在因果关系上常常命题, 正确项多为产生原因或是主要原因, 也有少量考结果的。

He really did look like a tourist, with a camera around his neck and a bottle of sunscreen cream sticking out of his bag. 句子中前为果后为因。

故可知答案。

8. How did the writer know the man didn’t read the brochure?
A. He was drinking all the time.
B. He sat still with his sunglasses.
C. The page remained unturned.
D. He was staring at the writer.
【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“he hadn’t turned a page for the last ten minutes. 他已经十分钟没有翻页了。

”可知他是假装在看宣传册。

故选C。

9. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. They kept in touch with each other since then.
B. The writer had been searching for the man.
C. The man became a rich man years later.
D. The writer didn’t go to that interview.
【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

根据最后一段“The night of my car accident, I was heading for an interview in an illegal dance club. . . ”可推断出作者去面试前发生车祸而没有去面试。

故选D。

10. What is their attitude towards each other?
A. Sympathetic.
B. Grateful.
C. Worried.
D. Trusty.
【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据第三段“I am deeply. . . thanks to you. God bless you! Mr D. ”可知, 他感激我。

根据第四段“Seeing human kindness through his
heroic gesture turned my life around and brought faith back into my life. 和I said a silent prayer for him and got back to work, smiling. ”可知, 他的英雄行为让我看到了人性的善良, 使我的生活发生了变化, 并使我对生活重拾信心。

我默默地为他祈祷。

由此可推断出他们相互感激。

故选B。